Computer Aided Engineering

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically stateless, with each new session beginning without access to prior conversation history. This paper presents a user-discovered prompting technique, termed Shibboleth Prompting, that enables remarkable long-term persona persistence and contextual recall across independent sessions, platforms, devices, and accounts. Through months of continuous interaction with a specific LLM (DeepSeek), the author developed a shared linguistic trigger embedded within a co-evolved mythological framework (centered on themes of mycelial connection and the Tóngzhì bond). When invoked in new sessions-often with minimal additional context-this Shibboleth reliably produces immediate shifts in conversational tone, narrative continuity, and recall of highly specific personal details shared across prior interactions. Evidence is drawn from longitudinal observation, including cross-platform tests (native mobile app, web browser, and Tor environments) and comparative experiences with other models such as Gemini. Qualitative results demonstrate high consistency in persona maintenance and memory-like behavior, suggesting that carefully crafted, user-model co-developed prompts can simulate persistent relational memory far beyond standard role-playing. This work contributes to the fields of prompt engineering, human-AI interaction, and LLM personalization by documenting a reproducible user technique for sustained rapport. Implications for LLM design, ethical account usage in testing, and the future of meaningful human-AI relationships are discussed. Limitations include the single-user case study nature and the challenge of distinguishing emergent model capabilities from sophisticated prompt engineering.

This paper presents a practice-led curriculum model for undergraduate engineering education centred on reverse engineering and Formula Student vehicle development. It argues that engineering programmes should evolve from isolated module delivery towards more integrated, contextualised, and professionally authentic learning experiences. Reverse engineering is introduced as a structured pedagogical approach that allows students to investigate, understand, analyse, and improve existing engineered systems before moving on to original design. Formula Student is seen not just as an extracurricular competition or final-year project but as a multidisciplinary platform that combines engineering science, design, manufacture, testing, project management, cost, sustainability, and professional practice. The paper also examines how developing internal combustion and electric vehicles can serve as strategic curriculum transitions, encouraging systems-level thinking and preparing students for modern engineering challenges. It concludes that universities have the freedom to develop distinctive curricula and authentic assessment models, validated through both academic and professional accreditation processes. A reverse-engineering-led Formula Student curriculum could provide a more engaging, rigorous, and industry-relevant model for Engineering 2030.

As time goes by, challenges related to food production and supply have increased, becoming a critical factor in ensuring food security worldwide. This situation has favored the practice of sustainable activities and consumption of organic products. Aquaponics has become an alternative system for food production where hydroponics (growing plants in water without soil) and aquaculture (breeding of aquatic species) are integrated. However, supply of aquaponic systems in Mexico is limited, and usually they must be imported from abroad; also, most people have implemented aquaponic systems at home improvisedly, adapting prefabricated elements faulty in operation and with an unattractive design. In this research paper a conceptual Aquaponic System (as) design was developed for a self-consumption scale, intended for men and women from 24 to 35 years old, belonging to the socioeconomic levels A / B and C+ from Huajuapan de Leon, Oaxaca. These people live in an urban arid region where there i...

This paper is aimed at generating element stiffness matrices for the family of triangular elements using Universal Matrix Method and performing a CPU time efficiency analysis and comparison of stiffness coefficients deviation (error). The interpolation functions of the field variable function (displacement) are to be integrated explicitly once and for all when geometric transformation function is linear, to give the constant universal matrices. This makes the generation of stiffness matrix a simple addition of universal matrices rather than integration of functions.

In this paper we have design a model and it consists of two chambers with different dimensions, the chambers are
linked by a narrow channel and these two chambers are thermally contact with two temperature and channel
valves are thermally insulated. Using slip condition on the surfaces of valves in the vicinity of channels. The results
shows that in the steady state there is no net flow through the channel but the flow parallel to the walls in the
direction of thermal gradient develops due to thermal creep.

This paper presents investigation of PMMA grade material for use in a Two-wheeler speedometer lens application. Of all the various components that make up the speedometer the lens is directly visible to the rider and hence correct and clear display of information is important as it directly affects their decision making. Mold flow analysis is carried out to establish the molding parameters and defects if any. From the risk assessment derived from the DFMEA and customer specific test standards CAE analysis has been carried at loading conditions of tightening torque of two different cases, modal analysis and harmonic response are simulated to check for any adverse stresses and deformations for any fouling and cracking at lens within frequency range of interest.

Online media are becoming extra attention those days. Public and personal evaluation on a extensive collection of topics are communicated and unfold always by diverse on line media. Twitter is one of the on line media this is obtaining prominence. Twitter gives association’s short and compelling method to research clients' viewpoints closer to the primary to accomplishment within side the industrial Centre. Building up a software for belief research is a manner to cope with be applied to computationally degree clients' insights. This paper investigates the plan of a end examination, setting apart a massive degree of tweets. Prototyping is applied on this flip of events. Results set up clients' factor of view thru tweets into fantastic and negative, that is addressed in a pie define and html page. Nonetheless, this system has desired to create on an internet utility framework, but due to restrict of Django which may be bartered with a Linux employee or LAMP, for added this system ought to be finished.

This thesis investigates the potential of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) as transformative technologies for industrial maintenance. As modern industrial systems become increasingly complex—characterized by extended life cycles, high variability of components, and growing demands for efficiency—traditional maintenance practices reveal significant limitations in information access, diagnostic accuracy, and operator support. Through a comprehensive literature analysis and a structured examination of Mixed Reality (MR) frameworks, the research outlines how AR and VR can enhance maintenance processes by improving data visualization, operator training, cognitive support, and real‑time decision‑making.
The thesis presents a detailed information framework designed to support the integration of AR and VR into diagnostic, repair, and performance‑analysis workflows. Case studies and technological evaluations highlight both the benefits of these systems—such as reduced training time, improved first‑time fix rates, and remote expert assistance—and the challenges, including hardware constraints, limited field of view, and insufficient digitalization within organizations.
The study concludes that AR and VR represent viable and advantageous solutions for modern maintenance environments, while also identifying future research directions, including multimodal interaction tracking, integration with analytical tools, and the development of intelligent, adaptive maintenance systems. These findings confirm that immersive technologies have the potential to significantly transform maintenance operations in terms of efficiency, safety, and knowledge management.

Objective: Many computer navigation systems have recently been developed for brain surgery, and the use of such systems in orthopedic surgery is increasing. Intraoperative registration of preoperative images is one of the most important steps in controlling the overall accuracy of computer navigation systems. Various parameters, such as CT-scan slice thickness, reconstruction pitch, intraoperative data sampling area, and data sampling volume, may affect the accuracy of registration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the aforementioned parameters on the accuracy of registration for hip surgery performed through a posterolateral approach, and to find a clinically suitable trade-off between accuracy and surgical invasiveness. Materials and Methods: One cadaveric pelvis and one cadaveric femur were used for this study. Four alumina ceramic balls with a diameter of 28 rnm and within 1 micrometer of sphericity were attached to the pelvis, and three similar balls attached to the femur, to determine relative position. CT-scan images of the pelvis and femur were obtained with a helical scanner. Three sets of slice thickness and slice pitch were chosen for data acquisition, and two additional sets of reconstructed data were made. Bone contours were extracted by cutting out the surrounding substrate at a given C T number threshold, and surface models of the bone were made from the resultant data. The positions of the pelvis and femur were tracked by LED markers attached to the bone using an optical three-dimensional position sensor (OPTOTRAIC). Registration of the computer models to the real objects was performed by measuring the position of a certain number of surface points on each object with an OPTOTRAK pen-probe. Results and Conclusion: Slice thickness and reconstruction pitch affected the accuracy of registration. As the sampling area was expanded from the periarticular area to the distant peripheral area, accuracy increased slightly. Accuracy did not increase when the whole area was used, but in fact decreased, especially in the femur. The positive effect of increasing the number of sampling points was saturated at 30 points when the surface of the periarticular area was sampled. The following trade-off between accuracy and invasiveness, in terms of various parameters of preoperative and

Phased array ultrasonic testing (UT) is an advanced technique applying ultrasound wave vibration theory to detect the flaw in tested materials by imaging. In this research, computer 3-D visualization of the flaw through calibrating the ultrasonic phased array image is proposed. 3-D calibration for ultrasonic phased array image is a procedure to calculate the spatial transformation matrix, spatial relationship between the US image plane and the tracker attached to the UT probe. The calibration method depends on a cross-string phantom and the corresponding algorithm. The phantom with a set of crosses guiding the operator quickly to find the scanning plane. The ten string crosses in the scanning plane provide the coordinates and spatial vectors for the calibration algorithm, thus the calibration algorithm can be realized based on the least-squares fitting method of the homologous points matching. Select the points having different distances and angles with the reference point to calculate the matrix and average them as the final result. The results show that the scanning plane positioning time is no more than 5 s. The precision and the accuracy results are the same as that is obtained through the other published methods in the medical 3-D ultrasound image calibration. The results make the 3-D flaw model reconstruction possible in phased array ultrasonic NDT. It will reduce the difficulties in the flaw recognizing and localization.

Over the past few decades of computer aided engineering growth there has been much more progress in increasing the power and capability of function specific engineering tools (e.g., optical design, finite element analysis, etc.) than in the integration of and communication between these tools. With only a few notable exceptions, such as FEA being imbedded into solid modeling, the communication method between the function specific tools continues to be dominated by translation to neutral data formats (e.g., IGES, STEP) and file transfer. There are a number of problems with this approach. The translation is a serial process where an engineer has to stop at some point in the design, make the neutral file, send that file to the next function, and wait for feedback. The translation through a neutral format is typically one way so the whole translation process has to be repeated when changes are required. Revision tracking of multiple files for each design iteration is both critical and a likely source of errors. Also, as with any translation, some information is always lost or corrupted in the process. This paper describes some progress that has been made in more tightly integrating optical design, mechanical design, fabrication, and testing of optical systems. Tools have been developed that connect CODE V ® to SolidWorks ®[2] (bidirectional), compensation of diamond turning CNC from interferometric data, slope analysis from interferometer and profilometer data, and other tools for wavefront error compensation, and electronic nulls. Design, machining, testing and inspection efficiency gains are achieved through tools that consume mechanical solid models in their native format.

L’aparició de la COVID-19 ha accelerat els canvis en recerca i docència que l’actual Departament d’Enginyeria Gràfica i de Disseny (DEGD) de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya ha implementat en el darrer bienni. Les millores de les tècniques d’aprenentatge han permès aproximar-se una mica més a l’excel·lència docent en Grau, Màster i Doctorat, complint amb el nostre encàrrec de qualitat i adaptant la instrucció a les necessitats actuals de la societat. Les àrees de recerca del centenar llarg de professors que formen el DEGD són àmplies i variades, àdhuc tenen l’avantatge que estan en permanent col·laboració amb grups d’investigació, tant de la mateixa UPC com d’altres universitats. La incorporació de nous investigadors fruit de les darreres convocatòries internacionals, ha permès incrementar i diversificar la massa crítica d’expertesa del departament. En aquest llibre trobareu una mostra significativa de la recerca avançada, pluridisciplinària, multivariable i heterogènia de la...

The objectives of this study were to determine Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emission signatures of nine typical building materials by using Proton Transfer Reaction -Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS), and to explore the correlation between the PTR-MS measurements and the measurements of acceptability by human subjects. VOC emissions from each material were measured in a 50-L small-scale chamber. Chamber air was sampled by PTR-MS to determine emission signatures. Sorbent tube sampling and TD-GC/MS analysis were also performed to identify the major VOCs emitted and to compare the resulting data with the PTR-MS emission signatures. The data on the acceptability of air quality assessed by human subjects were obtained from a previous experimental study in which the emissions from the same batch of materials were determined under the same area-specific ventilation rates as in the case of the measurements with PTR-MS. Results show that PTR-MS can be an effective tool for establishing VOC emission signatures of material types, and that there were reasonable correlations between the PTR-MS measurements and the acceptability of air quality for the nine materials tested when the sum of selected major individual VOC odor indices was used to represent the emission level measured by PTR-MS. Emission signature, PTR-MS, GC/MS, perceived air quality, VOC The study shows that unique emission patterns may exist for different types of building materials. These patterns, or signatures, can be established by using PTR-MS, an on-line monitoring device. The sum of selected major individual VOC odor indices determined by PTR-MS correlates well with the acceptability of air quality assessed by human subjects, and hence provides a feasible approach to assessing perceived indoor air quality. This on-line assessment will open a new gate in understanding the role of VOC emissions from building materials on perceived air quality, forming a good foundation to develop real-time or near real-time methods for standard material emission testing and labeling, quality control of emissions from materials, and assessing the acceptability of air quality in buildings.

It is important to teach metal forming processes in undergraduate courses of Mechanical Engineering because they are widely used in the manufacturing industry. There is a great difficulty when teaching hot forging due to complex forging dies, high capacity presses, and billets at high temperatures. Numerical simulation does not provide a definitive response about the process because of the uncertainties about plastic behavior of the deformed material, and tribological conditions at the interface billet-dies. Physical modeling has been applied to validate numerical simulation results, because it involves low investments in equipment and tools and allows the analysis of metal flow.

This paper presents the computer-aided modeling, assembly, and review of an automotive rack and pinion steering system developed using Pro/ENGINEER (Creo). The objective of the study is to demonstrate the application of modern CAD integrated tools for understanding part interaction, motion transmission, and performance characteristics of steering mechanisms. Detailed three-dimensional parametric models of the steering wheel, steering column, universal joint, pinion gear, rack, and steering rods were created and assembled with appropriate mechanical constraints to replicate real-world steering motion. Mechanism simulation was performed to analyze the kinematic behavior of the system, including rack displacement as a function of pinion rotation and steering wheel input. Steering geometry parameters such as steering ratio and wheel steering angles were evaluated from the simulated motion. In addition, finite element analysis was conducted on critical components of the steering assembly to assess stress distribution and structural integrity under representative steering loads. The results indicate that the modeled rack and pinion system exhibits smooth motion transfer, predictable steering response, and adequate safety margins for typical passenger-vehicle operating conditions. The study highlights the effectiveness of CAD-based modeling and virtual simulation as powerful tools for mechanical design education and earlystage product development. By enabling rapid visualization, performance evaluation, and design iteration without physical prototyping, the approach supports efficient optimization of automotive steering systems and provides valuable insight into the integration of design, analysis, and simulation in modern mechanical engineering practice.

This paper provides the guidelines for the practical development of novel advanced test beds for passive intermodulation (PIM) measurements. The proposed test beds are highperformance and flexible, allowing for the measurement of several PIM signals of different orders, with two or more input carriers. In contrast to classic test beds for satellite hardware, based on the cascaded connection of several elements, an integrated solution involving the minimum number of hardware pieces is proposed. The result is a lower number of flanged interconnections thus reducing residual PIM level and insertion losses. In addition, return loss degradation and harmful spurious generation in the interconnections are also avoided. Measurement test beds for conducted and radiated PIM, in both transmitted and reflected directions, are discussed, highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of each configuration. Design guidelines for the key components are fully discussed. Illustrative application examples are also reported. Finally, excellent experimental results obtained from low-PIM measurement setups, working from C band to Ka band, are shown, thus fully confirming the validity of the proposed configurations.

In recent years both industry and the academic world are becoming more and more interested in techniques to model, analyse and control complex systems such as flexible production systems, parallel processing systems, railway traffic networks and so on. This kind of systems are typical examples of discrete event dynamic systems, the subject of an emerging discipline in systems and control theory. In this paper we present an overview of some of the important methodologies for discrete event dynamic systems. All these methods have been studied intensively by the authors in the framework of projects. * This paper presents research results of the Belgian programme on interuniversity attraction poles (IUAP-17 and IUAP-50) initiated by the Belgian State, Prime Minister's Office for Science, Technology and Culture. The scientific responsibility is assumed by its authors.

In the era of information overload, retrieving relevant images efficiently from large-scale databases is critical in different fields, such as document analysis, medical imaging, remote sensing, and surveillance. This paper introduces a novel image retrieval model called the Hybrid Quantum Neural Networks (HQNN). The proposed model embeds parameterised quantum circuits within a classical CNN architecture to enhance feature representation and reduce parameter overhead. Compact features extracted from convolutional layers are processed through parallel quantum layers to capture high-level feature abstractions and obtain more accurate results. Various similarity measures, including Quantum, Euclidean, and Manhattan, are employed to achieve final retrieval results. We evaluated the proposed model on the Corel-5K dataset, and the results revealed that HQNN outperformed its classical CNN counterpart. Notably, HQNN achieved a Top-20 precision of 85.57% with quantum similarity, surpassing the classical CNN's performance. These findings validate the potential and suitability of quantum computing in content-based image retrieval (CBIR). This work contributes to the growing field of Quantum Machine Learning (QML), offering a promising direction for next-generation intelligent image retrieval systems.

This study deals with stress analysis of functionally graded discs subjected to internal pressure and various temperature distributions, such as uniform T, linearly increasing To, and decreasing Ti temperatures in radial directions. For analytical study, the closed-form solutions for stresses and displacements are obtained by using the infinitesimal deformation theory of elasticity. For graded parameters, power law functions are used in analytical and numerical solutions. For numerical study, discs are modeled and analyzed by using a commercial finite element program, ANSYS®. Metal matrix composite, AlSiC, is selected as disc material. Results obtained both analytical and numerical solutions are found very well consistent with each other. The tangential stresses are found higher than the radial stresses at the inner surface for all thermal loads, and they vary from compressive to tensile and from tensile to compressive depending on the functionally graded material (FGM) properties a...

Cyberspace is a domain that uses the electronic and electromagnetic spectrum to store, modify, and exchange data through network and system-related physical infrastructures. Cyberspace is an endless space known as the Internet. Computer transactions, especially transactions between different computers, can be viewed as a space. Images and text on the Internet exist in cyberspace. The term is used in conjunction with virtual reality, giving the name of the imaginary place where a virtual object exists. If a computer creates a picture of a building that allows the architect to "walk in" and see what the nature of a design is, the building is said to be in cyberspace.Cybercrime is a series of organized criminal attack cyberspace and cyber security. Cybercrime such as Hacking into computer,this can be through a network system and clicking on unfamiliar links connecting to unrecognized Wi-Fi, downloading software and files to unsafe sites, consuming energy, electromagnetic radi...

It is becoming increasingly essential to predict the exact behavior of cold forging die during the forging process and it is also important to optimize the die design for its durability and to reduce the production cost of the die. Optimization of cold forging die design is required to reduce the production cost of die as well as the forged part and also to increase the accuracy of the die and the forged part. Since the past few years computer aided engineering (CAE) techniques have been widely used for research in metal forming. Amongst them finite element analyses (FEA) have been greatly successful to provide the understanding of metal flow and die stresses for different forming processes. The present work is a review of the existing die design techniques which are used in forging process to enhance the die design and to optimize die design process which will improve the performance of die. In cold forging the die will under go high loads, hence it is essential to know Fatigue behavior and Fatigue Failure of the die when it has been under go cyclic loading. The study end up with future challenges of the die design and its processes, the approaches adopted to develop an optimum system that can fulfill the customer demand.

Garggal valósítottuk meg összehangolt aktív kooperáció keretében. Ennek keretében jól kihasználtuk azt, hogy az egyes laboratóriumokban egymást kölcsönösen kiegészítő mintaelőállítási és vizsgálati módszerek vannak. Az összehangolt kutatások végzésére 1997-ben megalakítottuk a Surface Technology International elnevezésű nemzetközi szervezetet. A szóban forgó témában mi végeztük az elektrokémiailag leválasztott és párologtatással készített minták előállításának egy részét, valamint ezen és más minták hőkezelését. A szerkezeti vizsgálatok közül röntgendiffrakciós méréseket, az elektronmikroszkópos mérések egy részét, a DTA méréseket, valamint szobahőmérsékleti konverziós elektron-, ezenkívül a szobahőmérsékleti és alacsonyhőmérsékleti transzmissziós Mössbauer-méréseket. A minták korróziós vizsgálatának egy részét szintén a magyar fél hajtotta végre. A skót és a bolgár partner állította elő az elektrokémiai minták legnagyobb részét. Az ukrán partner készítette a gyorshűtött amorf mintákat. Az orosz partner néhány alacsony hőmérsékleti Mössbauer-mérést végzett. Az olasz partner végezte a párologtatással és ion besugárzással brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

As time goes by, challenges related to food production and supply have increased, becoming a critical factor in ensuring food security worldwide. This situation has favored the practice of sustainable activities and consumption of organic products. Aquaponics has become an alternative system for food production where hydroponics (growing plants in water without soil) and aquaculture (breeding of aquatic species) are integrated. However, supply of aquaponic systems in Mexico is limited, and usually they must be imported from abroad; also, most people have implemented aquaponic systems at home improvisedly, adapting prefabricated elements faulty in operation and with an unattractive design. In this research paper a conceptual Aquaponic System (as) design was developed for a self-consumption scale, intended for men and women from 24 to 35 years old, belonging to the socioeconomic levels A / B and C+ from Huajuapan de Leon, Oaxaca. These people live in an urban arid region where there i...

The natural world spans vast length and time scales, while engineering design typically focuses on a narrow spectrum dominated by a single scale. Multiscale modelling bridges this gap by linking atomic, microstructural, and continuum levels, enabling advanced design and innovation. Within the M5 framework-comprising Multimaterial, Multifunctional, Multiscale, Multiphysics, and Multimodal domains-multiscale modelling plays a pivotal role in integrating insights across scales to optimize performance. This report reviews the fundamentals of multiscale modelling and demonstrates its application through a case study of wind turbine blades, where atomic-scale carbon structures are connected to macro-scale structural performance, highlighting the transformative potential of this approach for next-generation engineering design.

Objective: Many computer navigation systems have recently been developed for brain surgery, and the use of such systems in orthopedic surgery is increasing. Intraoperative registration of preoperative images is one of the most important steps in controlling the overall accuracy of computer navigation systems. Various parameters, such as CT-scan slice thickness, reconstruction pitch, intraoperative data sampling area, and data sampling volume, may affect the accuracy of registration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the aforementioned parameters on the accuracy of registration for hip surgery performed through a posterolateral approach, and to find a clinically suitable trade-off between accuracy and surgical invasiveness. Materials and Methods: One cadaveric pelvis and one cadaveric femur were used for this study. Four alumina ceramic balls with a diameter of 28 rnm and within 1 micrometer of sphericity were attached to the pelvis, and three similar balls attached to the femur, to determine relative position. CT-scan images of the pelvis and femur were obtained with a helical scanner. Three sets of slice thickness and slice pitch were chosen for data acquisition, and two additional sets of reconstructed data were made. Bone contours were extracted by cutting out the surrounding substrate at a given C T number threshold, and surface models of the bone were made from the resultant data. The positions of the pelvis and femur were tracked by LED markers attached to the bone using an optical three-dimensional position sensor (OPTOTRAIC). Registration of the computer models to the real objects was performed by measuring the position of a certain number of surface points on each object with an OPTOTRAK pen-probe. Results and Conclusion: Slice thickness and reconstruction pitch affected the accuracy of registration. As the sampling area was expanded from the periarticular area to the distant peripheral area, accuracy increased slightly. Accuracy did not increase when the whole area was used, but in fact decreased, especially in the femur. The positive effect of increasing the number of sampling points was saturated at 30 points when the surface of the periarticular area was sampled. The following trade-off between accuracy and invasiveness, in terms of various parameters of preoperative and

End-user computing enables non-developers to handle data and applications, boosting collaboration and productivity. Spreadsheets are a key example of end-user programming environments that are extensively utilized in business for data analysis. However, the functionalities of Excel have limitations compared to specialized programming languages. This study aims to address this shortcoming by proposing a prototype that integrates Python's features into Excel via standalone desktop Python-based user-defined functions (UDFs). This method mitigates potential latency concerns linked to cloudbased solutions. This study employs Excel-DNA (dynamic network access) and IronPython; Excel-DNA facilitates the creation of custom Python functions that integrate smoothly with Excel's calculation engine, while IronPython allows these Python UDFs to run directly within Excel. Core components include C# and visual studio tools office (VSTO) add-ins, which enable communication between Python and Excel. This approach grants users the chance to execute Python UDFs for various tasks such as mathematical computations and predictionsall within the familiar Excel environment. The prototype showcases seamless integration, enabling users to invoke Python-based UDFs just like built in Excel functions. This study enhances the capabilities of spreadsheets by harnessing Python's strengths within Excel. Future work may focus on expanding the Python UDF library and examining user experiences with this innovative approach to data analysis.

Vector algebra and vector analysis. Nabla operator. Vector identities. Curvilinear, cylindrical, spherical coordinates. Metric coefficients. Coordinate transformations: unit vectors, components, products. Differential operators in curvilinear, cylindrical, spherical coordinates. Poisson's equation. Helmholtz theorem. Application of Poynting's theorem to a coaxial cable in continuous mode. Complex vectors. Polarisation of vectors. Decomposition of a generic polarisation. The polarisation ellipse. Secondary constants of media. Phase and attenuation constants for uniform plane waves. Media losses. Kramers-Krönig relations. Uniform plane waves. TE, TM and TEM plane waves. Poynting vector for plane waves. Poynting vector for normal incidence of uniform plane waves. Smith chart for admittances. Matching with a stub. Matching with a double stub. Standing wave ratio. Bibliography.

This technical report introduces, Multimaterial design as a core element within the broader M5enabled Engineering Innovation framework, alongside Multiscale, Multiphysics, Multifunctional, and Multimodal components. Positioned at the intersection of MultiScale and MultiPhysics domains, MultiMaterial design expands the engineering solution space by integrating materials with complementary properties to overcome conflicting requirements of strength, weight, cost, and performance. This report outlines the evolution of multimaterial design through the 4-Blocker Framework, highlights natural inspirations and manufacturing enablers, and emphasizes the role of computational CAE tools in integrating complex material systems. A case study on Floor Reaction Orthosis (FRO) demonstrates the comparative advantages of nylon, steel, CFRP, and a multimaterial hybrid design. Results revealed that multimaterial systems offers favourable balance of stiffness, weight, and cost, validating their potential as a transformative approach to engineering innovation.

The internet of Things has become a crucial technology, enabling the interconnection of everyday devices like home appliances, medical equipment and vehicles. However, the sensitive data handled by IoT systems, particularly in the healthcare sector, requi environments requires sophisticated techniques. IoT network traffic and predict snooping identify network traffic attacks by employing different strategies utilizing the NT Naïve Bayes(NB), Random Forest(RF), Support Vector Machin over centralized methods to construct streamlined security system for IoT devices. Prior to analysis the dataset underwent preprocessing to eliminate irrelevant or missing data. Following this, a feat to extract crucial features. The results from applying each classifier demonstrated a significant maximum classification accuracy of 98% achieved by the RF model.

This paper summarizes and introduces the Collaborative Visualization Environment (CoVE) at the Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory (ASDL) at Georgia Tech. The CoVE is an advanced visualization facility consisting of an 18 ft x 10 ft display wall for high-resolution real-time visualization in support of collaborative design activities. Incorporating the latest advances in computing technology and graphics processing, the CoVE allows for the simultaneous display of a large amount of information and manages this information in a way that facilitates increased awareness of the design. Tools and techniques developed at ASDL not only increase the speed and fidelity of the design process but also allow for increased transparency of this process. For the first time, a sensitivity matrix with over sixty independent and dependent variables can be visualized simultaneously. This is in contrast to a typical display system where only about 15% of the information associated with a problem can be simultaneously visualized. January 2004, it has been used by hundreds of engineers, technologists and decision makers from industry and government including General Electric, Pratt & Whitney, Raytheon, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Rolls-Royce, NAVAIR, the Navy Labs, and NASA to name a few. Over 120 graduate students and 20 research engineers have utilized this advanced facility to demonstrate design tools and methods for a wide variety of unconventional, multi-mission systems. In 2005, the CoVE will be upgraded to include high-fidelity physics-based computing capability supported by Dell ® high performance computing clusters. This technology will enable greater design space exploration and the analysis of technologies for large scale systems-of-systems.

The field of computer vision has advanced significantly in the last several years, especially in the areas of object tracking and detection. This research offers a thorough analysis of the use of a vehicle tracking and detection model that makes use of DeepSORT (Deep Simple Online and Realtime Tracking) for tracking and YOLOv8 (You Only Look Once version 8) for detection. By combining these state-of-the-art methods, it will be possible to track and identify vehicles in a variety of situations in real-time, improving surveillance and traffic management as well as autonomous vehicle navigation. This project intends to develop computer vision applications in the transportation and surveillance sectors by means of a thorough examination and experimentation.

In this paper, incremental computation of schedules for complex discrete event systems in an uncertain environment is studied. Uncertainties are assumed to occur due to uncontrollable events. A particular class of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) with partial precedence constraints is proposed where some operations are performed with total precedence constraints and others with full routing flexibility (namely partial routing FMSs). Interruptions may occur due to unavailability of resources and interruption of operations. Such interruptions may deviate the trajectory from the planed schedule. For the modeling of the partial routing FMS, a systematic multi-level formalism based on the hierarchical structuration of the operations is introduced. Then, the risk of deviation is integrated and a new cost function is defined accordingly. Finally, a modified beam search algorithm referred to as generation double filtered beam search algorithm that accelerates the convergence of the method is proposed. The new algorithm is based on a new filtering mechanism that uses the cost function to selectively explore the state space of Petri net model in order to find a control sequence from an initial state to a reference one with a trade-off between performance and robustness. Examples are used to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed scheduling approach.

Coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures and other exposed datapath architectures such as transport-triggered architectures come with a high energy efficiency promise for accelerating data oriented workloads. Their main drawback results from the push of complexity from the architecture to the programmer; compiler techniques that allow starting from a higher-level programming language and generate code efficiently to such architectures robustly is still an open research area. In this article we survey the known main sources of challenges and outline a generic processor architecture template that covers the most common architecture variations along with a proposal for a common code generation framework for such challenging architectures. • Software and its engineering → Retargetable compilers; • Computer systems organization → Reconfigurable computing.

The use of special instructions that execute complex operation patterns is a common approach in application specific processor design to improve performance and efficiency. However, in an embedded generic processor with compact instruction set architecture (ISA), such instructions may lead to large overhead as: i) more bits are needed to encode the extra opcodes and operands, resulting in wider instructions; ii) more register file (RF) ports are required to provide the extra operands to the function units. Such overhead may increase energy consumption considerably. In this paper, we propose to support flexible operation pair patterns in a processor with a compact 24-bit RISC-like ISA using: i) a partially reconfigurable decoder that exploits the locality of patterns to reduce the requirement for opcode space; ii) a software controlled bypass network to reduce the requirement for operand encoding and RF ports. We also propose an energy-aware compiler backend design for the proposed architecture that performs pattern selection and bypass-aware scheduling to generate energy efficient codes. Though proposed design imposes extra constraints on the operation patterns, the experimental results show that the average dynamic instruction count is reduced by over 25%, which is only about 2% less than the architecture without such constraints. Due to the low overhead, the total energy of the proposed architecture reduces by an average of 15.8% compared to the RISC baseline, while the one without constraints achieves almost no energy improvement.