Papers by Adil Hashim Ali
This paper presents a comparative study of gender diversity in ancient Mesopotamian civilization ... more This paper presents a comparative study of gender diversity in ancient Mesopotamian civilization and Indigenous cultures of Turtle Island, exploring how both traditions conceptualized identities that transcended the male-female binary. Drawing on textual, linguistic, and cultural evidence, it examines how gender fluidity functioned as a legitimate and sacred category within each worldview.
يُقدّم هذا البحث دراسةً تاريخيةً اجتماعيةً في ظاهرة الغلاميات؛ النساء اللواتي اتّخذن من الغلام ال... more يُقدّم هذا البحث دراسةً تاريخيةً اجتماعيةً في ظاهرة الغلاميات؛ النساء اللواتي اتّخذن من الغلام الفتيّ نموذجاً جمالياً واجتماعياً يُحتذى به، فأنتجن هويةً جندريةً هجينة تجمع بين لطافة الأنثى وخِفّة الغلام وجرأة الشباب. يكشف البحث أن الظاهرة لم تكن ضرباً من الانحراف بل كانت نمطاً ثقافياً مُتاحاً ومطلوباً في أسواق بغداد ومجالس الأدب والبلاط، بل إنها انطلقت في جزء منها من قرار سياسي مدروس اتّخذته زبيدة زوجة الرشيد لتحويل الجواري إلى بديل جمالي عن الغلمان. وانتهاءً بتحليل جندري معاصر يُظهر كيف أن هذه الهوية الهجينة كانت تُمارَس داخل إطار من السلطة الأبوية الذي يحتوي تمرّدها ويُعيد توظيفه، يُعيد هذا البحث قراءةً شاملةً لواحدة من أكثر الظواهر الثقافية العباسية تعقيداً وإثارةً للجدل.
This paper presents a socio-historical study of the phenomenon of ghulāmiyyāt , women who adopted the young male youth (ghulām) as an aesthetic and social model, thereby producing a hybrid gender identity that fused feminine delicacy with the lightness and boldness characteristic of adolescent males. The study demonstrates that this phenomenon was not a form of deviance, but rather a culturally sanctioned and socially desired pattern within the markets of Baghdad, literary salons, and the Abbasid court. Indeed, it was partly set in motion by a deliberate political decision made by Zubayda, wife of Hārūn al-Rashīd, who encouraged slave-girls to emulate the appearance of male youths as an aesthetic substitute for ghilmān. Concluding with a contemporary gender analysis that reveals how this hybrid identity was performed within a patriarchal framework that both contained its subversive potential and re-appropriated it for its own ends, this paper offers a comprehensive re-reading of one of the most complex and intellectually provocative cultural phenomena of Abbasid civilization.
مجلة ىداب البصرة , 2020
The Hellenistic civilization left in the Arabian Gulf many monuments in the political, economic, ... more The Hellenistic civilization left in the Arabian Gulf many monuments in the political, economic, and civilizational fields, and among these effects were the religious monuments, one of the main reasons for which was the rapprochement that occurred between East and West in general, so there was a kind of adoption or spread of ideas The new religious in the east, which reflected its effects in building a number of temples in a number of archaeological sites on the shores of the Arabian Gulf, and left a large number of Hellenistic burials and graves in the region.
مجلة آداب البصرة , 2021
The Hellenistic civilization in the Arabian / Persian Gulf left many traces in the political, eco... more The Hellenistic civilization in the Arabian / Persian Gulf left many traces in the political, economic, and civilizational field, among these cultural activities were the exploratory trips to the Arabian Gulf Basin region, which was the most important reason for the economic importance of the Arabian Gulf and the Arabian island, as it is the link between India and countries of East and West due to the ports on the Arabian Gulf, in addition to the abundance of perfumes, fragrances, and incense of all kinds of the Arabian island which were the basic materials for trade in that period. This research focuses on the most important pioneers and the historical and geographical materials that describe the area of Arabian Gulf islands and the names that were called by at that age. Also, it gives a historical vocabulary that served the history of the Arabian Gulf at old age.
The new Basrah Museum: dedicated to the archaeological and historical inheritance of Basrah and Iraq
Antiquity ( Cambridge University Press), 2019
Located in the Fertile Crescent and at the head of the Persian/Arabian Gulf, the city of Basra is... more Located in the Fertile Crescent and at the head of the Persian/Arabian Gulf, the city of Basra is steeped in history. Close to the heart of ancient Mesopotamia, the territory of modern Iraq was occupied variously by Achaemenids and Seleucids, Parthians, Romans and Sassanids, before the arrival of Islam in the early middle ages. In more recent history, the city's strategic position near the Gulf coast has made Basra a site of contestation and conflict. This exposure to so many different cultures and civilisations has contributed to the rich identity of Basra, a wealth of history that demands a cultural museum able to present all of the historical periods together in one place. The original Basra Museum was looted and destroyed in 1991, during the first Gulf War. The destruction and loss of so much of Iraq's history and material culture prompted official collaboration to build a new museum that would represent the city of Basrah and showcase its significance in the history of Iraq. The culmination of an eight-year collaborative project between the Iraq Ministry of Culture, the State Board of Antiquities and the Friends of Basrah Museum, the new museum was opened initially in September 2016. Already established as a cultural landmark in the city, with up to 200 visitors a day and rising, the museum was officially opened on 20 March 2019. The author was fortunate to be present for this event and able to explore the new galleries
مجلة آداب البصرة , 2019
The research seeks to highlight the most prominent architectural features characterized by Nippur... more The research seeks to highlight the most prominent architectural features characterized by Nippur. Those monuments were characterized by various architectural methods and especially the worshipped and residential. The extend of which the patterns of its designs have changed during its historical period. The worshipped monuments had participated in some of their artistic and architectural characteristics and had differed in terms of the materials used and their size according to the worshipped value God. As for residential monuments had varied designs from one era to another according to the availability of the first material. Clay was the most prominent material that was available to the population of Mesopotamia which was developed during the subsequent eras by using imported materials as wood and stones. They contributed to show the architectural development in the old cities of Iraq.
مجلة آداب البصرة , 2019
The Study Focused on The beginnings of The Spread of Christianity in Mesopotamia and The ways Fol... more The Study Focused on The beginnings of The Spread of Christianity in Mesopotamia and The ways Followed by evangelists or Missionaries To Teach Their beliefs Mesopotamia widely accepted The Message of Christ because of The presence of The Jews Who were more Open To Christianity Than The Jews in Palestine. This is because of Their Suffering in Iraq, so Their good news of salvation was through the approval of Christianity. The entrance of Christianity was Through the northern areas such as Raha and its neighbourhood such as Nisibeen. Messengers were able to spread Evangelism in the northern areas to Mesopotamia such as Hudyab (Mosul), Kirkuk, then they moved down to the central areas Like Kishkar, Madain, Hierah up to the southern areas like Meysan and Basrah Euphrates. The researcher focused on following the areas where Christianity spread in Mesopotamia during the first centuries AD. He also followed the messengers who were spreading Christianity in those areas.
911 -612 م . ق ( حتليلية تارخيية دراسة الدكتور املساعد االستاذ الدكتور املدرس... more 911 -612 م . ق ( حتليلية تارخيية دراسة الدكتور املساعد االستاذ الدكتور املدرس علي هاشم عادل غايل فارس الغني عبد اآلداب كلية للبنات الرتبية كلية البصرة جامعة امللخص: -The policy of amnesty of the kings of the modern Assyrian kingdom (911-612 BC). انتهجها التي السياسات كابرز العفو سياسة على الضوء يسلط البحث إبان االقاليم تلك وسكان لهم التابعة االقاليم حكام اتجاه االشوريين امللوك ( الحديثة االشورية اململكة عصر 911 -612 العفو هذا نشكل وقد ) ق.م. االعتبار بنض االخذ مع التمرد او اع الصر لحالة ً تبعا ومتنوعة متعددة بحاالت ان البحث خالل من ظهر وقد , الحكام من املتمردين ملناطق افية الجغر العوامل Abstract املقدمة: -( الحديثة اآلشورية للمملكة الغربيين الباحثين نظرة تتجلى 911 -612 أنها على ) ق.م
This paper is a comprehensive review of all pronouns in Akkadian in comparison with pronouns in A... more This paper is a comprehensive review of all pronouns in Akkadian in comparison with pronouns in Arabic language. The first chapter dealt with separate and related pronouns in Akkadian. The second chapter dealt with the reflective pronouns that lack them Akkadian language and non-existent in the Arabic language, but used some words that indicated pronouns reflex like the word ((ramānu) which means "personal" and in Arabic (myself or self) as well as section pointed out pronouns It noted that in the Arabic language and the names of reference of this rating grammar differences between the two languages are set out in the search..
Alexander the Great realized the military and political advantage of having a strong navy ever si... more 
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Papers by Adil Hashim Ali
This paper presents a socio-historical study of the phenomenon of ghulāmiyyāt , women who adopted the young male youth (ghulām) as an aesthetic and social model, thereby producing a hybrid gender identity that fused feminine delicacy with the lightness and boldness characteristic of adolescent males. The study demonstrates that this phenomenon was not a form of deviance, but rather a culturally sanctioned and socially desired pattern within the markets of Baghdad, literary salons, and the Abbasid court. Indeed, it was partly set in motion by a deliberate political decision made by Zubayda, wife of Hārūn al-Rashīd, who encouraged slave-girls to emulate the appearance of male youths as an aesthetic substitute for ghilmān. Concluding with a contemporary gender analysis that reveals how this hybrid identity was performed within a patriarchal framework that both contained its subversive potential and re-appropriated it for its own ends, this paper offers a comprehensive re-reading of one of the most complex and intellectually provocative cultural phenomena of Abbasid civilization.