Books by Phillip L Hammack
Si nce the late nineteenth century, Jews and Arabs have been locked in an intractable battle for ... more Si nce the late nineteenth century, Jews and Arabs have been locked in an intractable battle for national recognition in a land of tremendous historical and geopolitical signi cance. While historians and political scientists have long analyzed the dynamics of this bitter con ict, rarely has an archeology of the mind of those who reside within the matrix of con ict been attempted. is book not only o ers a psychological analysis of the consequences of con ict for the psyche, but it also develops an innovative, compelling, and cross-disciplinary argument about the mutual constitution of culture and mind through the process of life-story construction. is book pushes boundaries further through an analysis of two peace education programs designed to fundamentally alter the nature of young Israeli and Palestinian life stories. Hammack argues that these popular interventions, rooted in the idea of prejudice reduction through contact and the cultivation of 'cosmopolitan' identities, are fundamentally awed due to their refusal to deal with the actual political reality of young Israeli and Palestinian lives and their attempt to construct an alternative narrative of great hope but little resonance for Israelis and Palestinians. Grounded in over a century of literature that spans the social sciences, Hammack's analysis of young Israeli and Palestinian lives captures the complex, dynamic relationship among politics, history, and identity and o ers a provocative and audacious proposal for psychology and peace education. "With his energy, eloquence, and insight, Phillip Hammack is one of the most promising young scholars in the study of human development. It takes great courage and integrity to enter two of the most oppositional cultural milieus in the world and manage to maintain the con dence of both sides. is book is an unparalleled, invaluable account of the identities, motivations, struggles, and pain of Israeli and Palestinian youth." -Je rey Jensen Arnett, Research Professor, Department of Psychology, Clark University, and author of Emerging Adulthood: e Winding Road from the Late Teens rough the Twenties "Hammack's book is a risky undertaking that has been masterfully executed. e book carefully crosses disciplinary borders, helping us widen our understanding of social phenomena at the individual and group levels, and pays special attention to the intricate connections between individual psychology and social structure as these are mediated through action. Hammack is clear about his commitment to get involved as a scientist in bettering the world and refuses to fall into our traditional illusory vision of science and politics as mutually exclusive." -Zvi Bekerman,
Papers by Phillip L Hammack
Human Development, 2018
The social context of sexual and gender identity diversity has changed dramatically in the past h... more The social context of sexual and gender identity diversity has changed dramatically in the past half-century, with implications for the identity development of sexual and gender identity minorities. This article considers the contemporary identity development of young gay men through a critical analysis of recently published narrative accounts by developmental psychologist Ritch C. Savin-Williams. This analysis suggests that gay men continue to navigate cultural ideologies that privilege heterosexuality, forms of masculinity that denigrate femininity, and relative silence about sex in school and family contexts, even as they construct redemptive narratives that demonstrate psychological resilience. Narratives also reveal new life course possibilities for many gay men, including the privilege to normalize and the ability to challenge categorical notions of male sexuality by identifying as "mostly gay." A critical analysis questions how these types of narratives position contemporary gay men in relation to the larger movement to recognize and promote sexual and gender identity diversity and to challenge hegemonic ideologies related to gender and sexuality. A life course narrative approach is advocated to best capture the current diversity of gay men's identity development. Prologue: "…And Then I Became Gay" "I think I am a h-h-homosexual," the adolescent boy uttered as he sat across from the middle-aged woman. He did not normally -ever, actually -stutter. He also had never said the word "homosexual" aloud, or at least not in reference to himself. He
Sexual and Gender Diversity in the Twenty-First Century
Current opinion in psychology, Jun 1, 2023
Mind, Story, and Society: The Political Psychology of Narrative
Archives of Sexual Behavior, May 11, 2020
Scientific evidence regarding sexual minority populations has generally come from studies based o... more Scientific evidence regarding sexual minority populations has generally come from studies based on two types of samples: community-derived samples and probability samples. Probability samples are lauded as the gold standard of population research for their ability to represent the population of interest. However, while studies using community samples lack generalizability, they are often better able to assess population-specific concerns (e.g., minority stress) and are collected more rapidly, allowing them to be more responsive to changing population dynamics. Given these advantages, many sexual minority population studies rely on community samples. To identify how probability and community samples of sexual minorities are similar and different, we compared participant characteristics from two companion samples from the Generations Study, each designed with the same demographic profile of U.S. sexual minority adults in mind. The first sample was recruited for a national probability survey, whereas the second was recruited for a multi-community sample from four U.S. cities. We examined sociodemographic differences between the samples. Although there were several statistical differences between samples, the effect sizes were small for sociodemographic characteristics that defined the sample inclusion criteria: sex assigned at birth, race/ethnicity, and age cohort. The samples differed across other characteristics: bisexual respondents, respondents with less education, and those living in non-urban areas were underrepresented in the community sample. Our findings offer insights for recruiting community samples of sexual minority populations, and for measuring sexual identity on probability surveys. They also bolster confidence in well-designed community samples as sources for data on sexual minority populations.
Lives, Times, and Narrative Engagement
Oxford University Press eBooks, Feb 26, 2009
This chapter begins by reviewing the book's general theoretical perspective on narrative, sex... more This chapter begins by reviewing the book's general theoretical perspective on narrative, sexual identity, and the life course. It highlights the way in which a particular paradigm for the study of sexual identity development emerges when some of these critical social science perspectives are integrated. The chapter then addresses each of the major sections of the book and connects the work of the contributors to this paradigm.
Developmental Psychology, Nov 1, 2020
Using data from the first national probability sample of Black, White, and Latinx sexual minority... more Using data from the first national probability sample of Black, White, and Latinx sexual minority people in the United States, we examined whether and how sexual identity development timing and pacing differs across demographic subgroups at the intersections of cohort, sex, sexual identity, and race/ ethnicity. Among a sample of 1,491 participants aged 18-60 from 3 distinct birth cohorts, we measured participants' ages of sexual identity development milestones, including first same-sex attraction, first self-realization of a sexual minority identity, first same-sex sexual behavior, first disclosure to a straight friend, and first disclosure to a family member. Participants from more recent cohorts reported earlier and accelerated pacing of milestones relative to those from older cohorts. Subgroups defined by sex and sexual identity varied in milestone timing and pacing, with gay males reporting an earlier onset of some milestones than other subgroups. Those who used newer identity labels (e.g., pansexual, queer) reported younger ages of milestones relative to bisexual participants but similar ages to lesbian and gay participants. Black and Latinx participants reported some milestones at younger ages than White participants. Race-stratified models testing groups at the intersection of cohort, sex, and sexual identity revealed subgroup differences in ages of first disclosure to family, as well as differences in the time between self-realization, same-sex sexual behavior, and disclosure to a straight friend. The results suggest substantial variation in the developmental timing and pacing of milestones across social identities and the need to further examine how milestone timing is related to identity, stress, and health.
Archives of Sexual Behavior, Apr 11, 2022
This study examined the extent to which social stress stemming from a stigmatized social status (... more This study examined the extent to which social stress stemming from a stigmatized social status (i.e., minority stress) was associated with three domains of health in younger as compared with older age cohorts of sexual minority individuals. Data were analyzed from the Generations Study, a longitudinal study using a probability sample (N = 1518) of age cohorts of sexual minority individuals in the USA. Exposure to a variety of minority stressors was associated with poorer health for all age cohorts. We hypothesized that because of improved social and legal environments in recent years, the associations between minority stress and health would be diminished in the younger cohort. As expected, we found that the associations between some minority stressors and health outcomes were diminished in the younger cohort compared to older cohorts. Positive associations between community connectedness and mental health and social well-being were observed for all participants but were attenuated in the younger cohort. Findings demonstrate the continuing negative association between minority stress and health among sexual minorities, which, despite some attenuation, persists even for young cohorts of sexual minority individuals in a more equal and accepting social climate.
The Story of Sexual Identity
Oxford University Press eBooks, Feb 26, 2009
Narrative Engagement and Stories of Sexual Identity
Oxford University Press eBooks, Feb 26, 2009
This chapter discusses a theoretical approach to the study of sexual lives that takes history, di... more This chapter discusses a theoretical approach to the study of sexual lives that takes history, discourse, and culture seriously. Central to this perspective is the idea of narrative engagement. It is argued that an approach that links the ideas of life course and narrative provides a paradigm for the study of sexual lives that maximizes the consideration of the contextual basis of human development. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
“I Was Always Trying to Figure It Out… on My Own Terms”: Structural Barriers, the Internet, and Sexual Identity Development among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Queer People of Different Generations
Journal of Homosexuality, May 23, 2022
Exploring the reproduction of conflict through narrative: Israeli youth motivated to participate in a coexistence program
Qualitative psychology, Aug 1, 2013
ABSTRACT
Distribution and Prevalence of Health in a National Probability Sample of Three Cohorts of Sexual Minority Adults in the United States
LGBT Health
Asexuality, Graysexuality, and Demisexuality: Distinctions in Desire, Behavior, and Identity
The Journal of Sex Research, 2021
As identities within the ace spectrum gain greater visibility in describing those who experience ... more As identities within the ace spectrum gain greater visibility in describing those who experience limited or no sexual attraction, it is vital to understand points of commonality and distinction among individuals who identify as asexual, graysexual, and demisexual. Among respondents to the Ace Community Survey, a large international sample of individuals who identify on the ace spectrum, we found that those who identified as asexual (n = 9,476, Mage = 22.3, 61.0% female, 12.5% male), graysexual (n = 1,698, Mage = 24.2, 58.8% female, 16.5% male), or demisexual (n = 1,442, Mage = 24.2, 62.8% female, 12.6% male) varied in indicators related to sexual desire, behavior, and identity. Asexual individuals were the least likely to be in a relationship, experience romantic attraction, or identify with orientation labels signifying genders of attraction such as straight, bisexual, heteroromantic, and biromantic. Asexual individuals were the most likely to identify as aromantic, graysexual individuals the most likely to identify as grayromantic, and demisexual individuals the most likely to identify as demiromantic. Asexual individuals also scored the lowest on measures of sex drive, personal disposition toward engaging in sex, and masturbation frequency, with graysexual individuals scoring lower than demisexual individuals on the first two.
Essentials of narrative analysis
Narrative and the Politics of Identity, 2010
Narrative and the Politics of Identity: The Cultural Psychology of Israeli and Palestinian Youth: The Cultural Psychology of Israeli and Palestinian Youth
1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University's objective ... more 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi ...
Community support for sexual and gender diversity, minority stress, and mental health: A mixed-methods study of adolescents with minoritized sexual and gender identities
Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity, Sep 1, 2020
Genderqueer identities-those that challenge a strict binary between woman and man-are increasingl... more Genderqueer identities-those that challenge a strict binary between woman and man-are increasingly visible within mainstream culture and psychological research. However, little is known about generational differences in the lived experience of genderqueer people. Inductive thematic analysis of interviews with 30 genderqueer sexual minorities of 3 distinct generations living the United States revealed 3 major themes: (a) unintelligibility: genderqueer people face challenges in identifying, naming, and expressing their gender due to the constraints of everyday language and material culture; (b) managing stigma through challenging oppression: genderqueer people manage stigma by naming and challenging the gender binary, often in relation to other forms of oppression; and (c) connection beyond mainstream LGBTQ communities: genderqueer people often find connection outside of mainstream LGBTQ spaces, such as through ethnicity-based or sexual subcommunities (e.g., kink/BDSM, polyamorous). Within these themes, key generational patterns included (a) greater challenges among the middle and older generations in naming and expressing a genderqueer identity, especially in relation to their sexual identity; (b) intensified critique of mainstream LGBTQ politics among the younger generation; and (c) greater challenges in finding and maintaining community among the middle and older generations. Across generations, participants emphasized the need to create more inclusive environments by changing language and social structures to deemphasize the gender binary. Public Significance Statement This study found differences in the experiences of genderqueer people from three distinct generations, with the younger generation expressing greater critiques of mainstream LGBTQ politics and the middle and older generations describing greater challenges in relation to gender identity and community. This suggests that attention to generational cohort is important for understanding the experiences and needs of genderqueer people.
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Books by Phillip L Hammack
Papers by Phillip L Hammack