Community Resilience

Education remains a vital instrument for individual empowerment and societal development. However, the achievement of educational goals is often threatened by social challenges such as communal conflict. This study examined the influence of communal conflict on the educational attainment of secondary school students in Adadama Community, Abi Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study investigated the causes of communal conflict, its effects on school attendance and academic performance, its impact on educational facilities, and measures for mitigating its negative consequences on education. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study population comprised 480 respondents, including secondary school students and teachers, from which a sample of 120 respondents was selected using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire titled Influence of Communal Conflict on Educational Attainment Questionnaire (ICEAQ) and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, and mean scores. Findings revealed that land ownership disputes, boundary disagreements, competition for scarce resources, political interests, and ineffective conflict resolution mechanisms were the major causes of communal conflict in Adadama Community. The study further established that communal conflict significantly affects school attendance, academic performance, educational facilities, and learning resources. Respondents also identified peace education, strengthened security, effective conflict resolution mechanisms, community dialogue, and rehabilitation of damaged school infrastructure as viable measures for reducing the educational consequences of communal conflict. The study concluded that communal conflict has a substantial negative effect on the educational attainment of secondary school students and recommended collaborative efforts among government agencies, community leaders, educational stakeholders, and security institutions to promote peace and safeguard education in conflict-prone communities.

Kesehatan mental telah menjadi salah satu isu yang mendapatkan perhatian besar dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, terutama pada kalangan remaja dan dewasa muda. Menurut World Health Organization, satu dari tujuh remaja di dunia mengalami gangguan mental berupa stres, kecemasan, maupun depresi yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan (WHO, 2025). Perkembangan teknologi digital, meningkatnya penggunaan media sosial, serta budaya produktivitas yang semakin kuat turut memberikan tekanan tambahan bagi generasi muda. Kondisi tersebut tidak hanya terjadi pada masyarakat secara umum, tetapi juga dialami oleh mahasiswa yang sedang berada pada fase transisi menuju kehidupan dewasa. Mahasiswa merupakan kelompok yang menghadapi berbagai tuntutan dalam kehidupannya. Selain dituntut untuk mencapai prestasi akademik yang baik, banyak mahasiswa juga aktif dalam organisasi kemahasiswaan yang mengharuskan mereka menjalankan berbagai tanggung jawab kepemimpinan, pengabdian, maupun kegiatan sosial. Tidak sedikit pula mahasiswa yang harus bekerja sambil kuliah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi pribadi atau membantu keluarga. Kondisi tersebut menuntut kemampuan manajemen waktu yang baik agar mahasiswa mampu menyeimbangkan aktivitas akademik, organisasi, pekerjaan, dan kehidupan pribadi secara bersamaan. Ketika tuntutan tersebut tidak dapat dikelola dengan baik, mahasiswa berisiko mengalami stres, kelelahan emosional, hingga penurunan kesejahteraan psikologis. Di samping tekanan akademik dan ekonomi, mahasiswa juga menghadapi tantangan dalam membangun hubungan interpersonal. Pada fase dewasa awal, individu mulai berupaya membangun relasi pertemanan yang lebih luas, memperkuat jaringan sosial, serta menjalin hubungan romantis yang lebih serius. Konflik dalam hubungan pertemanan maupun percintaan dapat menjadi sumber tekanan psikologis yang memengaruhi kondisi emosional mahasiswa. Tidak jarang kegagalan dalam hubungan, perasaan kesepian, atau kurangnya dukungan sosial menyebabkan mahasiswa mengalami kecemasan dan kehilangan motivasi dalam menjalani aktivitas sehari-hari. Tekanan lain yang semakin banyak dialami mahasiswa saat ini adalah kecemasan terhadap masa depan. Fenomena yang dikenal sebagai quarter-life crisis sering muncul

As global life expectancies reach unprecedented milestones, the focus of public health and business governance must expand from merely extending lifespan to actively optimizing healthspan. Professionals, educators and researchers regularly face high cognitive demands, persistent screen exposure and hectic schedules that accelerate daily fatigue and physical wear. This paper introduces "The Inside-Out Longevity Protocol"-a straightforward, low-friction framework designed to protect daily energy, focus and physical presentation. By isolating two clear variables (dermal fatigue countermeasures and metabolic energy stabilization), this protocol provides an actionable methodology for personal wellbeing. To scale this model across international borders without traditional operational friction, we integrate a proprietary, dual-layered Artificial Intelligence infrastructure alongside a specialized regional market entry strategy. This comprehensive campaign is currently being deployed globally, aligning with the foundational mission to build the healthiest family on Earth.

Social enterprises pursue social, environmental, and financial goals, but balancing them can be challenging. Geography influences how these goals are prioritized, yet comparative studies of rural and urban social enterprise sustainability are limited. This study examines these rural-urban differences among UK social enterprises. Using data from 2,402 businesses from the UK's Longitudinal Small Business Survey (2017, 2019, 2022) and non-linear decomposition analysis, the results highlight that rural social enterprises demonstrate stronger environmental commitments than urban counterparts. However, there were no significant differences in social and financial objectives between rural and urban businesses, and similar levels of these business goals across locations. Based on the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework and the contextual embeddedness perspective, the results highlight the influence of geographical context and organizational characteristics on social enterprise TBL strategies. Given the unique features of different locations, our results point to the need for targeted policies that support urban social enterprises in overcoming barriers to environmental sustainability, and broader support for both rural and urban enterprises in achieving social and financial objectives. Fostering collaboration between rural and urban enterprises may further enhance knowledge-sharing, access to resources, and overall impact.

Tea smallholdings from the backbone of Sri Lanka's tea industry but face multiple interconnected challenges that constrain productivity and sustainability. This paper presents a diagnostic assessment of the economic, agronomic, environmental, and institutional barriers affecting smallholder tea cultivation. Key constraints include declining soil fertility, limited adoption of improved agronomic practices, rising input costs, labour shortages, and weak market bargaining power. Climate variability and land degradation further exacerbate production risks and income instability among smallholders. Drawing on stakeholder consultations, research evidence, and sector data, the paper identifies the underlying causes of declining yields and profitability. The diagnostic framework provides an evidence-based foundation for designing targeted interventions aimed at revitalizing smallholder production systems and improving long-term sustainability.

The frequency of floods in Jonglei State, Bor County of South Sudan has significantly increased in recent times due to climate change. Bor County has the highest frequency of floods, making this area highly vulnerable. We conducted a qualitative study in five Payams of Makuach, Anyidi, Baidit, Kolnyang and Jalle. A total of ten Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and twenty Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted. We used trained research assistants (moderator and note taker) to collect data. All research tools were initially translated to local Dinka language. All discussions were audio taped, and were transcribed verbatim before analysis. We explored both coping strategies and underlying causes of vulnerability. Data were analysed using latent content analysis through identifying codes from which basis categories were generated and grouped into themes. Results of the study show that the positive coping strategies used to deal with floods in Bor County included: adoption of good farming methods, support from government and other partners, livelihood diversification and using indigenous knowledge in weather forecasting and preparedness. Relocation was identified as unsustainable because people often returned back to high-risk areas due lack of public participation in decision making. The main causes of vulnerability were: poverty, lack of formal education, people inhabiting high risk areas, lack of formal education and knowledge on flood preparedness and, cultural beliefs affecting people's ability to cope. This study has revealed that deep rooted links to poverty, lack of formal education and low levels of knowledge on flood preparedness were responsible for failure to overcome the effects of floods in vulnerable areas of Bor County. However, support from the government and implementation partners was identified to be effective in enabling the community to reduce the negative effects of floods. This calls for high impact innovative interventions focused on addressing these underlying causes as well as public participation of all stakeholders in scaling

Perkembangan teknologi digital yang semakin pesat menuntut mahasiswa untuk memiliki kompetensi literasi digital yang baik. Literasi digital tidak hanya mencakup kemampuan menggunakan perangkat teknologi, tetapi juga kemampuan mencari, mengevaluasi, mengelola, dan memanfaatkan informasi secara efektif serta bertanggung jawab.

Perkembangan teknologi digital yang semakin pesat menuntut mahasiswa untuk memiliki kompetensi literasi digital yang baik. Literasi digital tidak hanya mencakup kemampuan menggunakan perangkat teknologi, tetapi juga kemampuan mencari, mengevaluasi, mengelola, dan memanfaatkan informasi secara efektif serta bertanggung jawab.

Perkembangan teknologi digital yang semakin pesat menuntut mahasiswa untuk memiliki kompetensi literasi digital yang baik. Literasi digital tidak hanya mencakup kemampuan menggunakan perangkat teknologi, tetapi juga kemampuan mencari, mengevaluasi, mengelola, dan memanfaatkan informasi secara efektif serta bertanggung jawab.

Community disaster resilience is increasingly guiding risk-reduction investments, but in many Southeast European settings, comparable subnational data remain scarce. This study assesses perceived community disaster resilience across Serbia by combining BRIC–DROP dimensions into a single index and analyzing differences across hazard types and sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted using multistage random sampling and the “next birthday” method for respondent selection. The final sample included 1200 adults from 22 local government units across four regions: Belgrade, Vojvodina, Šumadija & Western Serbia, and Southern & Eastern Serbia. Participants evaluated preventive measures and societal resilience for ten hazard types and considered five social dimensions: social structure, social capital, social mechanisms, social equity/diversity, and social beliefs. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses (including Pearson correlations, t-tests, and ANOVA), and multiple linear regression identified key predictors of preventive behavior and perceived resilience. Composite scores highlighted spatial resilience differences. Overall perceptions were generally low, mostly falling below the midpoint of the scale. Furthermore, the highest ratings for implemented preventive measures were recorded for pandemics/epidemics, storms/hail, and floods, whereas the lowest were observed for environmental pollution and droughts. Perceived resilience was highest for snowstorms, storms/hail, and pandemics/epidemics, and lowest for environmental pollution and droughts. Also, respondents reported relatively strong family ties and favorable perceptions of communication and access to basic supplies, but weak institutional capacity, particularly in budget allocation, early warning and public notification, rapid decision-making, and evacuation and shelter readiness. Regression results were statistically significant but explained only a small portion of the variance. Age and public-sector employment positively predicted perceived resilience; fear, income, and, to a lesser extent, education were negatively associated. These findings highlight the structural and psychosocial factors that shape perceptions of resilience. The BRIC–DROP composite indicates generally low perceived preparedness and resilience, especially in risk communication, evacuation and shelter readiness, and financing—the key bottlenecks in strengthening local resilience. The results recommend combining institutional reform with targeted risk communication to reduce fear and build trust, especially focusing on hazard areas with the lowest confidence, such as environmental pollution and drought.

South Sudan possesses vast fertile land, abundant water resources, livestock wealth, and a young population capable of transforming the country into a major food producer. However, persistent insecurity, displacement, inflation, weak infrastructure, poor agricultural investment, and attacks on rural farmers have discouraged local food production. Many farming communities have abandoned cultivation due to fear of armed attacks, cattle raiding, displacement, and lack of protection. As a result, the country remains heavily dependent on food imports and humanitarian assistance despite its enormous agricultural potential. This article argues that food security in South Sudan cannot be achieved through humanitarian food aid alone. The government must adopt a state-led agricultural transformation strategy by establishing food estates at state level, focusing on cereals, sugarcane, oilseeds, forestry, livestock, fisheries, and irrigation-based production. The paper further argues that the army, youth, graduates, and local communities can be organized into lawful, paid agricultural production and engineering units to support national food production, infrastructure development, and rural stabilization. Drawing lessons from countries such as Vietnam and Rwanda, the article proposes a practical model for achieving food security despite conflict, inflation, and institutional weakness.