Asynchronous Communication

This paper explores three methodological issues related to content analysis of online asynchronous discussions: unitizing, reliability, and manifest versus latent content. Unitizing involves balancing feasibility, reliability, identifiability, and discriminant capability of semantic versus syntactic units. Reliability is discussed in relation to differences between tasks, discussants, and number of coding decisions, as well as between coders. Manifest versus latent content contrasts observed versus intended behaviors in content analysis. For each of the three issues, the paper presents a brief theoretical overview. Each issue is subsequently contextualized and illustrated using empirical results. Finally, for each issue, the paper provides a discussion of lessons learned and implications. The paper concludes with suggestions for future studies.

Chimera states are spatiotemporal patterns in which distinct dynamics coexist, such as synchronous and asynchronous patterns. In this work, we study the effect of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) on the emergence of chimera states. We consider a regular network of coupled adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire neurons, where all connections initially have the same strength value. The STDP alters the strength value as a function of the timing between the pre and postsynaptic action potentials over time. We verify that the range of parameters displaying chimera states is larger in the network with plasticity than in the absence of plasticity. Our simulations show that the chimera lifetime increases when the plasticity actuates in the neuronal network. We also observe an increase in neuronal spike frequency when the neurons are submitted to a constant positive current. In the parameter space, the changes in synaptic weights increase the appearance of chimera states.

Academic staff development in the pedagogical applications of new technologies is fundamental to the transformation of teaching and learning in tertiary education settings. We present a case study of a staff development activity at Deakin University, a multi-campus university offering on and off-campus programs, which aimed to develop a collegial online experience for academics interested in using online technologies. It is contextualised within a broadly based centrally funded project initiated by the ...

This study investigated the range of perceptual simultaneity, within which listeners perceive two asynchronous tones as simultaneous, as a function of frequency separation and fundamental frequency of the tones. In the experiment used for this study, two pure tones were presented diotically with various asynchrony (-100 ms to 100 ms) and frequency separation (0.03-2.89 octaves). The listener's task was to judge whether these two pure tones were perceptually simultaneous or not. The resultant function of perceptual simultaneity range against frequency separation with fundamental frequency of 800 Hz was compared to that of 200 Hz. Both functions show V-shaped curvature: the perceptual simultaneity range decreased steeply and then increased gradually with increased frequency separation. The breakpoint of the V-shaped functions appeared at around the critical bandwidth. This breakpoint was predicted best by the Critical Bandwidth (CB) scale, rather than by Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth (ERB) or octave scales. These findings support the notion that the mechanics of cochlear basilar membrane motion affect the perception of simultaneity in close frequency separation.

Today's commercially available word processors allow people to write collaboratively in the cloud, both in the familiar asynchronous mode and now in synchronous mode as well. This opens up new ways of working together. We examined the data traces of collaborative writing behavior in student teams’ use of Google Docs to discover how they are writing together now. We found that student teams write both synchronously and asynchronously, take fluid roles in the writing and editing of the documents, and show a variety of styles of collaborative writing, including writing from scratch, beginning with an outline, pasting in a related example as a template to organize their own writing, and three more. We also found that the document serves as a place where they share a number of things not included in the final document, including links or references to related materials, the assignment requirements from the instructor, and informal discussions to coordinate the collaboration or to str...

A strong need for high-speed and low-power consumption devices seems inevitable due to the high speed of technological advancement in the field of microelectronics. Designers are highly interested in designing and making nanoscale devices. The Quantum Cellular Automaton (QCA) is known as one of these technologies, which makes it feasible to implement digital circuits with a high operating speed. In this paper a 4-bits counter, a 3-bits bidirectional counter, a 4-bits counter with a reset terminal, and a 4-bit counter with both set and reset terminals are designed using the proposed D-latch to demonstrate that these circuits function accurately in more complex circuits. According to the results, the area was respectively reduced by 8.33% and 15.38% with a 4.76% reduction in the delay rate in the proposed 4-bits counter and 3-bits bidirectional counter compared to the best previous designs. All the designs and simulation results is being done in the QCAPro and QCADesigner software.

One of the most important goals of electronic assessments is to achieve the smallest measurement error with tests that are as simple and short as possible. The psychological state of an examinee is typically ignored, both in the process of designing the tests and during the exam itself. Using the developed framework, we tested 35 participants in an experiment to obtain as much data as possible about the emotional states of the students depending on the different types of question posed. In this paper, we present our current results from an examination of the potential of using EEG data towards applying artificial intelligence for improvement of electronic assessments, as well as a technical platform for this purpose.

This chapter addresses the theme of interactive learning in higher education for distance and on-campus students. The authors focus on Asynchronous Digital Audio (ADA), which they define and place in context among media used in education. They review the literature on interaction in education and learning and discuss briefly five types: learner-content, learner-learner, learner-teacher, learner-interface, and teacher-content. The authors examine opportunities for and outcomes from using ADA for interactive learning by distance and on-campus students at the University of Leicester, where podcasting and voice boards have been introduced into the teaching of a range of subjects. With a simple model, they discuss designing explicit interactive tasks for learners and provide evidence from two case studies of ADA, one using podcasting, the other voice boards. With the same model, they also discuss implicit interactive tasks for learners, illustrated by evidence from a case study of podcasting. The authors recommend, based on their research and experience, further use of ADA with podcasts and voice boards for interactive learning. They discuss future research, such as: Can ADA's impact on students' performance be measured? How much extra time do students commit to using ADA? What does ADA cost? How does audio feedback spark student-tutor dialogues and what effects do these dialogues have? Can other disciplines benefit from using ADA and if so how? Are there advantages in using other voice tools such as voice e-mail and audio blogs to promote interactive learning? Further research is needed, although ADA interactive learning already offers much to learners at a distance and on-campus.

Distributed Federated Learning (DFL) extends federated learning from a single-server topology to broader graph-based coordination settings that may include multiple interacting aggregation nodes and, in some deployments, externally distributed training resources. While this broader topology improves scalability and flexibility, it also enlarges the poisoning attack surface across participants, aggregators, communication channels, and execution resources. This paper presents SecureDFL, a defense-in-depth framework for poisoning-resilient DFL. SecureDFL integrates authenticated communication, protected aggregation based on additive homomorphic encryption, trust-aware orchestration, multipoint validation, and reinforcement-learning-based mutation of resource mappings under a unified system design. The contribution of this work therefore lies in the integrated security architecture and its end-toend implementation for graph-based DFL, rather than in introducing a standalone cryptographic primitive. Experiments on benchmark datasets, seven threat-model-aligned poisoning scenarios, ablation studies, and a prototype-scale Kubernetes testbed show that SecureDFL preserves strong model performance under attack and substantially improves attack resilience relative to the evaluated baselines, achieving up to a 98.5% reduction in attack success rate in the reported settings with only modest additional overhead. These results support the practical feasibility of the proposed architecture, while the manuscript explicitly delineates its current limits regarding comprehensive collusion analysis, colluding trust manipulation, extremely heterogeneous non-IID conditions, and fully adaptive multi-stage attacks.

Flexible learning modalities have become an important pedagogical approach in the contemporary education particularly in the post-pandemic period where educational institutions are adopting online learning, blended learning and modular approaches as an alternative to ensure continuity of education. Despite the widespread implementation of flexible learning, existing studies reveal contradictory findings concerning its impact on student engagement; some highlighted improved learner autonomy and accessibility, whereas others indicate problems regarding motivation, participation and digital inequality. This systematic literature review aims to synthesize existing scholarly literature on flexible learning modalities and student engagement and identify the major themes, issues, and gaps in current research. The review utilized academic search engines and databases such as Scopus, ERIC, Google Scholar, Web of Science and ResearchGate to search for scholarly literature, to gather peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2026. Using clear inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 scholarly articles were selected and analyzed. Findings revealed that the flexible learning modalities provides significant positive learning opportunities for learner autonomy, accessibility and technology integration, when supported by proper instructional design and teacher facilitation. However, issues such as poor internet connectivity, absence of access to digital resources, decreased motivation, reduced interactivity in the classroom and learner fatigue are still present. The literature further provided practical implications for educators, curriculum designers and researchers to enhance the teaching practices of flexible learning delivery methods in the current education context. The review concludes that the effectiveness of flexible learning modalities in promoting student engagement depends on the quality of instructional practices, accessibility of technological resources, and the responsiveness of educational institutions to learners' needs.

In a conventional classroom setting, instructors rely on perceived engagement to adapt their teaching strategies. With some experience, they become adept at “reading the room,” but what each instructor understands by “engagement” will vary. When teaching online, engagement is assessed in less obvious ways, and it becomes important to be more precise about what is being assessed. In what follows, I will talk about what engagement parameters are measurable and give examples from three studies.

Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as perceções dos estudantes sobre o ambiente de aprendizagem online utilizado na instrução, em regime de b-learning e foi desenvolvido no contexto de duas unidades curriculares da área dos sistemas de informação do 1º ciclo de uma instituição de Ensino Superior portuguesa onde não existia experiência anterior da utilização de e-learning. Foi construído um ambiente de aprendizagem, suportado nas plataformas de comunicação assíncrona Moodle e síncrona Cisco WebEx, tendo a conceção da instrução privilegiado as estratégias orientadas para a aprendizagem centrada no estudante. Para responder às questões de investigação utilizou-se a técnica de inquérito por questionário. Os resultados revelam que os estudantes têm perceções positivas sobre o ambiente de aprendizagem online. Verificou-se uma forte correlação entre os aspetos relacionados com a conceção do ambiente de aprendizagem e o feedback, a interação, a gestão do tempo e a disponibilida...

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we present IOAgent, a tool that allows to generate synthetic workloads for parallel environments in a simple way. IOAgent has been implemented for Linux and takes into account different I/O characteristics like synchronous and asynchronous calls, buffered and unbuffered accesses, as well as different numbers of disks, intermediate buffers and number of agents simulating the workload. Second, we propose statistical models that help us to analyze the I/O behaviour of an IBM e-server OpenPower 710, with 4 SCSI drives. The observations used to build the model have been obtained using IOAgent.

Artikel ini mengkaji landasan teoretis media dan teknologi pembelajaran sebagai acuan dalam pengembangan dan penggunaan media dalam proses pendidikan. Tujuan penulisan adalah mendeskripsikan pengertian media pembelajaran, menguraikan landasan teoritis yang menopang media pembelajaran, menjelaskan pengertian teknologi pembelajaran beserta landasan teoritisnya, serta menganalisis hubungan antara media dan teknologi pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka (library research) dengan menganalisis berbagai sumber primer dan sekunder yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran adalah segala sesuatu yang menyampaikan pesan secara terencana untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang kondusif. Landasan teoritis media pembelajaran mencakup dimensi psikologis, teknologis, empiris, dan filosofis. Teknologi pembelajaran adalah teori dan praktik desain, pengembangan, pemanfaatan, pengelolaan, serta penilaian proses dan sumber belajar. Media dan teknologi pembelajaran memiliki hubungan yang tidak terpisahkan: media berperan sebagai alat penyampai pesan, sedangkan teknologi menjadi kerangka sistematis yang mengatur penggunaannya agar pembelajaran berlangsung efektif dan bermakna.

Given the global pandemic, educators at all levels have had to transition their teaching practices to remote environments. Teacher education faculty have had to consider not only how to shift their own teaching, but alsohow to prepare teacher candidates for their future teaching roles which may include instruction in a range ofmodalities (face-to-face, remote-synchronous, remote-asynchronous, hybrid). In this article, we propose thathigh-leverage practices (HLPs) can serve as a solid foundation for teacher preparation regardless of modality and offer five tips for how teacher educators can prepare candidates to use HLPs across modalities. A vignette which highlights two HLPs (i.e., establishing a consistent, organized, and respectful learning environment; and using strategies to promote active student engagement) is included to illustrate implementation of the tips.

Like Asynchrony, Mobility of faults precludes consensus. Yet, a model in which Consensus is solvable, has an analogue relaxed model in which Consensus is not solvable and for which we can ask, whether Consensus is solvable if the system initially behaves like the relaxed analogue model, but eventually morphs into . We consider two relaxed analogues of . The first is the traditional Asynchronous model, and the second to be defined, the Mobile analogue. While for some we show that Consensus is not solvable in the Asynchronous analogue, it is solvable in all the Mobile analogues. Hence, from this perspective Mobility is superior to Asynchrony. The pie in the sky relationship we envision is: Consensus is solvable in , if and only if binary Commit-Adopt is solvable in the mobile analogue. The "only if" is easy. Here we show case by case that the "if" holds for all the common faults types.

An important issue in fault-tolerant a s y n c hronous computing is the respective power of an object type with respect to another object type. This question has received a lot of attention, mainly in the context of the consensus problem where a major advance has been the introduction of the consensus number notion that allows ranking the synchronization power of base object types (atomic registers, queues, test&set objects, compare&swap objects, etc.) with respect to the consensus problem. This has given rise to the well-known Herlihy's hierarchy. Due to its very de nition, the consensus number notion is irrelevant f o r studying the respective p o wer of object types that are too weak to solve consensus for an arbitrary number of processes (these objects are usually called subconsensus objects). Considering an asynchonous system made up of n processes prone to crash, this paper addresses the power of such object types, namely, the k-test&set object type, the k-set agreement object type, and the adaptive M-renaming object type for M = 2p ; d p k e and M = min(2p ; 1 p + k ; 1), where p n is the number of processes that want to acquire a new name. It investigates their respective p o wer stating the necessary and su cient conditions to build objects of any o f these types from objects of any o f t h e other types. More precisely, t h e paper shows that (1) these object types de ne a strict hierarchy when k 6 = 1 n ; 1, (2) they all are equivalent when k = n ; 1, and (3) they all are equivalent except k-set agreement that is stronger when k = 1 6 = n ; 1 (a side e ect of these results is that that the consensus number of the renaming problem is 2.)

This paper reports the results of a study aimed to establish whether the amount and types of conflicts vary in all male, all female and mixed gender groups working in asynchronous collaborative learning online settings. Sixty psychology majors were divided into three groups conducted online by the same teacher. The study show that the levels of participation in the three groups varied in relation to gender composition. Further the results evidenced all female group did have more conflicts then male and mixed groups, but primarily they did not have interpersonal. The female groups´ conflicts seem to be related to goal-oriented process of work.

This work adheres to the recommendations for publication in three steps (Marin-Garcia, 2021). We propose a protocol to develop research the objective of which is to analyze the needs and challenges, as perceived by university lecturers, related to teaching, learning, or assessing competencies related to the innovative capacity of students in an array of digital remote teaching contexts. In this sense, we want to consider situations where teachers watch their students interact with each other. The interaction between students can occur face-to-face or remotely and, in the latter case, either synchronous or asynchronous. In addition, teacher observation can be done synchronously (face-to-face or remotely) or by watching a previously recorded video.

A major impediment to the adoption of Negotiation and group support systems is that they are often developed as stand-alone applications and do not seamlessly integrate with tools that use everyday work process. In this paper, we discuss a group and negotiation support system that is embedded with work productivity tools and tools that support synchronous and asynchronous information exchange. Using a case study, we illustrate that the overhead involved in the use of GDNSS can be considerably reduced with our approach to integrating them with work processes.

This study investigates the structural, cognitive, and socio-emotional impacts of deploying the flipped classroom pedagogical model within secondary and undergraduate sociology education. Traditional lecture-based delivery methodologies in the social sciences frequently replicate what Paulo Freire termed the "banking model" of education, rendering students passive consumers of systemic data rather than active analysts of social structures. By shifting direct instruction-such as foundational social theories, definitions, and macrodemographic data-to asynchronous digital spaces prior to face-to-face sessions, the flipped classroom model reclaims physical classrooms for high-order collaborative analysis, sociodemographic data manipulation, and structural critique.This research evaluates a defined target population of upper-secondary social science students (.N = 1,200.) across premium international schools in Ghana. Utilizing a mixed-methods, quasi-experimental research architecture tracking multiple student cohorts over a full academic year, a definitive sample size of .n = 320. participants was selected via stratified purposive sampling from three target schools: GIU International Christian Academy (Golf City), Tema International School (Tema), and Legacy Girls' International School (Dodowa). The sample was distributed equally into an Experimental Cohort (.n = 160.) and a Control Cohort (.n = 160.). Citing contemporary empirical literature on blended learning interventions (Kuš, 2025; O'Connor & Mensah, 2026), this study processes quantitative metrics using an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) alongside a thematic qualitative framework. The processed data demonstrates a statistically significant increase in high-order cognitive synthesis (.d = 0.82., .p < .001.) and a marked elevation in students' critical media literacy (.d = 0.91.). This indicates a profound expansion of the sociological imagination across the cohorts, allowing students to transition from descriptive accounts of inequality to systematic deconstructions of structural power.The paper details the explicit instructional design blueprints required to execute a flipped sociology track, addresses institutional barriers such as digital divides and student resistance, and offers evidence-based policy frameworks for mainstream curriculum integration.

This work presents a modular neural-network model (based on reinforcement-learning actor-critic methods) that tries to capture some of the most-relevant known aspects of the role that basal ganglia play in learning and selecting motor behavior related to different goals. In particular some simulations with the model show that basal ganglia selects "chunks" of behaviour whose "details" are specified by direct sensory-motor pathways, and how emergent modularity can help to deal with multiple behavioral tasks. A "top-down" approach is adopted. The starting point is the adaptive interaction of a (simulated) organism with the environment, and its capacity to learn. Then an attempt is made to implement these functions with neural architectures and mechanisms that have a neuroanatomical and neurophysiological empirical foundation.

Triplet synchrony is an interesting state when the phases and the frequencies of three coupled oscillators fulfill the conditions of a triplet locking, whereas every pair of systems remains asynchronous. Experimental observation of triplet synchrony is firstly realized in three coupled nonidentical mechanical metronomes. A more direct method based on the phase diagram is proposed to observe and determine triplet synchronization. Our results show that the stable triplet synchrony is observed in several intervals of the parameter space. Moreover, the experimental results are verified according to the theoretical model of the coupled metronomes. The outcomes are useful to understand the inner regimes of collective dynamics in coupled oscillators.

In this paper, we introduce a new framework to compute the Average Symbol Error Probability (ASEP) of an intended wireless communication system subject to network interference and noise. The interfering nodes are assumed to be randomly distributed in the 2D Euclidean plane according to a homogeneous Poisson point process. Our framework is applicable to performance prediction and optimization of, e.g., emerging heterogeneous cellular and cognitive radio networks. More specifically, we move from and generalize the semianalytical framework recently introduced by Pinto and Win [1], and develop a new mathematical model which offers a simple single-integral expression of the ASEP under very general channel and interference conditions. The framework is exact, avoids Monte Carlo methods for its computation, and is applicable to asynchronous and synchronous scenarios. Our numerical examples show that both setups have almost the same performance, and that the ASEP in the presence of synchronous interference is a very tight upper-bound of the ASEP in the presence of asynchronous interference. This is a relevant result, as we show in this paper that in the former case all parameters of interest can be computed in closed-form. Our analytical derivation is substantiated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations.

LLM serving systems increasingly move large tensors between host memory and GPU memory: model weights during cold start, KV-cache blocks during context reuse, and inactive states during multi-tenant scheduling. Today these transfers use the PCIe path attached to the destination GPU. On an eight-GPU server, this means one link is saturated while seven host-to-GPU links remain idle. VeloceIO exploits that asymmetry. Its core idea is simple: split a large host-to-device copy into chunks, send chunks through otherwise idle peer GPUs over their PCIe links, and assemble the payload on the target GPU over the faster intra-node P2P fabric. VeloceIO implements this idea below the application through CUDA runtime interposition, a bounded task scheduler, double-buffered relay copies, and a device-side stream barrier that preserves CUDA ordering without blocking the host thread. On an 8× NVIDIA H20 node, VeloceIO raises effective H2D bandwidth from 53 GB/s to 245 GB/s. In serving workloads, this reduces 128K-token context fetch latency from 5.10 s to 2.15 s and reduces 64GB model cold-start latency from 2.10 s to 0.88 s. A congestion-aware relay policy limits slowdown on co-located compute kernels to 2.7%.

Vehicular networks are characterized by a highly dynamic network topology, and disruptive and intermittent connectivity. In such network environments, a complete path from source to destination does not exist on the most part of the time. Vehicular delay-tolerant network (VDTN) architecture was introduced to deal with these connectivity constraints. VDTN assumes asynchronous, bundle-oriented communication, and a store-carry-and-forward routing paradigm. A routing protocol for VDTNs should make the best use of the tight resources available in network nodes to create a multi-hop path that exists over time. This paper proposes a VDTN routing protocol, called GeoSpray, which takes routing decisions based on geographical location data, and combines a hybrid approach between multiple-copy and singlecopy schemes. First, it starts with a multiple-copy scheme, spreading a limited number of bundle copies, in order to exploit alternative paths. Then, it switches to a forwarding scheme, which takes advantage of additional contact opportunities. In order to improve resources utilization, it clears delivered bundles across the network nodes. It is shown that GeoSpray improves significantly the delivery probability and reduces the delivery delay, compared to traditional location and non location-based single-copy and multiple-copy routing protocols.

Sequential and parallel composition are the most fundamental operators for incremental construction of complex concurrent systems. They reflect the temporal and respectively the spatial properties of these systems. Hiding temporal detail like internal computation steps supports temporal scalability and may turn an asynchronous system to a synchronous one. Hiding spatial detail like internal variables supports spatial scalability and may turn a synchronous system to an asynchronous one. In this paper we show on hand of several examples that a language explicitly supporting both sequential and parallel composition operators is a natural setting for designing heterogeneous synchronous and asynchronous systems. The language we use is Shrm, a visual language that backs up the popular and/or hierarchies of statecharts with a well defined compositional semantics.

Recent research in distributed cognition suggests that individual and group learning processes may not be mutually exclusive but are indeed inexorably bound. There is xii evidence, for instance, that the social mechanisms for individual learning have counterparts in group learning and vice versa. These social mechanisms may affect both the knowledge state of the individual and the knowledge state of the group, even though those knowledge states may not be remotely the same. To discover how those individual/group learning mechanisms operate, however, educators need some model or framework by which they can make sense of the seeming chaos of engineering discourse. They need some assurance that there are definable, classifiable ways in which problem-solving engineers interact. If they can know, that is, that some modes of cooperative behavior serve project teams more effectively than others, then educators may be able to give their students practice in the cognitive and communicative processes that empower not only the students themselves but also the groups in which the students work.

Internet users are increasingly mobile. Their hosts are often only intermittently connected to the Internet, due to the use of different access networks, gaps in wireless coverage or explicit user choice. When such hosts communicate using the standard Internet protocols, intermittent connectivity can significantly decrease performance and even cause connections to fail altogether. This demonstration visualizes the benefits of protocol enhancements that make Internet communication more tolerant to network disruptions. These enhancements significantly increase performance and avoid connection aborts in the presence of intermittent connectivity. 1

Brain-Based Instruction methods have become influential at almost all educational levels. This paper examined the extent to which Natural and Computational Sciences and Engineering instructors in Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions apply Brain-Based Instruction principles (i.e., relaxed alertness, orchestrated immersion, and active processing) in their learningteaching process. This paper used a descriptive survey research design with a concurrent mixed (quantitative and qualitative) methodology. A questionnaire was used to gather quantitative data from a random sample of 512 instructors (292 from Natural and Computational Sciences and 220 from Engineering). Qualitative data were gathered from six selected instructors (three from Natural and Computational Sciences and three from Engineering) via a semistructured interview. A pilot study was used to confirm the validity and reliability of the research instruments. Quantitative data were analyzed by standard univariate methods. Qualitative data were analyzed by thematic analysis. The findings depicted that limited implementation of Brain-Based Instruction principles. Furthermore, the study showed that Higher Diploma Program training and length of teaching experience positively influenced the use of Brain-Based Instruction principles. The paper discusses implications for Brain-Based Instruction in Ethiopia and suggests areas for future research.

Introduction: Large-scale asynchronous telemedicine networks can offer a unique opportunity for the acquisition of detailed epidemiological information if the data are acquired and handled in an appropriate way. In this work, an approach is presented for the integration of medical reports in the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DI-COM) Structured Reporting standard in telemedicine networks using structured vocabularies. Materials and Methods: The use of these structured vocabularies is extended beyond radiology, and a case study in telecardiology is presented. The approach was applied in the context of a real-world statewide public telemedicine network; nowadays on average 470 written electrocardiographic structured reports daily are being performed. Cardiologists provided more than 220,000 written structured reports, and these reports are stored into a central database. Results: This study was performed during a 12-month period, and it was possible to examine possible associations between a list of co-morbidities and cardiac risk factors with a diagnosis that indicates the presence of cardiac ischemia, cardiac injury, or possible necrosis by using DICOM Structured Reporting. Our application is responsible for coordinating the process of issuance of reports through various technologies and devices. The system works as a library in an HTTP server, which accesses information from studies in DICOM format from the database and from structured vocabularies. Conclusions: Results indicate that traceability of morbidity, diagnoses, and patient clinical information can be achieved, resulting in an efficient data mining-friendly framework. A multidevice application for Web-based and smartphone-based platforms showed that it is a viable solution for applying the DICOM Structured Reporting standard in telemedicine networks.

The advent of 5G and 6G networks introduces massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC), enabling millions of concurrent IoT devices to transmit telemetry data simultaneously[1]. A critical bottleneck in this infrastructure is the backend API gateway, which must ingest high-velocity data streams without succumbing to connection stalls or packet loss[2]. We propose a lightweight, highly concurrent API gateway architecture using Node.js and an in-memory adaptive batching mechanism. By decoupling standard direct-to-database write operations and using the asynchronous event loop, the system prioritizes connection stability and absolute data integrity. We stress-tested the architecture under simulated 5G mMTC loads (5,000 concurrent connections). The results showed a 100% success rate, successfully processing over 250,000 telemetry records in 30 seconds with zero dropped packets, This proves that in-memory buffering is a viable solution for reliable telecommunication backends.

This paper, Architecting Highly Reliable Payment Pipelines: An Empirical Study of Idempotency and Dead-Letter Queue Strategies, investigates the design and operational effectiveness of resilient payment processing systems in distributed architectures. The study focuses on two critical reliability mechanisms-idempotency and dead-letter queue (DLQ) strategies-to address challenges such as duplicate transactions, message loss, and system failures. Through empirical analysis of real-world payment workflows and simulated failure scenarios, the research evaluates how idempotent request handling ensures exactly-once processing semantics, while DLQs provide robust mechanisms for isolating, monitoring, and reprocessing failed transactions. The findings demonstrate that a well-architected combination of idempotency keys, retry policies, and DLQ-based error handling significantly enhances system reliability, reduces financial inconsistencies, and improves operational observability. The paper further presents best practices, architectural patterns, and performance trade-offs, offering actionable insights for designing scalable, fault-tolerant payment pipelines in modern event-driven and microservices-based systems. Keywords:-Payment pipelines, payment processing systems, transaction processing, distributed systems, and financial systems architecture, along with core reliability concepts such as high reliability, fault tolerance, system resilience, reliability engineering, failure handling, and error recovery. Important mechanisms explored in the study include idempotency, idempotent operations, idempotency keys, exactly-once processing, and duplicate transaction prevention, as well as messaging and queuing strategies like dead-letter queues (DLQ), message queues, event-driven architecture, asynchronous processing, and message retry mechanisms. The paper also

This paper establishes a framework based on logic and automata theory in which to model and automatically verify that multiple mobile robots, with sensing abilities, moving asynchronously, correctly perform their tasks. The motivation is from practical scenarios in which the environment is not completely know to the robots, e.g., physical robots exploring a maze, or software agents exploring a hostile network. The framework shows how to express tasks in a logical language, and exhibits an algorithm solving the parameterised verification problem, where the graphs are treated as the parameter. The main assumption that yields decidability is that the robots take a bounded number of turns. We prove that dropping this assumption results in undecidability, even for robots with very limited ("local") sensing abilities.

This topic covers innovative aspects as well as improvements in already known techniques in algorithms, programming models, design methods and languages that relate to the development of parallel programs. In the call-for-papers, we stressed several innovative aspects including novel techniques to assemble parallel software from reusable parallel components or from existing sequential code without compromising efficiency, and techniques to adapt parallel software to available resources as well as to the features of the problem being solved. A total

To achieve effective distributed components, we rely on an active object model, from which we build asynchronous and distributed components that feature the capacity to exhibit various valuable properties, as confluence and determinism, and for which we can specify the behaviour. We will emphasise how important it is to rely on a precise and formal programming model, and how practical component systems can benefit from theoretical inputs.

A longitudinal mediated asynchronous procedural experimental study is presented, the purpose of which is to demonstrate the correlation between the discourse and communication translation model and the translation strategy. Subjects’ retrospective self- and peer commentaries are analyzed. It is shown that the subjects’ evaluation of translation solutions implemented in the target text is based on their own translations and translating objectives, as reflected both in the self- and peer commentaries. The following translation dominants are revealed by the experiment: target text audience (recipient); source text style; source text type (genre), target text type (genre); individual linguistic features of the target text; discourse goals; discourse nodal points; discourse values; communication functions; typical properties of communication; and communication strategies. It is demonstrated that the discourse and communication translation model has a positive effect on the consistency an...

Our presented idea is to integrate artificial neural network (probably of BICA type) with a real biological network (ideally in the future with the human brain) in order to extend or enhance cognitive-and sensory-capabilities (e.g. by associating existing and artificial sensory inputs). We propose to design such neuro-module using Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) which is a biologically-inspired model of the mammalian neocortex. A complex task of contextual anomaly detection was chosen as our case-study, where we evaluate capabilities of a HTM module on a specifically designed synthetic dataset and propose improvements to the anomaly model. HTM is framed within other common AI/ML approaches and we conclude that HTM is a plausible and useful model for designing a direct brain-extension module and draft a design of a neuromorphic interface for processing asynchronous inputs. Outcome of this study is the practical evaluation of HTM's capabilities on the designed synthetic anomaly dataset, a review of problems of the HTM theory and the current implementation, extended with suggested interesting research direction for the future.

An area that has recently attracted increasing attention is providing feedback on learners’ writing accuracy through the Internet. However, research in this area has largely focused on synchronous communication, i.e., chatting, with fewer studies assessing asynchronous technologies, i.e., e-mailing. Therefore, this study investigates the effectiveness of asynchronous computer-mediated corrective feedback-explicit and implicit, on increasing the correct use of prepositions. Forty-five Iranian elementary EFL learners at the ILI in Tehran were randomly assigned to two experimental groups, receiving explicit and implicit corrective feedback respectively, and one control group receiving no corrective feedback. Each group included 15 participants. After the treatment, a post-test was administered to assess the probable increase in the correct use of prepositions for the experimental groups compared to the control group. Analysis of the results through a one-way ANOVA revealed that the exp...

RESUMO -Este artigo tem por objetivo fazer uma discussão teórica sobre o uso de tecnologia na educação. Para isso, divide-se em três tópicos: "A tecnologia e o coronavírus" "Educação e tecnologia" e "Considerações finais". O estudo situa-se em um momento histórico de pandemia, após a determinação de calamidade pública mundial pela presença do coronavírus. A escola, instituição que acompanha as mudanças da sociedade e é responsável pela construção e pela socialização do conhecimento, passou por uma transformação, assumindo com urgência o ensino a distância, também chamado de ensino remoto. A epistemologia do pensamento complexo problematizará as mudanças causadas pela tecnologia durante esse período de pandemia. Como conclusão, é possível ver que ambas as modalidades podem reproduzir velhos conceitos ou possibilitar a criação de conceitos novos. É necessário haver uma discussão constante sobre qual é o real sentido da educação.

Building reliable distributed object-based systems is challenging. The work presented in this dissertation investigates two approaches to address some of these challenges: logical and linguistic. The first part of the dissertation presents a equational theory of may testing equivalence for asynchronous calculi with locality and no name matching. Name matching, which is similar to pointer comparison in imperative languages, is considered a harmful feature that prevents useful program transformations. A trace-based characterization of may testing is provided for a version of asynchronous π-calculus with locality and no name matching (called Lπ). Trace based characterizations simplify reasoning about equivalence of pairs of processes. Using the characterization, a complete axiomatization for the finitary fragment of the calculi is presented. The first part of the dissertation extends the may testing results to the Actor model of distributed object-based computation. The Actor model has been an inspiring model of distributed object-based computation for two decades. This part of the dissertation gives an overview of the Actor model and presents Aπ, a formalization of the Actor model as a typed asynchronous π-calculus. The type system imposes a certain discipline on the use of names to capture actor properties such as uniqueness and persistence. The notion of may testing in Aπ and a trace based characterization of Aπare then investigated. This characterization is compared with that of asynchronous π-calculus, and the differences that arise due to actor properties are highlighted. Even though the Actor model provides a strong foundation for distributed object based computation, its limited coordination capabilities make specification of coordination logics very difficult. To make up for this limitation, the second part of this dissertation presents SynchNet, a compositional meta-level language for coordination of distributed objects that is based on Petri Nets. Its design is based on the principle of separation of concerns, namely separation of the coordination from computational aspects. SynchNet can be used in combination with any object-based language iii capable of expressing sequential behavior of objects. Working towards a Ph.D. has been the most ambitious and challenging project of my life. Going through all these years in the graduate school would not have been possible without the help of many people, to whom I wish to express my gratitude. First and foremost, I am grateful to my advisor, Professor Gul Agha, for his advice and kind support in all stages of the Ph.D program. I thank him because of the way he influenced my research philosophy. He taught me how to balance idealism versus pragmatism in research. I would also like to thank him for his support through the times of personal difficulties. My gratitude goes to the members of my defense committee, professors Mahesh Viswanathan, Jose Meseguer, Michael Loui, and Paul Schupp for their interest in my work and for their useful feedback. Particularly, I would like to thank professor Viswanathan for rekindling the joy of working on formal methods at a time that I was discouraged to pursue this discipline. Our collaboration lead to most of my results in Modal Logics. I would also like to thank professors Jose Meseguer and Michael Loui, not only for their constructive remarks on my dissertation, but also for their unparalleled disciplined and meticulous research attitude that has been an inspiration to me. I am also greatly thankful to Professor Mehdi Harandi whose support in the first year of graduate school helped me go through the difficult process of adjusting to a new and challenging environment. I would always remember his and his wife, Farideh, for their personal support throughout all these years. I would like to thank my colleagues and friends in the department of computer science who in one way or other kept me motivated all along and helped me realize that research is more effective as a group activity. I would like to thank Cesare Tinelli who was not only a great friend but also a great teacher. It was from him that I learned the fundamental meaning of logic and formal methods, which later became my main occupation. I will always remember all the pleasant nights vi we spent in Chicago restaurants with him and his wife Ana. I would also like to thank my colleague Prasanna Thati. Most of the first half of this dissertation is the result of collaboration with him. I am also grateful to all my peers in the department of computer science, especially Gloria Rendon, Duane Searsmith, and Joshua Kaplan. The Open System Laboratory was my research home for over six years. During this time I worked with many people who also made the times at OSL memorable. In particular, I would like to thanks

In this paper we study and analyze multiple-shift algorithms in the context of ultrawideband radio frame timehopping CDMA system (UWB-FTH-CDMA). In our analysis we consider major sources of noise, namely multiaccess interference and the additive white Gaussian noise. For multiaccess interference we consider a model in which mutual interference due to each user is based on frame asynchronous but half-chip synchronous. Since simple serial-search is a special case of the multiple-shift algorithm, we can analyze the advantage of multiple-shift algorithm. It is shown that multiple-shift algorithm is superior than simple serial-search algorithm in reducing the required average acquisition time by the square root of average acquisition time of the simple serial-search algorithm.

We present a methodology, called Constraint Partition and Coordinated Reaction (CP&CR), where a problem solution emerges from the evolving computational process of a group of diverse, interacting, and well-coordinated reactive agents. Problem characteristics are utilized to achieve problem solving by asynchronous and well coordinated local interactions. The coordination mechanisms guide the search space exploration by the society of interacting agents, facilitating rapid convergence to a solution. Our domain of problem solving is constraint satisfaction. We have applied the methodology to job shop scheduling with non-relaxable time windows, an NP-complete constraint satisfaction problem. Utility of different types of coordination information in CP&CR was investigated. In addition, experimental results on a benchmark suite of problems show that CP~CR performed considerably well as compared to other centralized search scheduling techniques, in both computa.tional cost and number of problems solved.