Consumption Studies

This chapter examines the consolidation of a second-hand clothing marketplace in Monterrey, Mexico, composed of street markets (tianguis), thrift bazaars, and consignment stores. Drawing on ethnographic research and observations of both physical and digital marketplaces, it shows how garments discarded in the United States enter local commercial circuits through the trade of paca clothing and are subsequently revalued through processes of selection, curation, and resale. The chapter argues that these different venues constitute an interconnected commercial device that links economic practices, social relationships, and identity formation. Far from being restricted to lower-income sectors, second-hand clothing consumption cuts across social classes and generations, driven by motivations that include affordability, the search for authenticity, personal style, and environmental concerns. The Monterrey case demonstrates how global trends related to fashion, reuse, and circular consumption are locally appropriated and integrated into distinctive ways of dressing, assigning new meanings and values to used garments within everyday urban life

Since the 80s to now, the move of the U.S. Banking and Financial System towards an ‘ Upstream Banking and Financial System ’ has required massive investment into the improvement of the ‘Capital Deepening’ and ‘ Multi factor productivity Growth’ of the U.S. Banking System. Furthermore, it has also called a massive recruitment of ‘ Upstream Skills and Competencies ’ on the one hand and also a massive investment into the development of ‘ Digital Trade ’ and the use of ‘Credit Card’ and ‘ Credit Card Debt ’ on the second hand.
However, differences in ‘ Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity ’  and their impact on consumption mainly in context of an overwhelming importance of ‘Digital Trade’ and uncertainty with its associated increase of inflationary pressure have made it easier for the U.S. Banking and Financial System to prioritize ‘ Middle Age Adults and Seniors ’ including ‘ Silent Generations, Baby Boomers and GenX ’ because compare to the  as Millennials and GenZ, they became ‘ Quality-sensitive Consumers ’ and  ‘ Capital Owners, High-income Workers and Wealthiest Americans ’  that provide ‘ High ROI ’ mainly due to their ability of concentrating ‘ U.S. Wealth’ in their hands.
However, prioritizing only the ‘ Silent Generations and Baby Boomers’ could be a huge mistake for the U.S. Banking System due to some  ‘Specific Characteristics of the Consumption, Saving, Investment and Entrepreneurship’ associated with Age. In fact, for the past 50 years, wealthiest and ageing consumers became the backbone of the U.S. consumption.
However, with the age and regarding the Pyramid of Maslow, the Marginal Propensity to Consume of the Silent and Earlier Generation and the Baby Boomers has tended to target more the consumption of Tertiary Goods and Services than the one of Primary and Secondary Goods and Services.
Since then, even when the growing demand for Tertiary Goods and Services by the ‘ Silent and Earlier Generation and Baby Boomers ’ has become the driving force of the move of the Economy towards Service Economy, it has also played an important role into the ‘ Deindustrialization of the U.S.’ due to the significant decline of the demand for Primary and Secondary Goods and Services the increase of the ageing populations has enhanced. Furthermore, even when more studies will be needed in order to be affirmative, the growing importance of the ageing populations in the U.S. and the concentration of wealth in their hands on the one hand and their impact on the financial market on the second hand may have played role into into the ‘ Financialization of the U.S. Economy’ with its associated ‘Deindustrialization of the U.S. Economy’.
As a result, even when importing ‘ Low-cost Downstream and Middlestream Goods and Services ’  from the Low-cost Locations has helped improve the wellbeing of the U.S. Low-wage Workers, this characteristic of the consumption of the ‘ Silent and Earlier Generation, Baby Boomers and GenX ’  on the one hand and their role into the ‘ Financialization and the Deindustrialization of the U.S. Economy’ on the second hand could be considered as  key driving factors of the U.S. Structural Trap that is now accelerating the move of the U.S. Politics towards Political Extremism, Violence and Instability while preventing the U.S. from achieving a ‘Full-employment’ and accelerating its Manufacturing Renaissance. Unfortunately, those ‘Destructive Effects’ of the increase of ‘Wealthiest Ageing Populations’ are also seen throughout some ‘ Specific Characteristics of the Saving, Investment and Entrepreneurship’ associated with Age. In fact, James Michael WALKER (2024, 2025 and 2026) found that for the past 50 years, the U.S. has been locked into a ‘ Vicious Circle’ of an increase of ‘ Twin Deficits’ (Budget and Trade Deficits) with its associated ‘ Decrease of Domestic and Foreign Investments’.
Unfortunately, the increase of the ageing populations could significantly reduce the U.S. Domestic Investments, forcing the U.S. to continue to rely on foreigners for its investments and future. In fact, Neoclassical Growth Theory found that slower labor force growth associated with population aging should reduce the demand for domestic investment, offsetting part or all of the expected decline in domestic saving (Burtless, Gary et al., 2004). Furthermore, ageing populations are risk averse.
In so doing, they could have negative effects on ‘Risky Investments’ associated with deployment of AI. In fact,  Banks, James et al. (2020) found that health deterioration associated with age decreases the  willingness to take risks. Moreover, Aravind and Manojkrishnan (2024) found that risk appetite decreases with age, and people prefer stable returns to volatility as their age progresses. Furthermore, Bartczak, Isabela (2025) found that even when the growing importance of the ‘Ageing Populations’ increases the ‘ Supply of Loanable Funds’, risk appetites and propensity to make large investments, such as purchasing a home, decrsase in older age.
As a result, older populations may have less demand for loans,  further driving down interest. Moreover, the  brain’s dysfunctioning of the ageing populations could prevent them to capture potential benefits of learning offered by the reskilling and upskilling opportunities and seize income and wealth opportunities offered by the deployment of AI. In fact, even when currently Silent and Earlier Generation,  Baby Boomers  and GenX concentrate currently wealth in their hands, over time, the reduction of the plasticity of their brains associated with age could make it easier for them to miss opportunity of upskilling and reskilling required by the deployment of AI even when when some could continue to work. Since then, prioritizing only the  Silent and Earlier Generation and the Baby Boomers could threaten the future of the U.S. Banking System and by extension the one of the U.S. because it could negatively affect investment and innovation on the one hand and prevent massive investment needed for the deployment of Humanoid Robots Era and Automation and AI Age on the second hand.
At the end, it could prevent the U.S. from winning the race to AI Supremacy and Global Leadership against the U.S.

Key Words : Upstream Banking and Financial System ; Middle Age Adults ; Seniors ;  Silent Generations ; Baby Boomers ; GenX ; Millennials ; GenZ ; Quality-sensitive Consumers ;  Capital Owners ; High-income Workers ;  Wealthiest Americans ; Consumption ; Saving ; Investment ; Entrepreneurship ;  Humanoid Robots Era ; Automation and AI Age ; Race To AI Supremacy and Global Leadership.

In der Spring School „Music at Home. Music Making, Cultural Exchange and Knowledge Transfer in the Domestic Space”, die vom 25.-28. März 2026 an der Hochschule für Musik Theater und Medien in Hannover stattfindet, werden wir uns mit musikbezogenen Praktiken vor allem des 19. Jahrhunderts auseinandersetzen, die im privaten Wohnhaus stattfanden. Dabei werden wir über die Charakteristiken privater Räume verschiedener Epochen nachdenken und was diese ermöglicht, aber auch verhindert haben bzw. wie Menschen dadurch gefördert oder begrenzt wurden. Oftmals intensiviert wurden innerhalb dieser nicht-öffentlichen, zum Teil auch geschützten, Räume unter anderem der Austausch und Wissenstransfer sowohl zwischen Kulturen als auch zwischen Generationen. Neben dem kulturellen Setting beschäftigen wir uns mit dem musikalischen Repertoire dieser vorinstitutionellen Musikorte. Welche Funktionen hatte die Musik und welche Weltbilder wurden durch sie vermittelt?
Die Spring School findet im Forschungszentrum Musik und Gender statt, was den Teilnehmenden die Möglichkeit bietet mit historischen Quellen aus dem Archiv des Forschungszentrums zu arbeiten und somit anhand von u.a. Bildpostkarten, Visitenkarten, Briefen, Binder’s Volumes, Autographenalben und Zeitschriften die musikalischen Welten privater Innenräume zu untersuchen. Sie wird von Dr. Carola Bebermeier (mdw Wien/HfM Karlsruhe) und Dr. Maren Bagge (HfM Weimar) geleitet. Unterstützt wird das Team durch die Musikwissenschaftlerin und Spezialistin für die Musikkultur von Frauen und von People of Color der USA Prof. Dr. Candace Bailey (North Carolina Central University) sowie die Amerikanistin und Expertin für Gender und Queer Studies Prof. Dr. Katrin Horn (Universität Greifswald). Die Kurssprachen sind Deutsch und Englisch.

A publicidade cria pequenas ficções que deslizam pelo cotidiano e moldam, com suavidade, o que vemos, o que desejamos e o que consumimos. Entre essas narrativas fugazes, o anúncio audiovisual “Cheers to all”, lançado pela Heineken em 2020, destaca-se por conjugar humor sutil, inversão de expectativas e discretos tensionamentos entre a virilidade masculina e a sensibilidade feminina. Partindo desse contexto, este estudo investiga como essa peça tece sentidos ao mobilizar estereótipos sedimentados e procedimentos próprios da Indústria Cultural. A pesquisa orientou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa, organizando-se em três movimentos: (i) descrição cuidadosa das cenas; (ii) análise discursiva dos efeitos de sentido; e (iii) interpretação crítica à luz de autores basilares e outros mais recentes que refletem sobre cultura de massa, publicidade e consumo simbólico. Os resultados revelam que o anúncio opera dentro de uma lógica de repetição elegante, na qual a diferença aparece como gesto coreográfico. A inversão entre cervejas e coquetéis desafia, mas não rompe, matrizes simbólicas que organizam o habitus de gênero. O humor suaviza a crítica e transmuta a tensão em espetáculo leve. Diante disso, conclui-se que o texto publicitário encena rupturas controladas e confirma permanências invisíveis, mantendo-se aberto a (in)conclusões. Seus sentidos podem ser revisitados por outras lentes teóricas, reafirmando que narrativas midiáticas nunca se esgotam em uma única leitura.

In the past three years, unemployment and income inequality have risen dramatically across Asian economies. The unemployment rate and the sensitive price index (SPI) of Pakistan in the post-COVID years have been surging continuously. This particular situation in Pakistan paints a discouraging picture. Faced with these challenges, the Pakistani government has continued its Benazir Income Support Program (BISP), which provides unconditional cash transfers to women living in poverty. This study evaluated Pakistan's largest unconditional cash transfer welfare program's association between BISP and women's financial inclusion. We conducted an extensive study using cross-sectional microdata from the Punjab Bureau of Statistics (BoS) Women's Economic and Social Wellbeing Survey (2022), covering approximately 32,878 women across 36 districts of Punjab, Pakistan. We employed the Logit and Probit models to determine whether the BISP program, as an unconditional cash transfer program, motivates recipient women to achieve financial inclusion (bank account ownership). Our findings suggest that BISP has a positive impact on financial inclusion, indicating that such government programs can contribute to women's empowerment and ultimately improve their financial standing. These results offer policy-relevant evidence for governments considering similar cash transfer programs, highlighting the enduring importance of education in empowering women to access and manage bank accounts.

A lesser-known secret about World War II is that it was a massive struggle between two opposing economic ideologies: capitalism and socialism. Unfortunately, the public is mostly unaware that the Nazi and Fascist ranks were chock-full of hardcore socialists and Marxist-lite ideologues. This was no accident. For decades, the public had been indoctrinated by socialist academicians who falsely claimed that Fascist leaders were the captains of industry, controlling the people like puppet masters pulling the strings of Adult Hitler and Benito Mussolini. This notion is purely pseudo-historical nonsense with no basis in fact. So, how do we know? It is easy. Just listen to what the German National Socialist and Italian Fascist leaders openly expressed their love of socialism and hatred of capitalism. They were not squeamish about their pep talks to eradicate capitalism, free choice, and economic liberty. For instance, Adolf Hitler himself pushed an extreme anti-capitalist narrative throughout many of his speeches, referring to "capitalistic people" as "unscrupulous exploitation of men."1 Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi Minister of Propaganda, was also a specialist devoted to spewing out not only the usual Nazi anti-capitalist rhetoric but explicitly pro-socialist visions for the future. For instance, not long after the invasion of Poland in 1939, Goebbels framed the Nazis' war with England in stark terms: "England is a capitalist democracy. Germany is a socialist people's state."2 Here, Goebbels proclaimed that the capitalists in England were the "richest men on earth. The broad masses, however, see little of this wealth."3 In that same "England's Guilt" speech, he throws more jabs at England's tightfisted plutocracy as compared to Nazi Germany's lavish support of social welfare programs, declaring: "It is also why English capitalists want to destroy Hitlerism. They see Hitlerism as all the generous social reforms that have occurred in Germany since 1933. The English plutocrats rightly fear that good things are contagious, that they could endanger English capitalism."4 And why was Goebbels so abhorrent to capitalism, like most Marxists? That question came up in Goebbels's "Lenin or Hitler" 1926 booklet, explaining that capitalism is "managed and exploited contrary to the people's welfare. Capitalism is the immoral distribution of capital."5 Goebbels not only opposed capitalism, but he 1

Thèse de doctorat en « Esthétique » « Lolita du texte à l'ećran : les enjeux de l'adaptation cineḿatographique de la metaphore » Récompensée par le prix international : "Zoran Kuzmanovich Prize for Best PhD Dissertation on Nabokov" https://thenabokovian.org/prizes Composition du jury : Madame Marie Bouchet, professeure des universiteś en litteŕature anglophone, Université Toulouse 2 (directrice) Madame Yannicke Chupin, maıtresse de confeŕences en litteŕature anglophone, CY Cergy Université Monsieur Laurent Jullier, professeur d'etudes cineḿatographiques à l'Institut Europeén de Cineḿa et d'Audiovisuel (IECA) de l'Université de Lorraine (pre-rapporteur) Madame Isabelle Poulin, professeure de litteŕature compareé. Université Bordeaux-Montaigne (prerapporteure) Madame Tiphaine Samoyault, directrice d'etudes, EHESS (preśidente) Monsieur Jean-Marie Schaeffer, directeur d'etudes eḿeŕite à l'EHESS (directeur) 2022-2023 Étudiante en cours préparatoires à l'agrégation de Lettres Modernes

Dongxin Electrical Carbon Factory in Zigong City, Sichuan Province (hereinafter referred to as Dongtan Factory) was a key enterprise of the Third Front Construction under the First Ministry of Machinery Industry. It was established in 1965 through the partial inland relocation of Harbin Electrical Carbon Factory, which was aided by the Soviet Union. The factory officially put into production in 1970 and underwent bankruptcy restructuring in 1996. By around 1980, Dongtan Factory had comprehensively surpassed the original Harbin Factory in product variety, quality, output value, and sales volume, becoming a leader in China’s electrical carbon industry. It also maintained the status of “the top tax and profit contributor” in Zigong City for a long time, known as the “Dongtan Miracle”. Many employees of Dongtan Factory experienced the inland relocation from Northeast China to Southwest China. The process included both the romantic fantasies from early publicity and the hardships faced during the relocation to Sichuan and factory construction. These experiences converged spontaneously in the historical memories of the participants into the so-called “Three Same-Year” myth, namely “designed in the same year, constructed in the same year, and put into production in the same year”. Centering on the core event of the inland relocation and construction process, this paper attempts to explore the complex self-identity cognition of the “Dongtan people” and the historical landscape reflected behind it.

四川省自贡市东新电碳厂（以下简称东碳厂）是第一 机械工业部下属的三线建设重点企业，由苏联援建的哈尔滨电碳厂 于1965 年部分内迁而成，1970 年正式投产，1996 年破产改制。东碳厂至1980 年左右，产品种类、质量、产值、销路全面赶超哈尔滨老厂，成为中国电碳行业龙头，并长期稳居自贡市“税利第一户”，被称作“东碳奇迹”。许多东碳厂职工都经历了从东北到西南的内迁，过程中既有前期宣传时的浪漫幻想，也有入川和办厂阶段面临的艰苦情状，它们在亲历者的历史记忆中不约而同地凝成所谓“三当年”神话，即“当年设计，当年施工，当年投产”。本文围绕内迁建设历程这一核心事件，尝试展开“东碳人”对自我身份的复杂认知，及其背后折射出的历史图景。

Resumen
El consumo textil en Cáceres presenta dos modelos muy diferenciados. La oligarquía accede a productos de distinto precio y calidad, incluidos los paños importados, de los que hace un aprovechamiento continuado. Los grupos populares consumen productos de bajo precio como sayal, blanqueta, paño pardo/pardillo o lienzo, aunque algunos vecinos empiezan a acceder en fechas avanzadas a productos de más calidad. Los canales de abastecimiento son variados y van desde las ferias de Medina del Campo a la producción doméstica. La feria local debió ser importante. Los comerciantes locales también disponen de productos de origen y calidad muy diversificados.

Abstract
Textile consumption in Cáceres presents two very different models. The oligarchyhas access to products of different prices and quality, including imported cloths, of which it makes extreme use. Popular groups consume low-priced products such as sackcloth, blanqueta, pardo/pardillo cloth or canvas, although some sectors are beginning to access higher quality products. The fabric supply are varied channels and range from the fairs in Medina del Campo to domestic production. The local fair must have been important. Local merchants also have products of very diversified origin and quality.

Le texte seul est utilisable sous licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Les autres éléments (illustrations, fichiers annexes importés) sont susceptibles d' être soumis à des autorisations d'usage spécifiques. Mathilde Legeay Représentations de l'intime dans l'Europe de la première modernité 184 los espacios de representación y los espacios íntimos en las residencias italianas de los siglos xvi y xvii. Sin mencionar específicamente lo íntimo o la intimidad, estas tres fuentes ponen de manifiesto-tanto en lo que se dice o se muestra como en lo que se omite-la existencia de estrategias orientadas hacia lo íntimo en las viviendas italianas de la época. Palabras clave: tratados de economía, tratados de arquitectura, pintura italiana, sirvientes, umbral

Este artigo discute que, embora o volume da população seja um aspecto relevante a se considerar na relação entre população e ambiente, existem outros fatores que podem ser ainda mais importantes. Na perspectiva demográfica, elementos como a composição e distribuição espacial da população são fundamentais. Em termos ambientais, o estilo de desenvolvimento e o nível de consumo são decisivos. O Brasil vive um momento de transições flagrantes. Por um lado, existe a transição demográfica (queda nas taxas de mortalidade e natalidade), marcada pelo rápido declínio na taxa de fecundidade total, de cerca de 6 filhos por mulher, em 1960, para menos de 2 filhos, em 2010. Por outro lado, há uma transição de consumo, discutida neste trabalho tendo como referência a melhoria da situação econômica do país e o aumento do consumo de água, que é causado tanto pela expansão do sistema de abastecimento em áreas urbanas quanto pela tendência de aumento do gasto per capita. Assim, enquanto houve uma redução significativa das taxas de crescimento populacional, o consumo de água apresentou tendência de aumento, como resultado de alterações nos padrões de acesso e níveis de consumo. Palavras-chave: Transição demográfica. Água. Consumo. População. Ambiente. * Os autores agradecem aos pareceristas e ao Comitê Editorial da Rebep pelas valorosas contribuições para o aprimoramento deste trabalho. Também agradecem aos técnicos do Ministério das Cidades, que esclareceram as dúvidas que surgiram no processo de trabalho com os dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento (SNIS). E aos financiamentos parciais do CNPq (Processo 311965/2013-0) e Projeto Urbis-Amazônia.

Dossier divulgación SEEM. Núm 4.

Título: Cómo estudiar la desigualdad económica y la distribución de la riqueza en época medieval

Presentación: ¿Cómo es posible estudiar la desigualdad económica y la distribución de la riqueza en época medieval?
Esther Tello Hernández

Medir y analizar la desigualdad: la metodología
David Carvajal de la Vega

El estudio de la desigualdad a través de la documentación fiscal
Laura Miquel Milian

Desigualdades materiales entre el campesinado bajomedieval. Riqueza mueble y cultura material de seis labradores valencianos
Luis Almenar Fernández

La Iglesia como indicador económico para estudiar la distribución de la riqueza en el territorio (Corona de Aragón, siglos XIII-XV)
Esther Tello Hernández

This study examines the impact of remittance utilization on the socioeconomic development of community people in Birendranagar-14, Surkhet. With foreign employment becoming a major livelihood option for many households in Nepal, remittances have emerged as a vital source of income. The primary objective of this research is to analyze how remittance income influences various aspects of socioeconomic development, including education, healthcare, housing, and daily living standards. To fulfill this objective, a quantitative research approach was employed. Primary data was collected through structured household surveys, conducted among 63 randomly selected families across of Ward No. 14. The survey questionnaire focused on remittance sources, utilization patterns, and the perceived impact on the community's standard of living. The findings show that remittances significantly contribute to improving the quality of life of migrant families. However, the study also identifies several challenges in the effective use of these funds, such as poor financial literacy, lack of investment planning, limited local opportunities, and inadequate government support. In many cases, remittance income is spent on consumption rather than being invested in productive sectors, which limits its long-term impact on local development.

Estudio de la desigualdad en la riqueza mueble de seis labradores valencianos de los siglos XIV y XV. La relevancia de estos casos concretos reside en el hecho de que conservemos documentación referente no solo a sus posesiones personales, sino también a su valor monetario, a partir de subastas públicas exhaustivas o de estimaciones de sus bienes. A partir de ello establecemos el valor monetario de sus ajuares y el impacto sobre el mismo de cada tipología de enser. Se observan grandes diferencias en los patrimonios muebles, además de algunos patrones relevantes sobre los comportamientos de consumo: a mayor riqueza, mayor inversión en textil y vestido personal. A mayor pobreza, mayor relevancia de enseres de necesidad más imperiosa, como los objetos de cocina.

Celem prezentowanego tekstu jest próba analizy relacji pomiędzy procesem marginalizacji, któremu poddane są osoby długotrwale pozostające bez zatrudnienia, a wykluczeniem z systemu konsumpcji. Istotne w tym kontekście będzie również próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, na ile wykluczenie z konsumpcji określa w ocenie badanych ich pozycję społeczną, a na ile jest ona wiązana z samym statusem osoby długotrwale bezrobotnej. Kanwą dla takich rozważań natury teoretycznej będą wyniki badań jakościowych z osobami długotrwale bezrobotnymi, zrealizowanych w ramach projektu Międzyśrodowiskowej Grupy Badawczej Margines Społeczny Poznania 2010-2012 przy Obywatelskim Instytucie Monitoringu i Rekomendacji w Poznaniu.

A literatura recente sobre a categoria da agricultura familiar tem abordado os mais diversos processos de mudanças pelos quais a mesma vem sendo submetida ao longo dos anos. Este artigo busca auxiliar na compreensão de como está ocorrendo o processo de sucessão na agricultura familiar na região do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, verificando a existência ou não de relação com o processo de ensino ofertado pelas escolas locais. Especificamente analisa-se o caso de uma possível relação do ensino médio politécnico com a agricultura familiar no município de Itati-RS. Nesse sentido, os resultados enfatizam que uma parcela significativa dos alunos, vinculados as escolas rurais, admite que a introdução de conteúdos voltados às temáticas da agricultura familiar e do desenvolvimento rural iria colaborar na formação das suas perspectivas de estudar, e posteriormente trabalhar vinculado a agricultura familiar, permanecendo assim no espaço rural.

Purpose The present world is crippled with the pandemic coronavirus (Covid-19). The pandemic that originated in Wuhan city of China has sent every country in the world in an unprecedented situation that has social and economic impacts. This paper aims to explore whether epidemics and pandemics have any impact on consumption patterns among rural and urban consumers in India. Taking pandemic Covid-19 as a case study, it was explored how this pandemic impacted the consumption pattern of consumers in India; what are the similarities and/or differences between rural and urban consumers that are found in their consumption habits in the wake of Covid-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach The required data was collected through questionnaires sent to respondents. Approximately 500 respondents were contacted through the mail to fill in the survey questionnaire. Despite the sincere efforts, a total of 175 complete survey questionnaires were filled in by respondents. The study used SPSS Sta...

The integration of wearable health technology, such as smartwatches, has shown promising potential in supporting elderly health and well-being. This preliminary study investigates the impact of smartwatch use on the health behaviors and quality of life of older adults in Kelurahan Bambu Apus, Cilangkap, East Jakarta. As Indonesia experiences a demographic shift toward an aging population, innovative approaches are needed to promote healthy aging and empower elderly individuals to engage in self-care. The research employs a qualitative exploratory design, involving semi-structured interviews with 15 elderly participants aged 60 and above, as well as observations and input from informal caregivers and community health workers. Results indicate that the use of smartwatches contributes to increased health awareness, better medication compliance, and improved physical activity monitoring. Many participants reported that real-time health data-such as heart rate, step count, and sleep patterns-motivated them to adopt healthier lifestyles. Additionally, some caregivers noted improvements in the elderly's sense of independence and confidence in managing their health. However, several challenges emerged, including limited digital literacy, resistance to technology, and financial constraints in accessing quality wearable devices. The study underscores the dual nature of wearable technology in elderly care-highlighting both its benefits and limitations. It calls for greater community-based support, training, and policy initiatives to bridge the digital divide among older adults. As a preliminary investigation, this research lays the groundwork for larger-scale studies and offers insights into how technology can complement community-based geriatric care programs in urban Indonesia.

This article challenges the assumption that early examples of Caucasian rugs have been lost, arguing instead that they did not exist prior to the late nineteenth century. It proposes that what is commonly identified as the “Caucasian rug” emerged in direct response to socio-economic transformations that integrated the region into global markets. Drawing on Carol Bier’s analysis of the shift from Safavid court production to decentralized, commercially oriented weaving, the study situates these rugs within a broader historical framework of economic change. It further examines the transition from structured, architecturally grounded design to compositions dominated by repetition, in which elements such as the prayer niche persist only as residual forms. By aligning formal analysis with historical context, the article reinterprets Caucasian rugs not as survivals of an earlier tradition, but as products of a modern, market-driven system of production.

Smart Communities is an action research project that examines a novel community process that aims to reduce home energy consumption. The three-year project draws on practice theory, social learning theory, the social norm approach and community action best practice. The project is a community action project in North Kingston involving collaboration between the householders, the local school and a range of local partners. The school and the householders will use energy monitors to develop energy literacy. Working together in cycles of action and reflection, householders will meet to discuss energy consuming practices (such as lighting, cooking or cleaning); develop and agree on new energy-saving ways of doing things; and decide how best to encourage their adoption by the rest of the community. The Smart Communities website will act as a virtual community hub where participants record their energy consumption, pledge to try new practices, record their progress, and share advice, experiences and know-how. Following the social norm approach, the website will also encourage adoption of new energy-saving practices by plotting participants' performance against the progress of the community as a whole. The community action will last two years; in the third year the process will be evaluated using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research.

Copyright © Bu kitabın Türkiye'deki her türlü yayın hakkı Eğitim Yayınevi'ne aittir. Bütün hakları saklıdır. Kitabın tamamı veya bir kısmı 5846 sayılı yasanın hükümlerine göre kitabı yayımlayan firmanın ve yazarlarının önceden izni olmadan elektronik/mekanik yolla, fotokopi yoluyla ya da herhangi bir kayıt sistemi ile çoğaltılamaz, yayımlanamaz.

Em um cenário de hegemonia do agronegócio no campo brasileiro, a produção de alimentos saudáveis oriunda da agricultura familiar e das áreas de reforma agrária, comercializadas na Rede Armazém do Campo, do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), se deparam com um conjunto de desafios quando analisamos as estratégias de divulgação adotadas. Compreendendo essa disputa, que se dá também no campo das representações, a presente pesquisa propõe a construção de uma campanha de divulgação dos produtos dessa Rede, tendo como componente articulador um conjunto de produtos comunicacionais que atuarão na visibilidade, participação e valorização das experiências produtivas desenvolvidas. Entendemos que essas experiências são formas de produção que resistem ao avanço do capital no campo e são construídas de maneira prática nos territórios. A campanha proposta se apresenta como uma ferramenta técnica e política que trabalhará essas questões no âmbito da comunicação.

Previous studies predominantly used sociodemographic factors to categorize art museum visitors, overlooking an in-depth exploration of the motivations guiding their museum experiences and relying heavily on aggregated data. Building upon Bourdieu's (1984, Distinction: A Social Critique to the Judgment of Taste. Cambridge: Harvard University Press) theory of cultural consumption and Peterson's (2005a. "Problems in comparative research: The example of omnivorousness." Poetics 33:257-282.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the trends and developmental directions in the field by examining postgraduate theses on sensory analysis conducted in Turkey within the framework of specific bibliometric indicators. The research data were obtained from the National Thesis Center Database of the Council of Higher Education (YÖK) through a search using the keyword “sensory analysis.” The search was carried out digitally in 2025, covering theses published between 1999 and 2024. A total of 30 theses were identified evaluated using bibliometric analysis. Within the scope of the analysis, the theses were examined in terms of
their type, year of publication, advisor title, university, institute, and department classification. In addition, variables such as research topics, keywords used, purposes of sensory analysis, language of writing, number of panelists, and page length were analyzed. The findings indiate that theses focusing on sensory analysis in Turkey have increased in recent years, that all studies are at the master’s level, and that they are concentrated in the fields of food science and gastronomy. The number of panelists ranged from single digits in some theses to as many as 80 in others, with the most frequent range being between 20 and 30 participants. This variation suggests that a methodological standard has not yet been established in sensory analysis practices and that diversity in implementation persists. Overall, the results provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of sensory analysis research in Turkey and serve as a guide for future research.

Purpose Participation in the informal economy has been predominantly explained from a supply-side perspective by evaluating the rationales for people working in this sphere. Recognising that many transactions in the informal economy are often instigated by customers, exemplified by purchasers asking “how much for cash?”, the aim of this paper is to explain the informal economy from a demand-side perspective by evaluating citizens‟ rationales for making purchases in the informal economy. Here, we test three potential explanations for acquiring goods and services in the informal economy, grounded in rational economic actor, social actor and formal economy imperfections theoretical perspectives. Methodology To do this, a 2013 Eurobarometer survey, involving 27,563 face-to-face interviews conducted in 28 European Union member states is reported. Findings The finding is that all three rationales apply but the weight given to each varies across populations. A multinomial logit regression ...

This paper seeks to explain consumers' reasons for purchasing from informal sector suppliers so that policy initiatives can be developed to tackle the off-thebooks consumer culture. The conventional assumption is that those purchasing from the informal economy are marginalised populations seeking a lower price. Here, however this assumption is evaluated critically. Reporting data from a 2019 Eurobarometer survey involving 11,171 face-to-face interviews in 11 East-Central European countries on who purchases home repairs and renovations from informal sector suppliers and why, the finding is that it is not the poorest populations who purchase such services and a lower price is the sole motive in just 20% of cases. Besides being "pulled" into the informal economy by a lower price, consumers are also "pushed" into the informal economy by the failures of formal sector provision and in addition do so for social and redistributive rationales. The policy implication is that there is not only a need to alter the cost-benefit ratio facing consumers so that they purchase formal services, but also initiatives are required to enhance the availability, speed, reliability and quality of formal sector provision and to address purchases made for social and redistributive reasons.

In this paper an attempt has made to see the relationsh ip between remittances and consumption. For this pu rpose data from secondary sources mainly the Economic Surveys of Pa kistan for various years have been sighted. A Consu mption Function Model has been applied to investigate the relations hip between remittances and consumption. It has bee n examined that the flow of remittances of oversees Pakistanis to their relatives is mainly consumed. The estimated consum ption function reveals that remittances play a significant role in the det ermination of private consumption in the economy.

This study uses the omnivorous-univorous theoretical framework of the arts marketing studies to identify relationships between the live-performing arts and cultural tourism behaviours and preferences. Patrons of a major performing arts centre were segmented in three groups -sporadic, univores and omnivores -and examined regarding their cultural tourism behaviours and preferences. Statistical analysis revealed signifi cant differences among groups in terms of demographic characteristics, art and culture consumption and cultural tourism behaviour and preferences. Study results add to the body of knowledge of tourism, suggesting that the culture omnivorous consumption behaviour reported in art marketing studies is also relevant to cultural tourism. Results suggest the existence of omnivorous cultural tourists seeking a wide variety of cultural products and experiences. The identifi cation of a group of individuals with little interest and consumption of culture, including cultural travel destinations, also emerges from this study.