Broken Windows Theory

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre los contextos y las condiciones físicas de los espacios urbanos en que se desenvuelve la violencia en el puerto. A través de la fotografía se pretende responder a la cuestión sobre cuáles son los contextos en los que desarrolla la violencia en los espacios urbanos de Acapulco, y el efecto de la intervención estatal para reducir la delincuencia. El estudio permite ampliar las posibilidades de análisis de la violencia urbana desde un enfoque cualitativo. El análisis se basa en las fotografías obtenidas en los recorridos de campo de los cinco polígonos intervenidos por el PRONAPRED, y se enfoca en los contextos y los factores de riesgo y de protección (seguridad ciudadana).Se recurre a la teoría de las incivilidades o ventanas rotas para aproximarse a las relaciones entre los conceptos de espacio urbano, desorden y violencia.The aim of this study is to reflect about contexts and the physical conditions in urban areas in which violence ...

This study examines the effectiveness of community policing in Area 3, Lilongwe, Malawi, through a mixed-methods analysis of resident perceptions and police experiences. Using a quantitative survey (N=62) and qualitative interviews with police officers (n=8), the research evaluates key dimensions of policing including crime reduction, satisfaction, trust, and police conduct. Findings reveal a generally positive perception of community policing, particularly regarding enhanced community safety (63% agreement). However, a "trust gap" was identified; while police officers view increased crime reporting as a sign of success, over 30% of residents remain skeptical due to inconsistent protection. Integrating Broken Windows and Social Disorganization theories, the study argues that while proactive strategies have improved the "feeling" of safety, institutional legitimacy requires more consistent service delivery across all sub-communities.

As the landscape of technology changes, businesses are seeking the best ways to incorporate on-the-go learning into educating employees. Recognizing this, when using mobile education for knowledge transfer it is beneficial to look at companies successfully implementing such training and what they are doing in terms of utilizing innovation and newest trends of on-the-go learning. The purpose of this article is to offer a snapshot of what is on the forefront of mobile learning and the organizations putting these approaches into practice.

Informed by the Broken Window Theory, this study investigated the incidence of crime in the Wa Municipality of Ghana and its implications for policy and crime management planning. The study employed an exploratory sequential mixed method for data collection in four communities within the Wa Municipality, namely, Dondoli, Bamahu, Mangu, and Kumbiehe. The methods of data collection included Focus Group Discussion (FDGs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and a Survey of 180 households. The result showed that stealing (theft), burglary, robbery, banditry and illegal abortion were the common crimes in the Municipality. For crime management planning, the study recommends that community participation should be strengthened through revitalization of Neighbourhood Watch Committees (NWC) in the communities for effective crime prevention and management.

Informed by the Broken Window Theory, this study investigated the incidence of crime in the Wa Municipality of Ghana and its implications for policy and crime management planning. The study employed an exploratory sequential mixed method for data collection in four communities within the Wa Municipality, namely, Dondoli, Bamahu, Mangu, and Kumbiehe. The methods of data collection included Focus Group Discussion (FDGs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and a Survey of 180 households. The result showed that stealing (theft), burglary, robbery, banditry and illegal abortion were the common crimes in the Municipality. For crime management planning, the study recommends that community participation should be strengthened through revitalization of Neighbourhood Watch Committees (NWC) in the communities for effective crime prevention and management.

Informed by the Broken Window Theory, this study investigated the incidence of crime in the Wa Municipality of Ghana and its implications for policy and crime management planning. The study employed an exploratory sequential mixed method for data collection in four communities within the Wa Municipality, namely, Dondoli, Bamahu, Mangu, and Kumbiehe. The methods of data collection included Focus Group Discussion (FDGs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and a Survey of 180 households. The result showed that stealing (theft), burglary, robbery, banditry and illegal abortion were the common crimes in the Municipality. For crime management planning, the study recommends that community participation should be strengthened through revitalization of Neighbourhood Watch Committees (NWC) in the communities for effective crime prevention and management.

Özet Bu makale, Giuliani döneminde, New York şehrinde suç oranlarındaki ani düşüşün sebeplerini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, bu dönemde ortaya koyulan suç önleme stratejilerinin nasıl uygulandığını ve ne sonuçlar elde edildiğini irdelemeye çalışmaktadır. Polisiye önlemlerin doğrudan suçu azalttığını iddia etmek zor olsa da, polisin, bilimsel araştırmaların da desteğiyle, daha etkin, şeffaf ve hesap verebilen bir anlayışla hizmet verdiğini ve bunun suçu önlemede pozitif katkı sağladığını söylemek mümkündür.

Excerpt] Over 2 million American workers are victims of workplace violence every year, with the most common type of workplace violence crime being assault. There are various types of incident faced by different establishments. And even though private companies, over-all, face the least number of violence incidents, it’s a growing trend that needs immediate attention. Workplace violence is a serious concern for workers’ mental health and well-being in high risk work sectors, and can also affect the organization adversely. Workplace aggression is a stressor at the workplace that relates to a range of physical, psychological and behavioral strains. For instance, incidents of nonfatal assaults at the workplace can result in various types of physical injuries, ranging from bruising to concussions. Psychological consequences include anger, fear, anxiety, stress, frustration, and symptoms of post-traumatic-stress-disorder. Moreover, reduced work functioning, as a behavioral consequence rel...

Kentler dünya nüfusunun çoğunluğuna ev sahipliği yapan heterojen birliktelikler olarak günümüzün ve geleceğin en önemli yaşam alanlarıdır. Dünyanın geleceği açısından sıklıkla gündeme gelen sürdürülebilirlik yaklaşımları kentleri insanların yaşam kalitesini arttırma amacı ile düzenleme arayışı içerisindedir. Sürdürülebilir bir kentin en önemli unsurlarından birisi ise kentsel güvenliktir. İhtiyaç hiyerarşisinin ilk basamağı olan güvenlik unsuru kentlerdeki heterojen yapı içerisinde daha büyük bir önem kazanmaktadır. İnsanlar özel alandan kamusal alana doğru güvenlik ihtiyacı ile daha az ilgili hale geldiğinden dolayı makro düzeyde güvenlik sağlanması bireylerden ziyade kurumların misyonu haline gelmektedir.

Kentsel suçu kaynağında önlemek daha büyük bir güvenlik sorununun ortaya çıkmasını önlemek için en önemli unsurlardan birisidir. Suç ekolojisi teorilerinde sıklıkla referans verilen kırık pencereler teorisinin kentsel güvenlik bağlamında ele alındığında kentsel alanda düzeltilmeyen küçük bir suç unsurunun kısa sürede büyük bir kentsel güvenlik zaafına yol açabildiği bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda suç mahalline en yakın yönetim birimleri olan yerel yönetimlere, kentlerin güvenliğinin sağlanmasında önemli yetkiler ve kaynaklar devredilmeye başlanmıştır. Aynı zamanda yerel yönetimler ve kolluk teşkilatları arasında eşgüdüm sağlanması için önemli mekanizmalar oluşturulmaya başlanmıştır.

1994 – 2001 yılları arasında New York belediye başkanlığı görevini yürüten Rudy Giuliani yönetimi uyguladığı sıfır tolerans (zero tolererance) politikası ile en fazla suç oranına sahip kentlerden birisinde suç oranları büyük miktarda düşüş göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada yerel yönetimlerin kentsel güvenliğin sağlanmasındaki önemli rolünü bu alandaki en başarılı örneklerden birisi olarak kabul edilen Rudy Giuliani dönemi New York kenti üzerinden değerlendirilecektir. İstatistiki veriler ışığında Giuliani dönemi, öncesi ve sonrasındaki suç oranları ve yöntemleri karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilecektir.

Tourism activities inherently require safe and secure environments. The Broken Windows Theory puts forward the notion that, in time, small-scale disorders in the region transform into major crimes. These disorders could also hinder tourism activities by paving the way for the convenient condition of crime and creating fear of offense among prospective visitors. In this study, Kadifekale in the province of İzmir which has the potential of being part of a cultural route is evaluated through the Broken Windows Theory. Within the scope of this study, the physical and social disorder around the castle, fear of crime, and fear of visit were investigated through Partial Least Squares based Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to reveal whether they have impacts on the intention to visit and recommendation. Fear of visit which is predominantly shaped by perceived disorders and fear of crime causes negative impacts on the intentions of potential tourists.

Little is known about place attachment in the Balkans. This study aims to start filling this gap. After a contextualization of place attachment studies in the Balkans and its relevance for research and practice, a brief review of theory is offered. Then the methodology of the empirical part of the study is clarified. Over 300 citizens living in seven different neighborhoods of Tirana have been interviewed on place attachment issues such as sense of belonging, familiarity, self-identification and neighborhood experience. The results of the empirical study show that place attachment in Tirana is quite positive. The findings and analysis indicate that place attachment indicators do not vary significantly according to educational level, gender and age, but do correlate with length of residence. It also appeared that place attachment indicators are higher in well-established neighborhoods compared to the new high-rise areas. The study concludes with recommendations for follow-up research, specifically qualitative research on citizens' meanings of place attachment and study on place attachment related to responsible behavior.

Tourism activities inherently require safe and secure environments. The Broken Windows Theory puts forward the notion that, in time, small-scale disorders in the region transform into major crimes. These disorders could also hinder tourism activities by paving the way for the convenient condition of crime and creating fear of offense among prospective visitors. In this study, Kadifekale in the province of İzmir which has the potential of being part of a cultural route is evaluated through the Broken Windows Theory. Within the scope of this study, the physical and social disorder around the castle, fear of crime, and fear of visit were investigated through Partial Least Squares based Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to reveal whether they have impacts on the intention to visit and recommendation. Fear of visit which is predominantly shaped by perceived disorders and fear of crime causes negative impacts on the intentions of potential tourists.

Little is known about place attachment in the Balkans. This study aims to start filling this gap. After a contextualization of place attachment studies in the Balkans and its relevance for research and practice, a brief review of theory is offered. Then the methodology of the empirical part of the study is clarified. Over 300 citizens living in seven different neighborhoods of Tirana have been interviewed on place attachment issues such as sense of belonging, familiarity, self-identification and neighborhood experience. The results of the empirical study show that place attachment in Tirana is quite positive. The findings and analysis indicate that place attachment indicators do not vary significantly according to educational level, gender and age, but do correlate with length of residence. It also appeared that place attachment indicators are higher in well-established neighborhoods compared to the new high-rise areas. The study concludes with recommendations for follow-up research, specifically qualitative research on citizens' meanings of place attachment and study on place attachment related to responsible behavior.

This article intervenes in discussions about the circulation of policing knowledge and the politics of expertise. As part of a broader conversation about transnational reconfigurations of state power, critical scholars have drawn attention to the influence of global policing "models" and "pri-vate" experts in shaping policy. They show how such figures and forms of knowhow symbolically enforce urban order and dispossess marginalized communities under conditions of neoliberal crisis. While incisive, these approaches can unduly portray expert authority as boundless and unassail-able. This article argues that a sustained theoretical engagement with questions about controversies and failure opens up fruitful avenues to unsettle the perceived smoothness, inevitability, and omnipotence of experts in relation to politics and governing. Drawing on insights from actor-network theory (ANT), it situates deference to global experts as interventions that seek to enact and police the terms of "reality" concerning urban order. This approach allows us to better understand how such interventions work but also how they misfire and come undone. These claims are developed through a close reading of UK Prime Minister David Cameron's attempt to solicit policy advice from renowned global "supercop" William Bratton in the aftermath of the 2011 England riots. The riots that swept across England in August 6-11, 2011, began following a protest over the police killing of Mark Duggan, a Black British man, outside a police station in Tottenham. They later spread to other parts of London, as well as Birmingham, Nottingham, West Bromwich, Bristol, Liverpool, Wolverhampton, Manchester, and Salford. These events took place alongside the rollout of a vicious austerity program and amidst rising public concerns about an increasingly racialized, violent, and unaccountable police posture. This article is concerned with the riots' aftermath and one aspect in particular. Once order was restored, then UK prime minister David Cameron called for the adoption of US anti-gang approaches. He appealed to global "supercop" William Bratton, chairman of the private security consulting firm Kroll Associates and closely associated with the "broken windows" theory of criminality and "zero tolerance" policing. On the face of it, this move was hardly new or even noteworthy at all. Bratton is cited as the "living incarnation of penal rigor" (Wacquant 2008, 57), and broken windows/zero tolerance are celebrated as global "models" or "best practices" in policing (Harcourt 2001). These models have been adopted around the world but with particular enthusiasm in England and Wales (Mawby 2008, 33), where state officials have engaged with US anticrime experts (including Bratton) since the 1990s (Jones and Newburn

Problemem, podjętym w artykule jest kwestia aspektów społecznych i przestrzennych oraz ich wpływ na bezpieczeństwo przestrzeni wielkomiejskich. Zagadnienie badano, posługując się przykładem problemów wielkiego amerykańskiego miasta, którym jest Chicago. Zdecydowano się wykorzystać przypadek Chicago ze względu na to, że ten ośrodek podziela problemy innych dużych (amerykańskich) miast, jednocześnie będąc kolebką współczesnej myśli na temat związków pomiędzy przestrzenią i poziomem przestępczości, takich jak chicagowska szkoła ekologii społecznej. Z drugiej strony należy podkreślić, że Chicago stało się miejscem narodzin unikatowych rozwiązań w zakresie ograniczania przestępczości, realizując specyficzny rodzaj community policing, czyli strategię CAPS, i wiążąc ją z koncepcją zapobiegania przestępczości poprzez projektowanie środowiskowe (CPTED). Artykuł składa się z czterech części. W pierwszej z nich przedstawiono pokrótce koncepcje, dotyczące związków pomiędzy ukształtowaniem przestrzeni a poziomem przestępczości, kładące nacisk na znaczenie czynnika społecznego; w sposób szczególny zwrócono uwagę na dorobek Jane Jacobs, stanowiący fundament, na którym oparto rozwijane przez jej następców teorie. W drugiej części tekstu skoncentrowano się na znaczeniu nieformalnej kontroli społecznej, omawiając szerzej założenia „przestrzeni obronnej” Oscara Newmana. Z kolei w części trzeciej przeanalizowano założenia koncepcji środowiskowego zapobiegania przestępczości (CPTED) pierwszej i drugiej generacji, podkreślając znaczenie czynników społecznych. Część czwarta to studium przypadku Chicago, w której zwrócono uwagę na przestępczość, która stanowi duży problem dla władz miasta oraz przedstawiono sposoby jej zwalczania. Artykuł kończy zestawienie wniosków.