Papers by Dr.Ganganand Singh
THE LITERARY VISION , 2023
This study compares the two celebrated works of Arthur Miller namely All My Sons and Death of the... more This study compares the two celebrated works of Arthur Miller namely All My Sons and Death of the Salesman. This paper focuses on the Ibsenite elements found in the play All My Sons. Arthur Miller's plays belong to the School of social realism which has been enriched by the writers like Henrik Ibsen, John Galsworthy and George Bernard Shaw. Of almost equal impact was Ibsen's and Miller's inclusion of an intensely realistic dramatic method. Arthur Miller as a playwright is indebted to the "Scandinavian revival" in the off-Broadway theatre and also to the two Scandinavian giants Ibsen and Strindberg. If we trace the sources and inuences in the works of Arthur Miller, Henrik Ibsen has always been seen as a clear progenitor. Miller was inuenced invariably by Ibsen by the overarching notions of dramatic structure. The very purpose of Miller's drama is linked with individual characters and plot devices in specific plays dealing with the issues related to society vs. individual, family, alienation etc. Magic realism and Social realism are explicitly presented in the two plays.
THE LITERARY VISION, 2023
The vampire genre in literature stands as a captivating and enduring facet of literary exploratio... more The vampire genre in literature stands as a captivating and enduring facet of literary exploration, tracing its origins through a rich tapestry of cultural beliefs, folklore, and imaginative storytelling. Rooted in ancient legends and mythologies from various corners of the world, the vampire archetype has evolved over time to become a multifaceted symbol that resonates with diverse themes and societal anxieties. This genre has not only contributed to the creation of iconic literary works but has also deeply inuenced popular culture, extending its reach into film, television, and other media.
THE LITERARY VISION, 2023
Eco-feminism-As we all know that ecofeminism is a branch of feminism that sees environmentalism, ... more Eco-feminism-As we all know that ecofeminism is a branch of feminism that sees environmentalism, and the relationship between a woman and the earth. The eco feminist thinker draw on the concept of gender to analyze the relationship between human and natural world.
THE LITERARY VISION, 2023
Woman is said to be the most beautiful creation of God on this planet. She is herself the origin ... more Woman is said to be the most beautiful creation of God on this planet. She is herself the origin of life and ultimate creator. She is the foundation of family who embraces everyone with her unconditional love and care as a grandmother, mother, daughter, sister and wife. She forms nearly half of the total population and thus has always been a centre of study and discussion in Indian literature. The Indian writers have continuously tried to present the complicated world of women from different perspectives and points of view. They have responsibly taken up the various issues and problems of women, their anxiety, pain and suffering. These writers have expressed their views and concerns through their work. Woman's condition and position in Indian society have undergone many changes from ancient times to the present. This article is an attempt to critically assess the depiction of woman in Indian literature since ancient times.
The Literary Vision, 2023
Literature is a canvas on which society gets painted in
monochromic words. It is a reection of s... more Literature is a canvas on which society gets painted in
monochromic words. It is a reection of society in its truest
colour. Rightly has Adams Hazard written, “Literature is
an imitation of human life and action; it is a reection of
the human society. Literature not only reects the society
but serves as a mirror in which members of the society can
look at themselves and see the need for positive
change.”Preeti Shenoy is a skillful master of exhibiting
this society in her works. She sheds light on almost all the
prevalent social issues of the society in her works. In her
Life is What You Make It, she reects the life journey of a
diseased person, from ailment to regaining life. Her It
Happens For a Reason portrays the journey and strife of a
single mother in this society, who struggles in every stage
of parenting against the patriarchal notion of the society
that demands the presence of the father in parenting a
child. A Hundred Little Flames is another novel of Shenoy
which focusses on the elderly people of our society who
are generally being abandoned by our society in the name
of modernisation. It reects their seclusion and loneliness,
which, in the wider sense, points towards the fate of
elderly people in old age homes of the modern civilised
society. The Rule Breakers is another novel of Preeti Shenoy
which focusses on the women in our society who sacrifice
their dreams and ambitions in the name of respect to their
parents wishes and to abide by the social norm of
marrying when 'they are of age' and later regret on their
decision. It educates the female mass to have a stand point
of their own and a say in the decisions of their life, even if it
is against social norm. In a nutshell, it could be said that the
works of Preeti Shenoy are the true reections of the
contemporary society, with all its colors and greys, which
mirrors the society and at the same time suggests ways of
amends too.
Exploring The Challenging Journey Of Indian English Short Story From Kamala Sathianandan To Preeti Shenoy
Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Short story is the oldest genre of literature which evolved in crude form even before the written... more Short story is the oldest genre of literature which evolved in crude form even before the written language developed. But with the development of English Language and Literature, this crude form began to be polished and refined. It has, with the passing time, come a long way, from the oral form to the present refined type. In this article we are going to trace this development in a nutshell and analyze the short story writing of the present time. This research work focuses on the short story writers of the present time. The article will analyze different themes employed by the writers of 21st century in the genre along with their writing skill and technique. As is said , ‘literature is the mirror of the society,’ the article will lay bare the 21st century society before us with the description of the works of the galaxy of writers penning various aspects of their society.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 2023
Ever since the emergence of mankind, there has been a quest for identity on the part of women fol... more Ever since the emergence of mankind, there has been a quest for identity on the part of women folk. The societal frame work is such that women have not been given equal status as men in the society since time immemorial. This has led to the surge of various movements like feminism, women's right movement etc. which demanded equal right for women in society. One such movement was feminism which was a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aimed to define and establish the political, economic, personal and social equality of the sexes. This movement began in the early 19 th century and evolved in three waves till date, advocating the various needs of women as per the existing time. In the late 19 th century, the feminist ideal led to the evolution of the term NEW WOMAN which was synonymous with a liberated sex which was pushing against limits which
Exploring The Challenging Journey Of Indian English Short Story From Kamala Sathianandan To Preeti Shenoy
Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 2023
Short story is the oldest genre of literature which evolved in crude form even before the written... more Short story is the oldest genre of literature which evolved in crude form even before the written language developed. But with the development of English Language and Literature, this crude form began to be polished and refined. It has, with the passing time, come a long way, from the oral form to the present refined type. In this article we are going to trace this development in a nutshell and analyze the short story writing of the present time. This research work focuses on the short story writers of the present time. The article will analyze different themes employed by the writers of 21st century in the genre along with their writing skill and technique. As is said , ‘literature is the mirror of the society,’ the article will lay bare the 21st century society before us with the description of the works of the galaxy of writers penning various aspects of their society.
International Journal of novel research and Development, 2023
Drama is one of the most beautiful and the highest form of artistic expression. It is a harmoniou... more Drama is one of the most beautiful and the highest form of artistic expression. It is a harmonious blending of dance, art, verse, melody and action. It is a long literary composition like the novel, a great source of
Ad Litteram: An English Journal of International Literati, 2021
To comprehend anything in a better way, it’s important to get into the layers, the depth or
to lo... more To comprehend anything in a better way, it’s important to get into the layers, the depth or
to look into the soul. When one gets deeper into its subject, they get a grasp of its genesis;
its source and its reason of formation and henceforth, understand it in a way which
nobody else can. Culture and tradition go the same way too. To understand the culture,
traditions and values of a particular nation, one needs to step down into the depth. Every
country has a culture of its own which is defined by certain values and traditions. It forms
the structure and foundation of its society. It reminds the people of that particular nation
about their past, their ancestors, and most importantly, how they became what they are
today. Bharat’s ‘Bhartiyata’ goes thousand years back. To understand ‘Bharat’, one
needs to vigorously study its cultural, traditional and literary heritage. The beliefs, the
myths, the fables, the legends – are all what makes Bharat, Bharat. Several Vedas,
Puraans, Upanishads, Dharm-Granth and other epics have been backing up Bharat since
times immemorial. One can understand it in a better way only when he/she experiences it
first-hand. Skimming through the Epics will not make it any easy for them. What lies
beneath the ‘Bhartiya’ psychology is something too deep to examine. A foreigner can’t
understand the real essence of Bharat by looking at it from the outside just as we can’t
judge someone’s personality by looking at his/her physical appearance. This study aims
to do the same i.e., to examine the real ‘Bharat’ and to distinguish what’s Bhartiya and
what’s otherwise using E. M. Forster’s “A Passage to India” and many related ideas.
JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIVE RESEARCH, 2022
dia’s northeastern part has an infinite dreamland with undulating hills, scenic landscapes, lavis... more dia’s northeastern part has an infinite dreamland with undulating hills, scenic landscapes, lavish green
covers, serene lakes, snow-clad mountains, exotic flora and fauna longs relentlessly for satiating the aesthetic
aspirations and soothing the humankind from the fret, fever and worries of life. The cultural unity in diversity,
traditions, food and homely hospitality of the people make you fall in love with the region and it appears to be a
home away from home. The North East region is referred to as the the eight sisters comprising of Assam,
Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Nagaland and Sikkim. The reason for pleasant
surprises is constantly pushed to the margin for its lack of affection to the superimposed norms and concept of
‘Indian-ness’. The portrayal of the region is in a fashion which Homi Bhabha would call ‘Totalization of
Culture’.’ Tribal literature of North East’ remains a contested terrain as both the terms ‘North-East’ and ‘tribal
’hints at an attempt to assess the region. If tourism is promoted and infrastructure developed, this region shall
no wonder turn into one of the most visited tourist destinations not only in India but across the globe.
Northeast India is one of the most culturally vibrant regions. It is the combination of people belonging
to different ethnic groups, culture, communities. It is a place of eternal beauty and diversity. Temsula Ao
emphasizes the idea that nature and women should emancipate from the traditional and cultural shackles by dint
of their strong determination as they face many failures, disappointments and losses. Their determination and
longing give strength to fight for their self-identity and recognition. As a Naga woman, Temsula Ao is
concerned about her region and the condition of land, forest, animals, hills and mountains, and surroundings.
She rejuvenates the beauty of nature in the hands of women through her poems. In her short stories, she projects
women as protectors of nature safeguarding the whole human habitation with her knowledge. In her writings,
Temsula Ao represents the women who have the remarkable tendency to protect nature, encompass
individuality, are brave enough to fight for their liberation and have the intelligence to secure their men and village by their instinctive knowledge. Invariably, Temsula Ao reforms the role of women in Ao – Naga society
through her writings.
This paper analyses Temsula Ao’s Songs from the Other Life (2007) as the quintessential Tribal
English poetry of North East India. Despite the distinctiveness that marks the poetry of each of the poets of
North East India, certain unifying traits are found in the poetry of the region. In Ao Naga Oral tradition, the
quest of identity and selfhood, the hybridization of indigenous culture is presented as an outcome of modernity
and Christianity.
The paper also attempts to estimate the real picture of the postcolonial nation and how one can make the
use of language given by the colonial masters in the tribal world of North East India. It shows the greatness of
Temsula Ao as a poet and ethnographer and her compelling poetry not only asserts the distinctiveness of tribal
literature of the North East but also has an aesthetic universality.
International JOURNAL OF CREATIVE RESEARCH THOUGHTS, 2022
The story of the progress and evolution of human has been an unending episode. From being the hun... more The story of the progress and evolution of human has been an unending episode. From being the hunter-gatherer in the pre-historic times to the modern techno-savvy man, this journey has been remarkably significant. Human beings have travelled a long way to mark themselves as the most prominent species on this earth. This entire process of human advancement has been documented since ancient times and can be well understood by going through the pages of literary texts. The literary treasures hold in themselves the mesmerizing accounts of the development of human civilization and culture. They help us to walk back in time and develop better understanding and appreciation of the past. It is enthralling to witness how the great civilizations like that of the Harappa and the Mesopotamia flourished but got eroded due to natural calamities and disasters. With the changes in the human society, literature too has evolved. It is very true to say that literature acts as the mirror to the society. The novels, poems and literary texts belonging to a particular period gives one a clear picture of the culture, society, norms and beliefs of that period. The authors, poets and literature experts pour their heart out to artistically portray the customs, culture, rituals and society of the era to which they belong. We also find the glimpses of the societies through the literature of a particular period. A society is not only about the individuals living together, instead it is an amalgamation of the material objects, culture, beliefs, traditions as well as the resources available. Innumerable human societies have been formed and wiped out on this earth since time immemorial. Natural factors like floods, droughts, pandemic and other natural calamities had played a major role in the extinction and loss of many such human settings and dynasties. In the present world of growing globalization and mass media, the world wars and other disasters have made the human life vulnerable. Literature today mostly focusses on the individualities of human beings. This current covid pandemic has created a vacuum in the lives of people. It feels as if people have forgotten the eagerness and jest to strike conversations and communicate with one another. Literature too has suffered from an immense lack of motivation and creativity. It has developed a situation of creative blockage in the present era. It seems as if the past few years of covid crisis and lockdown has shunted our personalities and made us morose and dull. It has put forward a haunting shadow like that of a vampire over the entire humanity. It appears as though the covid vampire algae is going to endanger the human race sucking its blood and peace.
NIU International Journal of Human Rights, 2021
There is no contemporary democratic state where women have not made a socioeconomic and political... more There is no contemporary democratic state where women have not made a socioeconomic and political contribution that is both important and indispensable Women's engagement in Indian politics and national development is the subject of this article. In the inquiry, secondary information were used to enhance primary data. Women's active engagement in politics is hindered by cultural, environmental, educational, and gender issues, according to this research. One of the project's objectives is to increase the number of women who participate in national politics. Enlightenment campaigns at all levels should be launched to encourage more women to pursue and appreciate education. As a result of this, more women will participate in politics. According to the experts, all types of discrimination against women should be criminalised at all levels. In order to incorporate women into global economies, it is necessary to better their position and contribution to total development. The Gender and Development (GAD) approach recommended that rather than focusing just on women's issues, a larger emphasis be placed on gender relations.
International Journal of creative Research Thoughts, 2022
The story of the progress and evolution of human has been an unending episode. From being the hun... more The story of the progress and evolution of human has been an unending episode. From being the hunter-gatherer in the prehistoric times to the modern techno-savvy man, this journey has been remarkably significant. Human beings have travelled a long way to mark themselves as the most prominent species on this earth. This entire process of human advancement has been documented since ancient times and can be well understood by going through the pages of literary texts. The literary treasures hold in themselves the mesmerizing accounts of the development of human civilization and culture. They help us to walk back in time and develop better understanding and appreciation of the past. It is enthralling to witness how the great civilizations like that of the Harappa and the Mesopotamia flourished but got eroded due to natural calamities and disasters. With the changes in the human society, literature too has evolved. It is very true to say that literature acts as the mirror to the society. The novels, poems and literary texts belonging to a particular period gives one a clear picture of the culture, society, norms and beliefs of that period. The authors, poets and literature experts pour their heart out to artistically portray the customs, culture, rituals and society of the era to which they belong. We also find the glimpses of the societies through the literature of a particular period. A society is not only about the individuals living together, instead it is an amalgamation of the material objects, culture, beliefs, traditions as well as the resources available. Innumerable human societies have been formed and wiped out on this earth since time immemorial. Natural factors like floods, droughts, pandemic and other natural calamities had played a major role in the extinction and loss of many such human settings and dynasties. In the present world of growing globalization and mass media, the world wars and other disasters have made the human life vulnerable. Literature today mostly focusses on the individualities of human beings. This current covid pandemic has created a vacuum in the lives of people. It feels as if people have forgotten the eagerness and jest to strike conversations and communicate with one another. Literature too has suffered from an immense lack of motivation and creativity. It has developed a situation of creative blockage in the present era. It seems as if the past few years of covid crisis and lockdown has shunted our personalities and made us morose and dull. It has put forward a haunting shadow like that of a vampire over the entire humanity. It appears as though the covid vampire algae is going to endanger the human race sucking its blood and peace.
INWARD EYE, 2017
This paper is an attempt to present the true face of India in Mahasweta Devi's Draupadi. It must ... more This paper is an attempt to present the true face of India in Mahasweta Devi's Draupadi. It must instil shame in the reader, who is not sensitive to the issues of class/custe exploitation and resistance of the voiceless. Mahasweta's writings are deeply concerned with the plight of tribals living on the margins. Draupadi is a Santhal girl, who resists the brunt of social oppression and violence with indomitable courage and subverts the social structure of racial and gender discrimination
Keywords: subaltern, voiceless, tribals, diku.
THE INTELLECTUAL VOICE, 2017
Many of the extraordinary changes of our age challenge old ways of theorizing and demand wholly n... more Many of the extraordinary changes of our age challenge old ways of theorizing and demand wholly new ideas and ideals to make sense of societal life at local as well as global levels. Some of them have created a widespread view that 'scientific' socialism is now dead like the older 'metanarratives'. The communist dream could not come true. Capitalism, on the other hand, has adjusted to the recent changes due to its opportunist goals and funding capacities. The advanced capitalist society has developed a sophisticated global network and integrated various classes and groups through the information technology and the managerial revolution. People have very restrictive forms of thought and action in such a situation. However, all this does not indicate the hopeless melting of classes without any potential pattern. Though the antagonism is not so simplified as it was once viewed as the class struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat. A lot of marginal cases and sub-altern claims have come to the fore. With the growing awareness on the part of the 'multitudes, there are reasons for optimism.
At this crucial juncture, we are certainly faced with difficult decisions. Why should we accept large disparities in people's life-chances and standards of living? Do we not need to keep left for ameliorating the conditions of the poor and the under-privileged? Is there any normative basis for socialistic commitments? What should be the role of intellectuals and academia on such matters? These are the main issues, which will be looked into in the present paper. Because as long as poverty and subordination alienation war and waste are there, the left-wing critique cannot lose its relevance.
THE LITERARY VISION, 2014
There were some common situations which influenced all the writers of the contemporary period; fo... more There were some common situations which influenced all the writers of the contemporary period; for example: social disparity, exploitation by upper caste's people of the lower caste, untouchablility, the problems created by the British colonization and the Gandhian movement for independence of the country. Bhabani Bhattacharya also couldn't remain untouched with the contemporary situations, but he highlighted some minute common problems which distinguish him from the other writers and provides his novels a distinct category. His subtle vision to observe the reasons of problems in existing society ranks him in the foremost row of the Indo Anglian novelists. The conflict between the tradition and the modernity, the blending of the old and the new values and the fusion of spiritualism of the East and materialism of the West are the remarkable aspects of his novels.
Finding novel form as the most facile vehicle for literary expression, Bhattacharya, one of the older generation of living Indian novelists, has been attracted to and adopted this form. Though he has written a number of short stories, translated the stories of Tagore, written episodes from Indian History and published a book on Gandhi, it is as a novelist-as the author of 'So Many Hungers', 'Music for Mohini', 'He Who Rides a Tiger,' 'Goddess Named Gold' and 'Shadow from Ladakh'-that he has won recognition and fame from the reading public.
JOURNAL OF EDUCATION: RABINDRABHARTI UNIVERSITY, 2020
Girish Karnad's Naga-Mandala (1988) is discussed as the feministic perspective in the context of ... more Girish Karnad's Naga-Mandala (1988) is discussed as the feministic perspective in the context of postcolonial gender analysis in this article. Naga-Mandala (1988) is a film that explores the ongoing power disparities between male and female genders. In Naga-Mandala, Karnad's female character, Rani, is pitiful, degraded, and most crucially, an object of patriarchal sociopolitical control and authority. In connection to the patriarchal Indian state, the article proposes Rani as a site of theoretical changes, addressing questions of gender subjectivity, sexuality, and power positionality. It goes on to say that Rani establishes a performative self in the text through an interrogatory narrative voice that succeeds in participating in the critique of patriarchal subjectivity and hegemonic feminist positioning, as well as inserting a resistant feminist ideology into gender discourse to re-envision the role of Indian women in the country's development. The Naga-Mandala reflects a key component of feminism. The drama explores the patriarchal ethical conundrum of women's faithfulness to their husbands but men's fidelity to their wives. The patriarchy has influenced the lives of women throughout history and throughout cultures, definitely in various ways, by dictating values, conventions, gender roles, and ethics to maintain male supremacy at the top. In modern Indian English theatre, Girish Karnad has become a living legend. His work, which spans four decades and includes Yayati and Wedding Album, reflects the growth of Indian theatre. Being an actor and theatre man himself, Karnad transmutes and alters his source material to the point where current, contemporary, unique skill combines the heritage into a rich and bizarre trans-creation.
Asian Resonance, 2021
With the turn of the century, the world has witnessed an extraordinary interest in the revival of... more With the turn of the century, the world has witnessed an extraordinary interest in the revival of supernatural and gothic elements in young adult fiction. The contemporary literature beholds a wide array of authors coming up with new ideas and innovations in writing. Rapid growth in mass media platforms and opportunities in socialization provide impetus to the new authors to try their hands on unconventional writings. The modern generation readers, especially those of the millennial generation have a varied taste of reading. They do not idealise a Pamela or a Clarissa in real life. Even they do not find similarities with an Austen heroine. Strained to keep pace with the fast moving modern world, these young readers want reading to be a comforting and entertaining experience.The contemporary authors recognize this very need of the present day readers. Their protagonists are interesting and relatable. Neither are they too virtuous nor too vicious. The present day novels either revolve around the original dilemmas and difficulties which we all face in our everyday life or carry the readers to a virtual fantasy world which provides a medium of wish-fulfilment. Even the supernatural and the mythical have been turned relatable. With changing time, authors have even experimented with inter-mixing various genres. They have erased demarcations between love stories, thriller, horror-stories etc. Readers find such writings engrossing as they can live through all these experiences at the same time.This newly evolved form of literature has found huge readership all around the world.These authors tasted vastcommercial success and they further encouraged new authors to be creative and try out something out of the box. Gothic fiction is one such widely explored genre of the modern times. It had originally evolved centuries ago by a bunch of authors as a new branch of literature during the Romantic age of English literature. They consisted of tales of death, horror and supernatural. The first gothic novel, „The Castle of Otranto’ was written by Horace Walpole in 1764. The major themes of these novels were mystery and terror consisting of grotesque devils, dilapidated castles, rugged terrain and dark and haunted buildings. The gothic fiction gave rise to a similar genre of vampire fiction with blood-thirsty evil night dwellers. They were reanimated corpses as vampires feeding essentially on human blood. They slept in coffins and were burnt by sunlight. Authors in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century wrote extensively on vampires. Most important of these are Sheridan Le Fanu‟s portrayal of the lesbian vampire in Carmilla in 1872 and Dracula by Bram Stoker in 1897. The latest addition to this vampire mania is Stephenie Meyer‟s widely popular franchise,The Twilight Series which opens new vistas to explore the multi-dimensional Vampire fiction.
Uploads
Papers by Dr.Ganganand Singh
monochromic words. It is a reection of society in its truest
colour. Rightly has Adams Hazard written, “Literature is
an imitation of human life and action; it is a reection of
the human society. Literature not only reects the society
but serves as a mirror in which members of the society can
look at themselves and see the need for positive
change.”Preeti Shenoy is a skillful master of exhibiting
this society in her works. She sheds light on almost all the
prevalent social issues of the society in her works. In her
Life is What You Make It, she reects the life journey of a
diseased person, from ailment to regaining life. Her It
Happens For a Reason portrays the journey and strife of a
single mother in this society, who struggles in every stage
of parenting against the patriarchal notion of the society
that demands the presence of the father in parenting a
child. A Hundred Little Flames is another novel of Shenoy
which focusses on the elderly people of our society who
are generally being abandoned by our society in the name
of modernisation. It reects their seclusion and loneliness,
which, in the wider sense, points towards the fate of
elderly people in old age homes of the modern civilised
society. The Rule Breakers is another novel of Preeti Shenoy
which focusses on the women in our society who sacrifice
their dreams and ambitions in the name of respect to their
parents wishes and to abide by the social norm of
marrying when 'they are of age' and later regret on their
decision. It educates the female mass to have a stand point
of their own and a say in the decisions of their life, even if it
is against social norm. In a nutshell, it could be said that the
works of Preeti Shenoy are the true reections of the
contemporary society, with all its colors and greys, which
mirrors the society and at the same time suggests ways of
amends too.
to look into the soul. When one gets deeper into its subject, they get a grasp of its genesis;
its source and its reason of formation and henceforth, understand it in a way which
nobody else can. Culture and tradition go the same way too. To understand the culture,
traditions and values of a particular nation, one needs to step down into the depth. Every
country has a culture of its own which is defined by certain values and traditions. It forms
the structure and foundation of its society. It reminds the people of that particular nation
about their past, their ancestors, and most importantly, how they became what they are
today. Bharat’s ‘Bhartiyata’ goes thousand years back. To understand ‘Bharat’, one
needs to vigorously study its cultural, traditional and literary heritage. The beliefs, the
myths, the fables, the legends – are all what makes Bharat, Bharat. Several Vedas,
Puraans, Upanishads, Dharm-Granth and other epics have been backing up Bharat since
times immemorial. One can understand it in a better way only when he/she experiences it
first-hand. Skimming through the Epics will not make it any easy for them. What lies
beneath the ‘Bhartiya’ psychology is something too deep to examine. A foreigner can’t
understand the real essence of Bharat by looking at it from the outside just as we can’t
judge someone’s personality by looking at his/her physical appearance. This study aims
to do the same i.e., to examine the real ‘Bharat’ and to distinguish what’s Bhartiya and
what’s otherwise using E. M. Forster’s “A Passage to India” and many related ideas.
covers, serene lakes, snow-clad mountains, exotic flora and fauna longs relentlessly for satiating the aesthetic
aspirations and soothing the humankind from the fret, fever and worries of life. The cultural unity in diversity,
traditions, food and homely hospitality of the people make you fall in love with the region and it appears to be a
home away from home. The North East region is referred to as the the eight sisters comprising of Assam,
Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Nagaland and Sikkim. The reason for pleasant
surprises is constantly pushed to the margin for its lack of affection to the superimposed norms and concept of
‘Indian-ness’. The portrayal of the region is in a fashion which Homi Bhabha would call ‘Totalization of
Culture’.’ Tribal literature of North East’ remains a contested terrain as both the terms ‘North-East’ and ‘tribal
’hints at an attempt to assess the region. If tourism is promoted and infrastructure developed, this region shall
no wonder turn into one of the most visited tourist destinations not only in India but across the globe.
Northeast India is one of the most culturally vibrant regions. It is the combination of people belonging
to different ethnic groups, culture, communities. It is a place of eternal beauty and diversity. Temsula Ao
emphasizes the idea that nature and women should emancipate from the traditional and cultural shackles by dint
of their strong determination as they face many failures, disappointments and losses. Their determination and
longing give strength to fight for their self-identity and recognition. As a Naga woman, Temsula Ao is
concerned about her region and the condition of land, forest, animals, hills and mountains, and surroundings.
She rejuvenates the beauty of nature in the hands of women through her poems. In her short stories, she projects
women as protectors of nature safeguarding the whole human habitation with her knowledge. In her writings,
Temsula Ao represents the women who have the remarkable tendency to protect nature, encompass
individuality, are brave enough to fight for their liberation and have the intelligence to secure their men and village by their instinctive knowledge. Invariably, Temsula Ao reforms the role of women in Ao – Naga society
through her writings.
This paper analyses Temsula Ao’s Songs from the Other Life (2007) as the quintessential Tribal
English poetry of North East India. Despite the distinctiveness that marks the poetry of each of the poets of
North East India, certain unifying traits are found in the poetry of the region. In Ao Naga Oral tradition, the
quest of identity and selfhood, the hybridization of indigenous culture is presented as an outcome of modernity
and Christianity.
The paper also attempts to estimate the real picture of the postcolonial nation and how one can make the
use of language given by the colonial masters in the tribal world of North East India. It shows the greatness of
Temsula Ao as a poet and ethnographer and her compelling poetry not only asserts the distinctiveness of tribal
literature of the North East but also has an aesthetic universality.
Keywords: subaltern, voiceless, tribals, diku.
At this crucial juncture, we are certainly faced with difficult decisions. Why should we accept large disparities in people's life-chances and standards of living? Do we not need to keep left for ameliorating the conditions of the poor and the under-privileged? Is there any normative basis for socialistic commitments? What should be the role of intellectuals and academia on such matters? These are the main issues, which will be looked into in the present paper. Because as long as poverty and subordination alienation war and waste are there, the left-wing critique cannot lose its relevance.
Finding novel form as the most facile vehicle for literary expression, Bhattacharya, one of the older generation of living Indian novelists, has been attracted to and adopted this form. Though he has written a number of short stories, translated the stories of Tagore, written episodes from Indian History and published a book on Gandhi, it is as a novelist-as the author of 'So Many Hungers', 'Music for Mohini', 'He Who Rides a Tiger,' 'Goddess Named Gold' and 'Shadow from Ladakh'-that he has won recognition and fame from the reading public.