Martyn Barrett

University of Surrey, Psychology, Faculty Member

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Martyn Barrett is Emeritus Professor of Psychology at the University of Surrey, UK. He obtained his degrees from the Universities of Cambridge and Sussex. He is a developmental and social psychologist but has a strong commitment to multidisciplinary research, and he has worked with educationalists, sociologists, anthropologists, political scientists and policy analysts.

His work focuses on: the development of intercultural competence; the development of political and civic engagement; the development of intergroup attitudes, prejudice and stereotyping; and national, ethnic, political and civic enculturation.

Over the years, he has received numerous research grants from the European Commission, the ESRC, the Leverhulme Trust, the Nuffield Foundation, and various other bodies. He has led three international research projects funded by the European Commission. He also works as an expert for the Council of Europe on the development of intercultural and democratic competence. In this capacity, he led a flagship project for the Council of Europe that produced a new European reference framework of the competences which young people require to participate effectively in democratic culture and intercultural dialogue (for further information, see www.coe.int/competences).

Recent books include Interculturalism and Multiculturalism: Similarities and Differences (2013, Council of Europe Publishing), Developing Intercultural Competence through Education (2014, Council of Europe Publishing), and Youth Civic and Political Engagement (2019, Routledge).

He is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society and a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences.

Further information about his research interests is available from his web page: www.martynbarrett.com
Address: School of Psychology
University of Surrey
Guildford
Surrey GU2 7XH
UK

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Books by Martyn Barrett

Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture: Guidance on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)

Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture: Guidance on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), 2025

This book explores how the Council of Europe’s Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic ... more This book explores how the Council of Europe’s Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture (RFCDC) can be applied to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). It highlights the benefits of basing ESD on the RFCDC, especially regarding increased democratic engagement and reduced levels of eco-anxiety. The document provides practical strategies for policy makers and educators, covering curriculum design, pedagogical methods and assessment approaches for empowering learners to address sustainability issues. Also discussed are the crucial aspects of teacher training, digital literacy and preparation for green jobs. Recommendations and open-access resources are included to support the effective implementation of ESD based on the RFCDC.

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Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters: Context, Concepts and Theories (2nd edition)

Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters: Context, Concepts and Theories (2nd edition), 2022

The Council of Europe’s Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters is a set of resources designed ... more The Council of Europe’s Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters is a set of resources designed to encourage people to think about and learn from intercultural encounters they have had either face-to-face, through visual media such as television, magazines, photographs, films, or through the Internet. There are three separate but parallel tools: (i) the Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters (AIE); (ii) the Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters through Visual Media (AIEVM); and (iii) the Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters through the Internet (AIETI). All three tools come in two versions: a Standard Version which is for use by older learners and adults, and a Version for Younger Learners which is for use by children who need help from an adult in reading and writing and in thinking back over their encounter. The focus of all three Autobiographies is on intercultural encounters that have made a strong impression or had a long-lasting effect on the people who use them. In discovering what underlies these encounters, users become more aware of their experiences and reflect on their reactions, thereby developing their intercultural competence. Revised and updated editions of all three Autobiographies can be found in three separate volumes which accompany the present volume. The present volume instead contains two accompanying papers, entitled ‘Context, Concepts and Theories’ and ‘Concepts for Discussion’. ‘Context, Concepts and Theories’ discusses the policy context and the theoretical and conceptual background to the three Autobiographies. It is intended for readers who wish to understand the ideas that underlie the design of the Autobiographies. ‘Concepts for Discussion’ provides less technical discussions of some of the key concepts underlying the Autobiographies. It is intended for use with young people in the final years of school education or the early years of higher education, to enable them to engage with key concepts related to culture, identity and cultural interaction.

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Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters through the Internet (2nd edition)

Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters through the Internet (2nd edition), 2022

This book presents an updated and revised edition of the Council of Europe’s Autobiography of Int... more This book presents an updated and revised edition of the Council of Europe’s Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters through the Internet (AIETI). The AIETI is an educational tool that has been designed to support learners to think about and to learn from intercultural encounters that they have experienced through the Internet. It is intended to support and encourage the development of the values, attitudes, skills and knowledge required for engaging in appropriate, effective and respectful intercultural exchanges through social media and social networking sites. The focus is on intercultural encounters that have made a strong impression or had a long-lasting effect on individuals who use the AIETI. In discovering what underlies these encounters, users become more aware of their experience and reflect on their reactions, thereby developing their intercultural competence. The AIETI comes in two versions: a Standard Version for use by older learners and adults, and a Version for Younger Learners which can be used with children who need help from an adult in reading and writing and in thinking back over their encounter. Both versions are accompanied by a Guide for Facilitators. In this 2nd edition of the AIETI, all of the materials have been revised so that they are fully aligned with the Council of Europe’s Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture.

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Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters through Visual Media (2nd edition)

Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters through Visual Media (2nd edition), 2022

This book presents an updated and revised edition of the Council of Europe’s Autobiography of Int... more This book presents an updated and revised edition of the Council of Europe’s Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters through Visual Media (AIEVM). The AIEVM is an educational tool that has been designed to support learners to think about and to learn from intercultural encounters that they have experienced through visual media such as television, magazines, photographs, films, etc. It is intended to support and encourage the development of the values, attitudes, skills and knowledge required for analysing and deconstructing visual representations of people from other cultural backgrounds. The focus is on images and visual representations that have made a strong impression or had a long-lasting effect on individuals who use the AIEVM. In discovering what underlies these encounters, users become more aware of their experience and reflect on their reactions, thereby developing their own intercultural competence. The AIEVM comes in two versions: a Standard Version for use by older learners and adults, and a Version for Younger Learners which can be used with children who need help from an adult in reading and writing and in thinking back over the images they are analysing. Both versions are accompanied by a Guide for Facilitators. In this 2nd edition of the AIEVM, all of the materials have been revised so that they are fully aligned with the Council of Europe’s Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture.

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Assessing Competences for Democratic Culture: Principles, Methods, Examples

The Council of Europe’s Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture offers a system... more The Council of Europe’s Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture offers a systematic approach to designing the teaching, learning and assessment of competences for democratic culture. It specifies a set of 20 competences which learners need to acquire in order to function effectively as democratic citizens in culturally diverse societies, and provides descriptors that can be used to determine the level of proficiency which a learner has acquired in each of the 20 competences. This book offers detailed guidance for educators on how these materials may be applied in the classroom in order to assess learners’ proficiency in the use of the competences. The book begins with an overview of the Reference Framework and then explains the principles that need to be followed when selecting assessment methods. It continues by describing 12 methods that may be used, all of which have been judged to be consistent with the principles of the Reference Framework. All 12 methods are currently being used in one or more of the Council of Europe’s Member States, and they are therefore tried and tested assessment methods that are known to be practicable for classroom use. Concrete examples of how each method may be used in practice are also provided.

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A Portfolio of Competences for Democratic Culture: Standard Version

This portfolio is intended for use in conjunction with the Council of Europe’s Reference Framewor... more This portfolio is intended for use in conjunction with the Council of Europe’s Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture (RFCDC). It requires learners to compile documents – such as recordings, texts and images – which demonstrate how they are using their competences for democratic culture in diverse situations within and beyond school. The portfolio supports learners in reflecting critically on their developing competences, and in thinking about how they will further develop their competences in the future. The contents of the portfolio also provide evidence about how a learner’s proficiency in the use of these competences is developing, evidence which may be used for either formative or summative assessment purposes. There are two versions of the portfolio: a version for younger learners, that is, children up to approximately the age of 10-11 years; and a standard version, for learners from approximately 10-11 years upwards. Each version is accompanied by a guide for teachers. The present volume contains the standard version.

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A Portfolio of Competences for Democratic Culture: Younger Learners Version

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Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture, Volume 3: Guidance for Implementation

The Council of Europe promotes and protects human rights, democracy and the rule of law. These pr... more The Council of Europe promotes and protects human rights, democracy and the rule of law. These principles have been cornerstones of European societies and political systems for decades, yet they need to be maintained and fostered, not least in times of economic and political crisis. Most people would agree that democracy means a form of governance by or on behalf of the people and that it cannot operate without institutions that ensure regular, free and fair elections, majority rule and government accountability. However, these institutions cannot function unless citizens themselves are active and committed to democratic values and attitudes. Education has a central role to play here and this Reference Framework supports education systems in the teaching, learning and assessment of competences for democratic culture and provides a coherent focus to the wide range of approaches used. This third volume offers guidance on how the model of competences and the corresponding descriptors, contained in volumes one and two respectively, may be used in six education contexts. The three volumes together therefore offer educators a reference and a toolbox for designing, implementing and evaluating educational interventions, in formal and non-formal settings.

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Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture, Volume 2: Descriptors of Competences for Democratic Culture

The Council of Europe promotes and protects human rights, democracy and the rule of law. These pr... more The Council of Europe promotes and protects human rights, democracy and the rule of law. These principles have been cornerstones of European societies and political systems for decades, yet they need to be maintained and fostered, not least in times of economic and political crisis. Most people would agree that democracy means a form of governance by or on behalf of the people and that it cannot operate without institutions that ensure regular, free and fair elections, majority rule and government accountability. However, these institutions cannot function unless citizens themselves are active and committed to democratic values and attitudes. Education has a central role to play here and this Reference Framework supports education systems in the teaching, learning and assessment of competences for democratic culture and provides a coherent focus to the wide range of approaches used. This second volume contains descriptors of the competences for democratic culture that are introduced in volume one. These descriptors are intended to help educators identify learning outcomes, achieved proficiency after a period of learning, and areas for further development. Further guidance on implementation of the Reference Framework is offered in volume three.

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Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture, Volume 1: Context, Concepts and Model.

The Council of Europe promotes and protects human rights, democracy and the rule of law. These pr... more The Council of Europe promotes and protects human rights, democracy and the rule of law. These principles have been cornerstones of European societies and political systems for decades, yet they need to be maintained and fostered, not least in times of economic and political crisis. Most people would agree that democracy means a form of governance by or on behalf of the people and that it cannot operate without institutions that ensure regular, free and fair elections, majority rule and government accountability. However, these institutions cannot function unless citizens themselves are active and committed to democratic values and attitudes. Education has a central role to play here and this Reference Framework supports education systems in the teaching, learning and assessment of competences for democratic culture and provides a coherent focus to the wide range of approaches used. This first volume contains the model of competences for democratic culture that was unanimously approved by European ministers of education at their standing conference in Brussels in April 2016. It also gives an account of the background to the Framework, offers some important guidance concerning its use, introduces the role of the descriptors that are contained in volume two, and concludes with a glossary of key terms. Further guidance on implementation of the Reference Framework is offered in volume three.