Marco Painho

Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Estatística e Gestão de Informação, Faculty Member

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Papers by Marco Painho

Sistema de Informação Geográfica de Gestão de Carreiras (SIGGESC)

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Principles of Deterministic Spatial Interpolators

by Fernando Aguilar and Marco Painho

Tékhne-Revista de Estudos Politécnicos, Jun 1, 2008

Resumo: A interpolação espacial é o processo de prever o valor de atributos em locais não amostra... more Resumo: A interpolação espacial é o processo de prever o valor de atributos em locais não amostrados a partir de medições realizadas em localizações diversas de uma determinada região [Burrough, McDonnell, 1998]. Rever e comparar os interpoladores determinísticos espaciais usados em Sistemas de Informação Geográficos (GIS) como a B-Spline, Fourier, TIN, IDW e as superfícies de tendência polinomiais é o objectivo principal deste artigo curto. Alguns aspectos técnicos computacionais são igualmente examinados.

Place and city: Operationalizing sense of place and social capital in the urban context

by Albert Acedo Sánchez, Marco Painho, and Sven Casteleyn

Transactions in GIS, 2017

The academic interest in social concepts in city contexts, such as sense of place and social capi... more The academic interest in social concepts in city contexts, such as sense of place and social capital, has been growing in the last decades. We present a systematic literature review that confirms the strong relationship between sense of place and social capital, from a social sciences point-of-view. It also reveal that little attention has been paid to their spatial dimensions at the urban level, thereby missing the chance to exploit socio-spatial knowledge to improve the day-to-day life in and functioning of the city (e.g. in planning processes, citizen participation, civic engagement). We therefore examine sense of place and social capital from a Geographic Information Science (GISc) viewpoint, and present a formal conceptualization and initial theoretical framework which explicitly describes both concepts, and the relation between them, within the context of a city and from a spatial point of view.

The self-organizing map, the Geo-SOM, and relevant variants for geosciences

by Marco Painho, V. Lobo, and Fernando Bacao

Computers & Geosciences, 2005

In this paper we explore the advantages of using Self-Organized Maps (SOMs) when dealing with geo... more In this paper we explore the advantages of using Self-Organized Maps (SOMs) when dealing with geo-referenced data. The standard SOM algorithm is presented, together with variants which are relevant in the context of the analysis of geo-referenced data. We present a new SOM architecture, the Geo-SOM, which was especially designed to take into account spatial dependency. The strengths and weaknesses of the different variants proposed are shown through a set of tests based on artificial data. A real world application of these techniques is given through the analysis of geodemographic data from Lisbon's metropolitan area. r

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Applying genetic algorithms to zone design

by Marco Painho, V. Lobo, and Fernando Bacao

Soft Computing, 2005

Abstract Genetic algorithms (GA) have been found to provide global near optimal solutions in a wi... more Abstract Genetic algorithms (GA) have been found to provide global near optimal solutions in a wide range of complex problems. In this paper genetic algorithms have been used to deal with the complex problem of zone design. The zone design problem comprises a large number of geographical tasks, from which electoral districting is probably the most well known. The electoral districting problem is described and formalized mathematically. Different problem encodings, suited to GA optimization, are presented, together with ...

Geo-self-organizing map (Geo-SOM) for building and exploring homogeneous regions

by Marco Painho, Victor Lobo, and Fernando Bacao

Regionalization and uniform/homogeneous region building constitutes one of the most longstanding ... more Regionalization and uniform/homogeneous region building constitutes one of the most longstanding concerns of geographers. In this paper we explore the Geo-Self-Organizing Map (Geo-SOM) as a tool to develop homogeneous regions and perform geographic pattern detection. The Geo-SOM presents several advantages over other available methods.

format_quoteTwo types of fuzziness in small area census data affect typology accuracy, relating to attribute and geographical spaces.format_quote

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Exploring spatial data through computational intelligence: a joint perspective

by Fernando Bacao and Marco Painho

Soft Computing, 2005

The dramatic increase in geospatial data occasioned by developments in digital mapping, remote se... more The dramatic increase in geospatial data occasioned by developments in digital mapping, remote sensing, IT, and widespread generalization of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), emphasises the importance of exploring new approaches to spatial analysis and modelling. This favours the creation of new knowledge and eventually helps the process of scientific discovery. In this context the special nature of spatial data is particularly relevant and should be taken into account (e.g. observations are not independent and data uncertainty and errors are often spatially structured). The tolerance of imprecision and uncertainty makes soft computing a potentially very useful tool in the GIS environment. Computational Intelligence (or Soft computing) fits particularly well with GIS applications in those cases where computationally hard problems cannot be solved by classical algorithmic approaches.

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TIGER capacity building facility: growing from projects to professional community

by Else Swinnen and Marco Painho

Water security has become one of the most important challenges in the sustainable development of ... more Water security has become one of the most important challenges in the sustainable development of Africa, but only limited reliable information is available on the use and availability of water to support adequate planning and management of water resources. Data acquired from space can contribute to meet the urgent information need. But to satisfy the demand, a good synchronization based on a shared knowledge is required between water managers, who can indicate their specific information needs; developers of the satellite-based data, who can indicate what information can be provided; and the knowledge institutes, which transfer their knowledge on collection and dissemination of the information to users. In other words, a continent-wide capacity is needed to utilize Earth Observation (EO) technology. In the context of the Committee of Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), ESA launched the TIGER Initiative in 2002 as a concrete action to match the resolutions of the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg. The initiative aims at assisting African countries to overcome problems faced in the collection, analysis and dissemination of water related geoinformation by exploiting the advantages of EO technology. The first phase was completed in 2008, which contained a capacity building facility (TCBF) that supported about 100 individuals from more than 20 institutions all around the continent with training at various levels and methods:

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Capacity building in Earth Observation for water resources management in Africa – the TIGER initiative

by Else Swinnen and Marco Painho

In the context of the Committee of Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), ESA launched the TIGER In... more In the context of the Committee of Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), ESA launched the TIGER Initiative in 2002, which aims at assisting African countries to overcome problems faced in the collection, analysis and dissemination of water related geo-information by exploiting the advantages of EO technology. The first phase was completed in 2008, which contained a capacity building facility (TCBF) that supported about 100 individuals from more than 20 institutions all around the continent with training at various levels and methods. Today we are in the second phase of the TIGER Initiative (TIGER II), which aims to build upon the success of the first one. TCBF II is implemented now by a consortium of four partners (ITC, TU Delft, VITO and ISEGI-UNL), with the aim of supporting 20 research projects and establishing 3 Regional Offices in the time span of 2009-2012. They support African efforts to develop sustainable observation systems by using EO technology to learn more about the water cycle and to improve water-monitoring resources for developing effective adaptation or mitigation measures against the impacts of climate change. The TCBF II focuses on the research component of TIGER II. There is a larger variety of participating institutions, from universities to regional water authorities. Several projects address trans-boundary issues with multinational staff. The participating institutions and regional offices get free access to ESA satellite data.

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Higher Education in Agriculture Information Management and Precision Farming in Mozambique and Cape Verde

by Ali Atumane and Marco Painho

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Post-Graduated Education in Agriculture Information Management and Precision Farming in Mozambique and Cape Verde

by Ali Atumane and Marco Painho

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AgIM–Post-Graduated Education in Agriculture Information Management and Precision Farming in Cape Verde and Mozambique

by Ali Atumane and Marco Painho

In spite of the recent expansion in higher education and the growing demand for professionals wit... more In spite of the recent expansion in higher education and the growing demand for professionals with Agriculture Information and Precision Farming related skills, Mozambique and Cape Verde still suffer from a critical shortage of highly qualified experts, capable of leading the necessary changing processes in society and able to educate future generations of professionals. In order to give an appropriate answer to a lack of skilled work labor in a field considered strategically relevant to pursue the socio-economic development policies in these two countries, the Instituto Superior de Estatística e Gestão de Informação (ISEGI-NOVA), in partnership with the Universidade de Cabo Verde and Universidade Católica de Moçambique and with the support of Esri Portugal, conceived a project (AgIM -Agriculture Information Management and Precision Farming) that, through an efficient use of GIS, aims at strengthening the human and institutional capacity for solving local and regional problems, and tries to create the conditions to multiply the benefits of the transfer of Agriculture Information and Precision Farming education know-how.

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AgIM: ensino pós-graduado em gestão de informação agrícola e agricultura de recisão em Cabo Verde e Moçambique

by Ali Atumane and Marco Painho

Atas das I Jornadas Lusófonas de Ciências e Tecnologias de Informação Geográfica, 2015

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Spatio-temporal variation and socio-demographic characters of malaria in Chimoio municipality, Mozambique

by Joao L Ferrao, João Ferrão, Jorge Mendes, and Marco Painho

Background: In Africa, urban malaria is a major concern, since the towns and especially their sub... more Background: In Africa, urban malaria is a major concern, since the towns and especially their suburbs are growing quickly. In Mozambique, malaria represents 45 % of all cases of outpatient visits and 56 % of inpatient visits at paediatric clinics. Malaria is a major public health burden in Chimoio Mozambique and few studies on malaria exist. Methods: The study was carried out to establish the spatiality and temporality of malaria and describe socio-demographic characteristics of malaria patients in Chimoio. Weekly malaria data for 9 years (2006–2014) were collected from the district Epidemiological Bulletin and incidence by season, age, gender, and residence was calculated. SPSS version 20 was used for statistical analysis and ArcGis 10.1 was used to produce maps. Results: The annual overall average of malaria incidence was 20.1 % and the attributable fraction (AF) of malaria was 16 %. There were differences in weekly and yearly malaria occurrences throughout the period. There was no difference in malaria cases between male and female patients. Children under 5 years of age are three times more prone to malaria than adults (p < 0.05). Three temporal clusters of malaria were identified: cluster 1, weeks 25–47 with average weekly cases of 618 (sd = 251.9), cluster 2, weeks 18–24 and 48–51 with average weekly cases of 1066 (sd = 317.4). cluster 3, weeks 1–17 and 52 with average weekly cases of 1587 (sd = 722.4). Similarly, three different clusters were identified according to residential areas: cluster 1 (10 %) mostly urban, cluster 2 (22 %) mostly suburbs, cluster 3 (28 %) mostly rural areas. Conclusion: Malaria is increasing in the suburbs, and rural areas present more cases of malaria compared to urban areas. This article is an initial step to understand the dynamics of malaria in Chimoio. Results suggest that malaria varies in time and space, and that precision public health strategy should be used to control malaria occurrence. Studies on weather factors affecting malaria cases, bed net usage, and others should be undertaken.

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Crowdsourcing, Citizen Science or Volunteered Geographic Information? The Current State of Crowdsourced Geographic Information

by Jacinto Estima, Marco Painho, Andrea Pődör, and Pődör Andrea

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2016

Citizens are increasingly becoming an important source of geographic information, sometimes enter... more Citizens are increasingly becoming an important source of geographic information, sometimes entering domains that had until recently been the exclusive realm of authoritative agencies. This activity has a very diverse character as it can, amongst other things, be active or passive, involve spatial or aspatial data and the data provided can be variable in terms of key attributes such as format, description and quality. Unsurprisingly, therefore, there are a variety of terms used to describe data arising from citizens. In this article, the expressions used to describe citizen sensing of geographic information are reviewed and their use over time explored, prior to categorizing them and highlighting key issues in the current state of the subject. The latter involved a review of 100 Internet sites with particular focus on their thematic topic, the nature of the data and issues such as incentives for contributors. This review suggests that most sites involve active rather than passive contribution, with citizens typically motivated by the desire to aid a worthy cause, often receiving little training. As such, this article provides a snapshot of the role of citizens in crowdsourcing geographic information and a guide to the current status of this rapidly emerging and evolving subject.

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Geospatial thinking (Lecture notes in geoinformation & cartography)

by Hardy Pundt and Marco Painho

This book comprises innovative research presented at the conference of the Association of Geograp... more This book comprises innovative research presented at the conference of the Association of Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe (AGILE), held in May 2010 in Guimaraes (Portugal). The scientifc papers cover a variety of research topics such as geospatial modelling and analysis, quality and semantics of geoinformation, spatial data infrastructures, and spatial decision support systems

Geographic Analysis of California Condor Sighting Data

by Brean Duncan and Marco Painho

Conservation Biology, 1993

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RENalyzer: A tool to facilitate the spatial accuracy assessment of digital cartography

by Roberto Henriques, Ana C Costa, and Marco Painho

Managing spatial data in paper maps is quite different from managing digital spatial information.... more Managing spatial data in paper maps is quite different from managing digital spatial information. Sometimes manual vectorization of scanned maps is the only way to produce digital cartography, especially when the only source of spatial information is a paper map. Digital scanning and manual vectorization are two processes well known for adding error to data and accuracy is a particularly important issue for users of spatial information. The National Ecological Reserve (REN) established in the Portuguese national law protects areas with a diversified bio-physical structure and specific ecological characteristics. This information is often required to manage several human activities, such as mineral extraction, real estate, industry, tourism, etc. REN maps were originally produced in paper and were vectorized to produce digital cartography. The objective of this study is to measure the spatial accuracy and to assure the conformity with the original cartography. The accuracy of the REN digital cartography was assessed through a stratified sampling scheme, as described in Peixoto et al. (2006). The preparation of the digitized maps for the needs and the appliance of the sampling method as well as the data quality control were combined in the RENalyzer application. The application calculates areas of all polygons respective to their attribute classes using object oriented computation methods. As described in the sampling method, all class combinations (overlaying polygons) are considered. These areas and the global area are the base of the global sample size and the sample size per class and class combination. Considering these guidelines the application creates random points in randomly chosen polygons. The data quality control is done by facilitating the map reviewing process. After adding the scanned map and automatically setting map properties, the application zooms to each point and allows a fast and accurate quality control. Errors in digitizing are computed and classified in spatial and thematic errors. The attributes distance to original class and error description are added to the table.

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Sensing world heritage: An exploratory study of Twitter as a tool for assessing reputation

by Roberto Henriques, Vasco Monteiro, and Marco Painho

ABSTRACT Social media services play an important role in today’s society and are increasingly use... more ABSTRACT Social media services play an important role in today’s society and are increasingly used by the scientific community to understand the human landscape, with regard to local sensitivities and the broadcasting of opinion. Collection of social media feeds has become a new data source for understanding and modelling phenomena. This article explores the possibility of understanding the relationship of people with world heritage using the information collected from Twitter. The information collected from late December 2013 to the end of January 2014, submitted to temporal, spatial and text mining analysis, shows that Twitter messages convey important meaning about local and global sensitivities regarding world heritage. Examples include the buzz regarding the possible delisting by the Australian government of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage; the destruction of the heritage in Syria due to armed conflict, and the petition to include the Leuser Ecosystem in the world heritage list. It concludes that using data from social media services, such as Twitter, could improve our understanding of how people relate to world heritage, in a local and global perspective, and be a valuable tool in world heritage studies and management.

A Decision Support System for the Public Transportation Sector: The SIGGESC Project

by Roberto Henriques, Tiago H. Moreira de Oliveira, and Marco Painho

Proceedings of the 11st CAPSI, October 19th–21st Lisbon, Portugal, 2011

SIGGESC is a Geographic Information System (GIS) directed towards the public transportation secto... more SIGGESC is a Geographic Information System (GIS) directed towards the public transportation sector. This GIS contributes to a paradigm shift at IMTT in terms of the process of registering and granting concessions to the bus companies, and also increases IMTT's ability in other supervision tasks. It allows a better coordination and planning of bus lines, and contributes to the dematerialization of the licensing processes. This project not only brought an added value to IMTT, but also to the Portuguese passenger transportation ...

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