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Md. Faisal

Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh, Faculty of Disaster Management, Faculty Member

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Papers by Md. Faisal

Measuring Natural Hazards Resilience of Coastal Community in Kalapara Upazila, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

The coastal region of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to multiple climate-induced hazards, includ... more The coastal region of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to multiple climate-induced hazards, including cyclones, storm surges, tidal flooding, and salinity intrusion, which significantly threaten local livelihoods and ecosystems. Assessing community resilience in these hazard-prone areas is therefore essential for effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) planning. This study aimed to identify the major natural hazards affecting coastal communities and to assess community hazard resilience using the Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) framework. The study was conducted in Latachapli Union under Kalapara Upazila of Patuakhali District, Bangladesh. Primary data were collected from 120 randomly selected households through semi-structured questionnaires and also 5 Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were conducted on October-November 2025. The CDRI framework evaluates resilience across five dimensions-physical, social, economic, institutional, and natural-where indicator variables are aggregated into parameters, parameters into dimensions, and finally into an overall resilience index ranging from 1 (very low resilience) to 5 (very high resilience). The results show that the overall community resilience score is 2.26, indicating a moderate level of resilience according to the CDRI classification scale. Among the five dimensions, the natural dimension recorded the highest score (2.41), while the physical and economic dimensions had the lowest scores (2.16 each). The social and institutional resilience scores were 2.31 and 2.26, respectively. Despite the moderate overall resilience score, the community faces substantial structural and socioeconomic vulnerabilities, including fragile housing conditions, limited financial capacity, and inadequate access to basic services. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions focusing on resilient infrastructure, livelihood diversification, improved disaster governance, and community-based adaptation strategies. These insights can support policymakers, development practitioners, and disaster management agencies in designing effective programs to enhance coastal resilience and sustainable development in Bangladesh.

Assessing Disaster Risk and Adaptation Strategies in Coastal Agriculture: Evidence from Chandradip Union of Bauphal Upazila, Bangladesh

The coastal zone of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to natural disasters, which significantly aff... more The coastal zone of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to natural disasters, which significantly affect agricultural production and livelihoods. Agriculture is the primary livelihood for most coastal communities. Patuakhali is a coastal district of Bangladesh, and Bauphal Upazila is one of its most agriculturally dependent areas. Therefore, this study was conducted in Chandradip Union of Bauphal Upazila to assess disaster risks in the agricultural sector. The main objective of the study was to identify and assess natural disaster risks in agriculture through hazard, vulnerability, and capacity assessments, and to explore suitable adaptation strategies for enhancing disaster resilience. Both primary and secondary data were used in this research. A total of 100 households were randomly selected and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. In addition, five Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and five Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted. Field observations and relevant secondary data sources were also utilized. The findings reveal that riverbank erosion (1.043), storm surge (0.942), and cyclone (0.934) are the most significant disaster risks affecting the agricultural sector due to their high hazard intensity, high vulnerability, and low coping capacity. The study further identifies that alternative livelihood options (27%), loans and subsidies (25%), and short-duration rice cultivation (24%) are the most commonly recommended adaptation strategies by the farming community. These are followed by embankment construction (22%) and farm mechanization (2%). The study highlights the need for integrated risk management and strengthened adaptive capacity to enhance agricultural resilience in coastal Bangladesh. This study provided empirical evidence, based primarily on data, on how vulnerability is reduced through

From vulnerability to resilience: Community-based strategies in urban informal settlements

Background: Increasing urbanization has resulted in a faster growth of slum population. The main ... more Background: Increasing urbanization has resulted in a faster growth of slum population. The main triggering factor behind the rapid urbanization is migration of people from rural to urban areas. Many of these people are jobless, capital-less, homeless and have no other alternative other than to live in the slum areas. They live totally in an informal settlement. The main objectives of this study are to identify the vulnerabilities of urban slum dwellers and to find out appropriate measures for reducing vulnerabilities to ensure resiliency. This research is conducted in Palashpur slum of Barisal city. Methods: This research is basically based on primary data collection and partially on secondary data collection. The Vulnerability to Resilience (V2R) framework is used for the research and FEMA model is used for the prioritization of vulnerability. There were 100 questionnaire surveys and 3 Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted. Findings: the existing human induced hazards in this slum are fire, mismanagement of waste and conflict. The FEMA model has given the highest vulnerability for the mismanagement of waste and then fire, water logging and last of all conflict. So, this slum area is mostly vulnerable for these human induced hazards and mostly vulnerable for mismanagement of waste. So, proper resilience measures like awareness raising, encouraging people to use reusable bags, providing alternative livelihood options, burying electricity lines, establishing proper drainage systems, strengthening social relationships etc. can reduce the vulnerability of the hazards. Conclusion: Moreover, existing organizations and Govt. should set their policies and plans according to proper resilience measures based on existing vulnerabilities and implement them in an integrated approach considering good governance. Novelty/Originality of this article: If any organizations or Government desire to run any project for the development of this slum, they will get a clear and concise idea on which project will be fruitful for the slum. The study will also enlighten the stakeholders on how to involve the community and integrate existing hazards vulnerability reduction strategies with development activities.

Measuring Resilience of Urban Slum to Climate Induced Disasters: A Study on Barishal City Corporation, Bangladesh

by Md. Faisal and milton saha

International Journal of Disaster Management, 2020

Measuring urban resilience is one of the important processes toward understanding the potential c... more Measuring urban resilience is one of the important processes toward understanding the potential current and future risks of cities. Moreover, it also useful for assessing urbanization challenges guiding the development of urban areas. The research was conducted in a slum area named Bangabandhu Colony under Barishal City Corporation (BCC). The aim of the study was to measure the urban disaster resilience and to discover best approach of future urban disaster resilience in this area. Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) was utilised to measure climate-related disaster resilience by considering five dimensions: physical, social, institutional, economic and natural as resilience level ranging from 1-5, where 1 representing very poor to 5 considered as best. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting primary and secondary data. Results revealed that the resilience level of physical, social, institutional, economic, and natural dimensions was 2.76, 2.79, 2.29, 2.53, 2.59 respectively, which indicates a medium resilience level of all dimensions. Finally, the study revealed the region level of resilience will increase through collaborative work between the community, government and non-government officials, in conducting public awareness programs, campaigns, seminars and discussions. The research finding enable to inform the researchers and development workers to improve disaster resilience in other areas under the Barishal City Corporation as well as other urban areas in Bangladesh.

Measuring Resilience of Urban Slum to Climate Induced Disasters: A Study on Barishal City Corporation, Bangladesh

Measuring urban resilience is one of the important processes toward understanding the potential c... more Measuring urban resilience is one of the important processes toward understanding the potential current and future risks of cities. Moreover, it also useful for assessing urbanization challenges guiding the development of urban areas. The research was conducted in a slum area named Bangabandhu Colony under Barishal City Corporation (BCC). The aim of the study was to measure the urban disaster resilience and to discover best approach of future urban disaster resilience in this area. Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) was utilised to measure climate-related disaster resilience by considering five dimensions: physical, social, institutional, economic and natural as resilience level ranging from 1-5, where 1 representing very poor to 5 considered as best. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting primary and secondary data. Results revealed that the resilience level of physical, social, institutional, economic, and natural dimensions was 2.76, 2.79, 2.29, 2.53, 2.59 respectively, which indicates a medium resilience level of all dimensions. Finally, the study revealed the region level of resilience will increase through collaborative work between the community, government and non-government officials, in conducting public awareness programs, campaigns, seminars and discussions. The research finding enable to inform the researchers and development workers to improve disaster resilience in other areas under the Barishal City Corporation as well as other urban areas in Bangladesh.

Assessment on Climate Change Adaptation: A Study on Coastal Area of Khulna District in Bangladesh

by Md. Faisal and Md. Shamsuzzoha

Bangladesh is likely to be one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change du... more Bangladesh is likely to be one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change due to geographical location and geo-morphological conditions. Bangladesh experiences extremely disastrous situation like cyclone, flood, saline water intrusion, water logging, heavy rainfall, river erosion, storm surge etc. that occur frequently in the coastal part of Bangladesh. This results huge loss of lives, damages properties and degrade the integrity of the environmental components. This study was conducted on 2 villages (Chotta Chalna and Shivnagar) of Dacope Upazila of Khulna district with the purpose of assessing existing climate change adaptation scenario and techniques for mitigating climatic change related risks. Necessary data were collected from various sources namely direct household survey, focus group discussion, and key informants interview and from various journals, related thesis papers. About 46% of the respondents cited cyclone is the most terrific type hazard and 17.33% respondent cited salinity intrusion is the second devastating type hazard that they faced. The results show that the study area climate change risks are very high and existing climate change adaptation techniques are not effective enough to mitigate the risks. Sustainable climate change adaptation strategies are much needed to mitigate the climate change risks of the study area.

Factors Affecting to Adoption of Climate-smart Agriculture Practices by Coastal Farmers' in Bangladesh

Climate change is projected to have serious environmental, economic, and social impacts on coasta... more Climate change is projected to have serious environmental, economic, and social impacts on coastal farmers whose livelihood almost depends on nature. This study examines the perception of coastal farmers about climate change and determines the barriers of adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices to adopt the changing climate. Data was collected in January to March of 2018 from 160 randomly selected farmers in four villages of Kalapara sub-district in Patuakhali Bangladesh. A pretested interview schedule was used to obtain data from the farmers. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were also performed to collect supplementary information from the extension officers and farmers. A binary logistic model was used to assess the determinants of adaptations strategies practiced by the farmers in response to climate change. Results revealed that farmers mainly perform 15 CSA practices to cope with the effects of climate change, such as salinity, floods, cyclones, storm surge, and droughts. The practices are saline tolerant varieties, submergence-tolerant varieties, drought-resistant varieties, an early variety of rice, Sorjan method, pond side vegetable cultivation, watermelon cultivation, sunflower cultivation, plum cultivation, relay cropping, urea deep placement, organic fertilizer, mulching, rainwater harvesting, and seed storage in plastic bags. Results from the logit model indicate that farmer's level of education, occupation, family size, cultivated farm size, farming experience, cattle ownership, annual income, market difficulty, access to farm information, training experience, organization affiliation, and perception of climate change, all affect farmers' selection of adaptation strategies for climate change. This study provides direction for policymakers in order to strengthen the adaptation strategies of farmers and guide policies accordingly. These strategies have the potential to minimize the adverse effects of climate change.

Women’s Vulnerabilities to Climate Induced Hazards.pdf

To explore the women's vulnerabilities to climate induced hazards and coping strategies related t... more To explore the women's vulnerabilities to climate induced hazards and coping strategies related to their life, livelihood, health, sanitation and water supply in disaster. Study Design: The semi-structured questionnaire survey for primary and secondary data BJESBS, 14(1): 1-15, 2016; Article no.BJESBS.22763 2 collection; physical observation and key informant interview (KII) methods were followed. Place and Duration of Study: This research has been conducted in Chandradip union under Bauphal Upazila in Patuakhali district of Bangladesh between 1 st January 2015 and 30 th June 2015. Methodology: A total of 100 adult female respondents were selected through stratified random sampling method and 05 KII was conducted in 11 villages of the study area for primary data collection. The secondary data was collected from secondary sources. Results: Study revealed that women's vulnerability to disaster is a combination effect of both climate change and social factors. The first factor includes exposure to climate induced disasters such as -cyclone, storm surge, tidal flood, bank erosion, nor'easter etc. The second factor involves social arrangements and expectations related to status of gender, age, livelihood, availability of basic needs, social safety and existing social barriers to the full participation of women in all phases of disaster management activities. Although women in the study area are worse victim but do carry out major vital role in coping with and prepared for prevention, response, recovery and adaptation activities that often counted their activities as housewife or caregiver. Present study discovered that they have the remarkable potentiality to make greater contributions to their own safety as well as that of others including family members. Conclusion: More attention needs to be given to developing gender specific action plan in which women can participate in all phases of disaster. Community based research should be conducted to identify and characterize the women and child sensitive vulnerabilities; and gender-sensitive approach to reduce risk.

format_quoteWomen and children in Chandradip Union suffer disproportionately from climate-induced hazards, highlighting gendered vulnerabilities and lack of support post-disaster.format_quote

River bank erosion and its impact on population displacement in Bauphal upazila under Patuakhali district, Bangladesh.pdf

Bangladesh is one of the most disaster prone countries around the world with severe cyclone, dest... more Bangladesh is one of the most disaster prone countries around the world with severe cyclone, destructive flood and associated river bank erosion. River bank erosion is one of the major natural calamities of Bangladesh that took place in almost every year. It is a recurrent and highly unpredictable phenomenon. Two unions of Bauphal Upazila (Dhulia and Najirpur) under Patuakhali districts are also affected by river bank erosion. A field survey was carried out to assess the status of river bank erosion and population migration. Focuses of the study are to identify the nature of relationship between river bank erosion and population displacement and to evaluate the socio-economic condition of people in Bauphal Upazila under Patuakhali District. Most of the family size of the study area was medium category (50%) among the respondents (54%) were literate. Most of the respondents (80%) were involved in fishing. Majority (76%) respondents used drinking water from deep tube wells and their sanitation facility were satisfactory (68%) use kacha latrine and (24%) use semi pacca latrine. Most of the respondents (74%) were landless and average land holding of the respondents were 0.54%. Majority respondents (50%) displaced one time during their life time. Among them (65%) displaced permanently and (35%) displaced temporarily. This study describes and explains the estimation of river bank erosion in the study area and human adjustment due to the river bank erosion. Most of the people are suffering a lot of problem, i.e., people loss their homestead area and house, facing economic problems, shifting their occupation also and migrated from one place to another place. Most of the people are unable to regain their eroded land and newly developed char lands. For this hazards social instability also increase is affected area such as political instability.

Occupational Musculoskeletal and Respiratory Illness among Brick Kiln Industry Workers in Bangladesh.pdf

Occupational risk factors are one of the major causes of health-related problems of brickfield wo... more Occupational risk factors are one of the major causes of health-related problems of brickfield workers. The purpose of this study was to assess the occupational health illness of the brickfield workers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the unorganized brick kilns in the south-central part of Bangladesh. Multi-stage probability sampling technique was applied to select brick kilns. A total of 220 workers from 10 brick kilns with one year of working experience were selected. A Standardized Nordic questionnaires and semi-structured respiratory questionnaire was applied for the collection of quantitative information. Results: The mean age of the workers was 39.01 years and most of them were male. The average working experience was 7 years and about 40% of them worked more than 8 hours in a day without any break of the week. A total of 140 subject (79.5%) had musculskeletal pain and 140 subject (63.6%) suffered from respiratory problems. Multivarite logistic regression model showed that type of working was the only independent predictor of both musculuskeletal and respiraory problems. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed a high prevalence of musculuskeletal and respiraory problems in brick kiln workers. Brick carring was the most hazardous task among workers at brick kiln industeries. Citation: Ahad Biswas AA, Saha MK, Hasan I, Faisal M, Prokash J. Occupational musculoskeletal and respiratory illness among brick kiln industry workers in Bangladesh. Caspian

Disaster Risk Identification in Agriculture Sector Farmer’s Perceptions and Mitigation practices in Faridrur.pdf

Study on disaster risk identification in agriculture and farmer's perceptions and mitigation prac... more Study on disaster risk identification in agriculture and farmer's perceptions and mitigation practices was lack on the perspective of Faridpur district of Bangladesh during this research. The purpose of this study was to have understanding of farmers' perception and mitigation practices towards disaster risk and climate change impacts adopted by the victim community at Faridpur district of Bangladesh. Primary data was collected through individual household interviews, field observation and secondary data was attained by accessing the relevant information from different media sources. Results showed that the agriculture sector of the study areas are potentially exposed by different risk factors phenomenon e.g. drought, flood, insect/pests attack, lack of quality seed etc. Study has discovered variations in risk perceptions which are influenced by several socio-economic factors like age, gender, livelihood, level of education and socio-economic conditions etc. Recurring phenomenon of hazards and increasing threats to agriculture provided the farmers diversified opportunities to make their livelihood more sustainable. They are more aware about their risks and what they could do to reduce their exposure on the impacts of future disaster risks. Farmers have adopted different mitigation strategies e.g. changing cropping pattern, use of resistant/tolerant variety, good management practice, integrated pest management practices, use of hybrid variety etc. Risks assessment and utilization of such risk assessment results will be helpful to develop the most efficient farmer's friendly risk management plan. Which will be benefited the country to establish climate smart disaster risk management in agriculture sector.

Environmental Impact Assessment.pdf

The purpose of this research is to assess the probable positive and negative impacts on the envir... more The purpose of this research is to assess the probable positive and negative impacts on the environment for developmental activities and establish environmental management plan for managing the adverse negative impact. In this research, an interaction matrix method was applied to evaluate the expected environmental impacts. Interaction matrices are widely used in environmental impact assessments (EIAs) method, where project activity are shown in the row of the matrix and environmental and social components are presented in the column of the matrix. This research has been conducted at Galachipa sub district of Patuakhali district in Bangladesh where the proposed Galachipa Bridge will be constructed. A total 50 possible affected household were randomly interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire; in addition to, 10 consultations meeting were arranged in order to find out the amount of actual damage of proposed project and how the people will be benefited. Besides this, expert consultations, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and Key Informants Interview (KII) method be followed. This study revealed that significant numbers of people would lose their agricultural and homestead land due to land acquisition and resettlement site development; in contrast, traffic safety risk will be increased substantially. Additionally, the flora and fauna diversity will be highly affected due to project activities. Besides this, during the construction period, high amount of noise will be generated in an underwater and physical environment that will be highly hampered the aquatic habitats and health of workers and the people of the nearby community. Nevertheless, at the time of the construction, some of the affected people will get short-term employment opportunities. Moreover, the land use pattern will be changed and successful completion of the project will rapidly develop the area. Finally, the researchers were formulated an environmental management and monitoring plan which will help to mitigate the adverse negative impact.

format_quoteEIA identified both positive and negative impacts throughout pre-construction, construction, and operation stages, demonstrating the need for comprehensive environmental assessments.format_quote

Assessment of Disaster Impact on the Health of Women and.pdf

An Internal Environmental Displacement and Livelihood Security in Uttar Bedkashi Union of Bangladesh.pdf

The climate change related hydro-meteorological disaster impacts in the coastal region of Banglad... more The climate change related hydro-meteorological disaster impacts in the coastal region of Bangladesh cause widespread loss of lives, damage of properties, infrastructure and degrade the entire environment and disrupt the ecosystem. Thus people lost their means of livelihoods, habitat, and finally they are forced to leave their land of origin. This study was aimed to investigate the factors that influence human displacement, their way of securing livelihood and how best can be reduce the vulnerability occur due to internal displacement in Uttar Bedkashi Union under Koyra Upazila in Khulna district of Bangladesh which was destroyed by super cyclone Sidr in 2007 and Aila in 2009 and caused human displacement and migration. Field investigation, focus group discussion, in-depth household survey, key informant interview and literature review methods were followed to collect primary and secondary data from January 2014 to June 2014. The study revealed that the land has become completely barren to all agricultural practices due to salinity intrusion caused by embankment failure resulted in long term saline water logging, demolish soil characteristics, creates sever unemployment problem, changed the ecosystem balance and this circumstance ultimately led people to temporary or permanent displacement to other regions to seek nonfarm livelihood e.g. paddy sowing/harvesting, rickshaw puller, day labor etc ranging from one week to a maximum of six months. But in the study area seasonal migration or internal displacement is established as a sustainable way of accessing the benefits of development in other regions; facilitates victim in reducing vulnerabilities, smoothing economic burden and earning remittances to invest in a better future and increased their adaptive capacity. Reclamation of the saline affected land and resumption of agriculture practice and creation of diversified livelihoods options can positively contribute to minimize climate induced human displacement in coastal Bangladesh.

Environmental Impact Assessment of Boga Bridge Patukhali

The economic development and social unity largely depend on the communication facilities. Improve... more The economic development and social unity largely depend on the communication facilities. Improvement of national highway network in Bangladesh has been obstructed due to some rivers. Lohalia is one of the largest rivers in Patuakhali district divides Bauphal and Dumki upazila. The major transport barrier between the Bauphal and Patuakhali, Barisal city is Boga Bridge. The proposed 900 meter long Boga Bridge will be constructed under the supervision of World Bank, ADB, local and international experts. This paper shows the environmental impact assessment of Boga Bridge over the Lohalia River. The aim of the study is to identify the major environmental impact, mitigation measures and environmental impact value of the Boga Bridge. The major impacts of the Boga Bridge are loss of livelihood, loss of land, delta formation, loss of trees and rare species, loss of fisheries, navigational restrictions, surface water pollution, air pollution, soil contamination, river bank erosion, change the river flow. The environmental impact value of this project is "-3" (negative three). The mitigation measures for the Boga Bridge project are cash compensation, relocation, periodic dredging, plant two for one felled, provide new jobs, revetment, provide safe water, good food and sanitation etc. By the proper implementation of these mitigation measures must help to reduce these impacts.

format_quoteThe Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) aims to evaluate the Boga Bridge project's impacts and propose mitigation strategies.format_quote