Disaster risk management

Community disaster resilience is increasingly guiding risk-reduction investments, but in many Southeast European settings, comparable subnational data remain scarce. This study assesses perceived community disaster resilience across Serbia by combining BRIC–DROP dimensions into a single index and analyzing differences across hazard types and sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted using multistage random sampling and the “next birthday” method for respondent selection. The final sample included 1200 adults from 22 local government units across four regions: Belgrade, Vojvodina, Šumadija & Western Serbia, and Southern & Eastern Serbia. Participants evaluated preventive measures and societal resilience for ten hazard types and considered five social dimensions: social structure, social capital, social mechanisms, social equity/diversity, and social beliefs. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses (including Pearson correlations, t-tests, and ANOVA), and multiple linear regression identified key predictors of preventive behavior and perceived resilience. Composite scores highlighted spatial resilience differences. Overall perceptions were generally low, mostly falling below the midpoint of the scale. Furthermore, the highest ratings for implemented preventive measures were recorded for pandemics/epidemics, storms/hail, and floods, whereas the lowest were observed for environmental pollution and droughts. Perceived resilience was highest for snowstorms, storms/hail, and pandemics/epidemics, and lowest for environmental pollution and droughts. Also, respondents reported relatively strong family ties and favorable perceptions of communication and access to basic supplies, but weak institutional capacity, particularly in budget allocation, early warning and public notification, rapid decision-making, and evacuation and shelter readiness. Regression results were statistically significant but explained only a small portion of the variance. Age and public-sector employment positively predicted perceived resilience; fear, income, and, to a lesser extent, education were negatively associated. These findings highlight the structural and psychosocial factors that shape perceptions of resilience. The BRIC–DROP composite indicates generally low perceived preparedness and resilience, especially in risk communication, evacuation and shelter readiness, and financing—the key bottlenecks in strengthening local resilience. The results recommend combining institutional reform with targeted risk communication to reduce fear and build trust, especially focusing on hazard areas with the lowest confidence, such as environmental pollution and drought.

Despite substantial investments in decentralized disaster governance, Bangladesh’s coastal regions remain highly vulnerable to climate-induced hazards. Disaster Management Committees (DMCs) were established to enhance local preparedness, response, and recovery through participatory governance. However, empirical evidence on their effectiveness at the community level remains limited. This study examines the institutional capacity, operational effectiveness, and governance legitimacy of DMCs in two disaster-prone coastal upazilas: Dumki and Kalapara of Patuakhali District. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining a community survey (N = 100) with key informant interviews (N = 30). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and four composite indices were constructed: Community Awareness Index (CAI), Community Satisfaction Index (CSI), Institutional Capacity Index (ICI), and Operational Effectiveness Index (OEI). Qualitative data were analyzed thematically to contextualize institutional practices and explain the gap between institutional claims and community experience. The findings reveal a pronounced disconnect between institutional self-assessment and community-level perceptions. Community awareness of DMCs was very low (CAI = 0.07), and community satisfaction with DMC performance was also very low (CSI = 0.04), indicating limited public engagement and weak service visibility. In contrast, DMC members reported very high institutional capacity (ICI = 0.95) and ceiling-level operational effectiveness (OEI = 1.00), suggesting a substantial mismatch between institutional perceptions and community realities. Union-wise differences in awareness and satisfaction were limited and not statistically significant. Firth penalized logistic regression likewise did not identify any statistically significant predictor of community satisfaction, indicating that dissatisfaction was broad-based rather than confined to specific respondent groups or locations. Overall, the results suggest that decentralization alone is insufficient to ensure participatory and effective disaster governance without accountability, transparency, and sustained community engagement. The study highlights the importance of community-validated performance measures and stronger accountability mechanisms for improving local disaster risk governance in climate-vulnerable settings.

Porque escribo igual que sangro, Porque sangro todo lo que escribo. Fito y Fitipaldis. ¿Qué carta he de jugar cuando pretendo ser un editor, un escritor o bien algún autor? ¿Quién posee el criterio de dar su opinión sobre algo, o quizás sobre nada? Nada se dé mucho, poco sé de algo, escribo como pasa el rato, me siento en una silla de plástico, y escribo en una computadora, -algo vieja-, releo varias veces, repaso una y otra vez lo dictado. Le pregunto a mi esposa, lo consulto con ella. No creo tener la razón en nada, escribo más por obligación que por placer, si bien, encuentro un cierto placer y deseo en hacerlo, no quiere decir que realmente me guste, como Braunstein, creo fielmente que cada palabra de un texto es un clavo en el ataúd de quien escribe, no me tomen a mal, amo, -pero odio-, escribir. Quizás no me siento bien, quizás me siento cansado, escribir es un oficio cansado, y más cuando son pocos quienes responden, hemos escrito ya por dos años, y parece que tengo que jalar de los oídos a quienes quiero que participen en este proyecto. He hecho circo, maroma y teatro, hemos llevado esto a algunos lados, -no diré que a muchos lados, sería bastante pretensioso, quizás hasta vanidoso-, y considero que ha tomado un buen lugar, un criterio, una voz. Quienes alimentan estas pocas páginas, sepan que alimentan un poco de mí, un poco de lo que amo hacer, que quizás sea enseñar. Poco ortodoxo, desalineado, o quizás inexperto son los adjetivos con los que me califican cuando no me conocen, y aun así quieren hablar de mi trabajo, no soy un modelo a seguir, no soy un camino que mostrar, soy docente,

Bu yayının tüm hakları Cihannüma Derneği, İHH İnsani Yardım Vakfı ve Dijital Hafıza Derneği''ne aittir. Cihannüma Derneği, İHH İnsani Yardım Vakfı ve Dijital Hafıza Derneği'nin izni olmaksızın yayının tümünün veya bir kısmının elektronik veya mekanik (fotokopi, kayıt ve bilgi depolama, vd.) yollarla basımı, yayını, çoğaltılması veya dağıtımı yapılamaz. Kaynak göstermek suretiyle alıntı yapılabilir.

The sustainability of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in pastoralist regions remains a complex challenge, exacerbated by environmental variability and large-scale infrastructural transitions. This study examines the socio-technical determinants of WASH functionality in Dassenech Woreda, South Omo Zone, Ethiopia, focusing on the systemic impact of the Upper Omo River highlands and the effectiveness of 2023 integrated interventions. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, the research integrates quantitative data from 430 household surveys with qualitative ethnographic insights into the Dassenech age-set system, clan structures, and the Dimi ceremony. Findings indicate that WASH systems embedded within strong socio-technical arrangements-characterized by community ownership and appropriate technology-demonstrate significantly higher functionality rates. The study also reveals that the Upper Omo River highlands has disrupted traditional floodrecession agriculture, forcing a transition toward sedentary livelihoods and fishing, which increases vulnerability to waterborne diseases. However, the 2023 integrated WASH response, which coupled physical rehabilitation of 28 water schemes with hygiene promotion based on the Health Belief Model, contributed to the successful containment of cholera and acute watery diarrhoea. The report concludes that long-term resilience requires aligning technological solutions with the egalitarian social structures and mobility patterns of pastoralist communities.

Several studies have warned about the increasing frequency of extreme weather and climate events like heavy rainfall, extreme droughts and heat waves, which have been intensified by the climate change and accelerated by anthropogenic actions. Climate change takes place in social contexts known for constantly changing. For instance, social disparity forms, such as inequality and racism, emerge and overlap within these contexts, and it makes some people more vulnerable to disasters. Digital extremes, such as disinformation about disaster contexts, are also increasing. Organizations must have disaster-risk commu-nication capacities at the age of extremes to respond three extremes, namely: meteorolog-ical, social and digital extremes. The aim of the current article is to discuss disaster-risk communication organizational capacities at the age of extremes. A literature review on the concept of disaster was carried out, as well as a desk research in governmental publications about municipal civil defense and protection agencies, and a qualitative field research in the second semester of 2024 in Cataguases City – Minas Gerias State and in Nova Friburgo City – Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, which are medium- and large-sized cities in Paraíba do Sul River Basin. According to the results, municipal civil defense agencies lack financial and mate-rial resources, and it compromises their communication capacities. The human resources available are also not enough. There is lack of training actions to deal with new risk com-munication challenges, such as disinformation on alerts outspread on social networks and messaging apps, as observed during the field research. Furthermore, people do not know what extreme events actually are. Despite these challenges, municipal civil defense agents develop communication strategies to deal with disinformation on both social networks and messaging app groups. Finally, the article highlights the need for analyzing communication capacities in place by monitoring contingency plans’ implementation. These plans must be resilient to intersections among these meteorological, social and digital extreme scenarios.

Gender equality and women's empowerment are the main components in realizing sustainable development with social justice. This study aims to analyze the implementation of gender equality and women's empowerment as an effort to optimize the protection of human rights in the context of sustainable development, especially through the achievement of SDG Goal 5. This research also examines the effectiveness of existing legal instruments in realizing gender equality in Indonesia. The research uses a normative method with a statute approach to analyze laws and regulations related to gender equality, both at the national and international levels, and evaluate their implementation in the context of sustainable development. The results indicate that although Indonesia has a legal foundation that supports gender equality, there is still a significant implementation gap. Women's empowerment is key to achieving SDG Goal 5 targets, but this requires increased coordination between various institutions and higher public awareness. This research is limited to the analysis national regulations and policies in Indonesia and does not include comparative studies with other countries. The research contributes to the development of human rights law and development law, and provides policy recommendations to improve the implementation of gender equality in sustainable development. This research presents a new perspective in integrating the protection of women's human rights with sustainable development goals through a comprehensive normative legal approach.

Despite extensive research using Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to analyze factors influencing protective behaviors during disasters, understanding how last-mile communities in vulnerable contexts-particularly in the Philippines-respond to early warning messages remains limited. This understanding is crucial, as these communities often bear the brunt of extreme weather events. Drawing data from surveys and semi-structured interviews, this study examined the predictors of risk reduction behaviors before and after Super Typhoon Mangkhut in two lastmile communities in Northern Philippines-Cabalitian and Mapita. Regression analysis demonstrated that all threat appraisal variables-perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, and fear-are predictors of risk reduction behaviors before Mangkhut. Coping appraisal variables, specifically response efficacy and self-efficacy, also positively influenced risk reduction action before Mangkhut. Among socio-demographic variables, only gender and age are predictors of risk reduction behaviors, with their influence varying between the two communities. Expanding the application of PMT, prior typhoon experience, trust, and social network strength also positively and significantly influenced risk reduction behaviors before and after Mangkhut. The study identified key infrastructural, institutional, and operational interventions to enhance coping capacity and reduce vulnerability in these communities, alongside policy implications to inform disaster risk reduction strategies and empower local preparedness efforts.

Makalah ini menyajikan kritik akademik dan analisis semiotika terhadap Pameran Fotografi Chains of Desire, yang merupakan studi kasus visual tentang trauma perempuan dan proses reklamasi otonomi diri dalam konteks sistem patriarki. Isu kekerasan simbolik dan manipulasi psikologis menjadi latar belakang penelitian, di mana dominasi patriarki secara subtil (Walby, 1990) membentuk chain reaction penderitaan pada perempuan. Pameran ini dirancang untuk membedah bagaimana trauma masa lalu (The Fryed Anchor) menjadi belenggu yang diinternalisasi dalam hubungan yang destruktif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Semiotika Visual Roland Barthes (Denotasi, Konotasi, dan Mitos) sebagai kerangka metodologis untuk menganalisis tujuh babak fotografi kronologis. Metode ini berfokus pada interpretasi simbol-simbol visual kunci, seperti rantai dan aksen Merah, untuk mengartikulasikan ketegangan antara hasrat dan penindasan. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa narasi visual ini berhasil memetakan siklus traumatis perempuan secara sistematis. Analisis semiotik mengungkapkan bahwa rantai di awal narasi berfungsi sebagai mitos penundukan, yang mencapai titik kritis pada fase penyerahan total. Temuan krusial adalah transformasi makna simbolik pada babak akhir,  di mana subjek secara aktif merebut kembali belenggu dan mengubahnya dari simbol penindasan menjadi representasi agensi dan kedaulatan diri. Simpulan makalah ini menegaskan bahwa praktik penciptaan seni berbasis semiotika merupakan metode yang efektif untuk mendekonstruksi mitos patriarki dan mengonstruksi pemahaman kritis terhadap kekerasan simbolik.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of flood mitigation policies in Ogoansam Village, Palasa Subdistrict, Parigi Moutong Regency, using George C. Edward III's theory of policy implementation, which encompasses communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This study employs a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of flood mitigation policies in Ogoansam Village has proceeded fairly well, though it still faces several challenges. Regarding communication, the village government has conducted public awareness campaigns on flood mitigation through village meetings and community service activities. In terms of resources, there remain limitations in infrastructure and budget to support flood mitigation efforts. In terms of disposition, village government officials and the community have demonstrated commitment to flood mitigation efforts through active participation in environmental cleanup activities and the normalization of waterways. Regarding bureaucratic structure, coordination between the village government and relevant agencies is already in place, though it is not yet optimal. The implementation of this policy has had a positive impact on increasing community awareness regarding environmental conservation and reducing flood risks in Ogoansam.

Community resilience is essential for disaster management and its measurement is necessary to support decision-making. This paper presents as first list of community resilience indicators for Brazilian municipalities, resulting from literature review, experts’ consulting and application of the Delphi method. The experts group consisted of public managers (43%) and researchers (57%). The study comprised six phases: conceptual framework selection; composition of the indicators list; elaboration of evaluation tool (Delphi method); selection and invitation to experts; evaluation of indicators; and data analysis. As a result, the importance of 101 indicators distributed in six dimensions (environmental; social; economic; institutional; infrastructure; social capital) achieved consensus among the experts after two rounds. In the first round, 98 indicators were submitted to the evaluation of 97 specialists, with the possibility of proposing new indicators, while in the second round the fin...

This paper provides a first discussion of the advantages and concerns of disaster tourism along with an initial step towards a code of ethics. Based on existing disaster and tourism codes, four guidelines are suggested and critiqued: 1. Priority in disasters should be given to the safety of disaster-affected people and responders, encompassing rescue and body recovery operations. 2. One individual should not put another individual at increased risk without consent. 3. The authorities in a disaster-affected area and their rules and regulations should be obeyed within reason. 4. Any donations or assistance offered to disaster-affected areas should be considered within the local context and should also involve nearby but non-disaster-affected communities. Targets, training, monitoring, enforcement, and evaluation for the code are also discussed along with the need for consultative processes for further developing and implementing the code. Three main areas of disaster tourism research ...

Dr. Phillip J. Nel is an applied academic researcher, medical anthropologist, and emergency management strategist specialising in localised resilience, disaster mitigation, and remote healthcare operations within rural and frontier environments. His research focuses on optimising scarce human resources, decoupling administrative data from operational surge realities, and designing time-phased, matrix-driven trigger systems for disaster volunteer networks. By exploring the structural intersections of formal county emergency planning and informal civic networks, Dr. Nel’s work provides actionable, systems-level frameworks that eliminate data inflation while preserving community volunteer bases from professional and systemic burnout.

Decision making is one of the subfields of Artificial Intelligence and has been used for various applications. One such application is Disaster Mitigation and Management. This study is on Landslide Zonation using different Decision Making Algorithms. Landslides are one of the most epoch-making hazards that affect different parts of India every year, during the rainy season, which cause not only colossal destruction to roads, bridges, and houses but also lead to loss of life. Mapping of the hazardous zones is one method by which awareness can be created among the localities and guiding the authorities in management of the disaster event. There are lots of literature discussing various methods to map landslide hazardous zones, from those studies, influential factors are identified and two multi criteria decision making algorithms namely TOPSIS and AHP are used to rank the factors, to assign weights to corresponding factors, finally Landslide Susceptibility Map of Saklespur, located in...

Many of the infrastructures that are used by both public and private institutions may not follow the current laws on earthquake-resistant structures. We seek to evaluate the damage by correlated geographic faults produced by earthquakes in a telecommunications network using probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. 

This study examined the capability and community engagement of Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee (BDRRMC) members in selected coastal barangays of Boac, Marinduque, to identify existing strengths, challenges, and appropriate interventions to enhance disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) performance. Specifically, the study assessed the level of capability of BDRRMC members across the four DRRM thematic areas-prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery and rehabilitation-their level of community engagement, the challenges encountered, and the relationship between capability and community engagement. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed. Data were collected from BDRRMC members using a validated survey questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were utilized to determine levels of capability, community engagement, and challenges, while inferential analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between capability and community engagement. Findings revealed that BDRRMC members demonstrated a moderate level of capability across all DRRM thematic areas and a moderate level of community engagement. The most common challenges identified were limited funding, insufficient training, inadequate equipment, weak coordination with stakeholders, and inconsistent community participation. Statistical results showed a negative and non-significant relationship between capability and community engagement, indicating that technical competence alone does not necessarily translate into effective community involvement. Based on these findings, a Capacity Development Program cum Recognition System was proposed. The program integrates capacity-building activities, scenario-based drills, community engagement initiatives, resource mobilization, monitoring and evaluation, and a recognition mechanism. The intervention is designed to be institutionalized within barangays and municipal DRRM plans to ensure sustainability and alignment with local government systems.

Frente al boato guzmancista, la continuidad del liberalismo amarillo encontró en las figuras de Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl (1826-1905) y de Raimundo Andueza Palacio (1846-1900) nuevos intérpretes que, podría decirse, entierran con sus acciones las emprendidas por su mentor y predecesor. Frente al laicismo radical liberal e ilustrado de Guzmán Blanco, Rojas Paúl emerge entre 1888 y 1890 con una actitud denotadamente romántica, defensor de la iglesia a ultranza y de los ideales filantrópicos, acción que continuará Andueza Palacio entre 1890 y 1892, a pesar de que en el plano político y aun procediendo de las mismas filas ideológicas, será su ferviente contrincante. Ambos entierran al guzmancismo, en un intento por perpetuarlo “a pesar de” pero sin Guzmán, hecho que en política de obras públicas se materializa en un tour de forcé, para dirigir la mirada hacia temas postergados, poco atendidos y hasta desafiados durante el septenio, el quinquenio y el bienio, como lo religioso, lo médico asistencial y filantrópico, acciones que, a pesar de los enfrentamientos y resistencias, continúa hasta su conclusión Raimundo Andueza Palacio.

This article conceptualizes cultural heritage as a dynamic system of assets, practices, meanings, actors, and rules that interact across scales and through time. It also sets out the book’s aim: to move beyond object-centred preservation toward a systemic understanding and design, in which values, governance instruments, social dynamics, and environmental forces are treated holistically and as interconnected. For this purpose, a mapping of new heritage approaches—related to values-based conservation, critical heritage, rights-based and participatory governance, the Historic Urban Landscape, resilience and climate adaptation, heritage futures, adaptive reuse and circularity, and digital/design-led practices—has been conducted. It is shown how these approaches collectively advance a systemic view of cultural heritage. The article analyses how heritage as a system has evolved, how it can be described and conceptualized, and, most importantly, how this is connected to current challenges and projects. The chapter closes with a roadmap to the volume and its chapters.

Municipal El Niño Plan of Action (MEPA), CY 2026–2027
Municipality of San Isidro, Bohol, Philippines

This Municipal El Niño Plan of Action (MEPA) is a locally-crafted operational planning document formulated by the Municipal El Niño Task Force (METF) of San Isidro, Bohol, pursuant to Executive Order No. _____, Series of 2026, and in compliance with Executive Order No. 53 (Series of 2024) of President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. reactivating the national Task Force El Niño. Grounded in Republic Act No. 10121 (Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010) and the Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic Act No. 7160), the MEPA responds to DOST-PAGASA's El Niño Alert of April 22, 2026, which placed a 79% probability of El Niño development during the June–July–August 2026 season, with forecasts of potential moderate-to-strong intensification by the fourth quarter of 2026 and persistence until early 2027. The Plan adopts the national framework of five critical sectors — water security, food security, energy security, public health, and public safety — and operationalizes these across three sequential phases: Phase 1 (Preparedness, June–July 2026), Phase 2 (Active Response, August–December 2026), and Phase 3 (Recovery and Rehabilitation, January 2027 onward). Each phase contains a sector-disaggregated activity matrix specifying responsible offices, timelines, and budget sources drawn primarily from the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF). A vulnerability profile of San Isidro as an agriculture-dependent municipality is presented, alongside an inter-agency coordination network of eleven national and local agencies, a community IEC strategy covering all fourteen barangays, a budget framework estimated at Php 1,110,000.00, and a monitoring and reporting matrix with seven key performance indicators. The MEPA is intended as a living document, subject to quarterly review and updating by the METF, and serves as the primary operational guide for all El Niño preparedness and response activities within the territorial jurisdiction of San Isidro, Bohol for Calendar Year 2026–2027.

Keywords: El Niño; Municipal El Niño Plan of Action; MEPA; DRRM; RA 10121; Climate Preparedness; Water Security; Food Security; LDRRMF; Local Governance; San Isidro Bohol; PAGASA; Sendai Framework; Subnational Climate Adaptation; LGU Planning