Digital Editions

This short presentation explores four dimensions of Digital Scholarly Editions (DSE). In addition to adhering to the well-known FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable), it suggests for digital editions to become more CRISP (Connected, Relational, Interactive, Sustainable, Participative). I argue that keeping digital scholarly editions FAIR in the long term is the task of cultural heritage and memory institutions such as libraries and archives and that institutions should join together to develop sustainable  publishing platforms.

Le riflessioni contenute in questo saggio sono incentrate sulla relazione fra la dimensione temporale e spaziale tanto nella gestione dell’informazione quanto nella rappresentazione dei testi (e in particolare dei testi narrativi). Il fulcro di questo percorso e costituito dalle riflessioni di Italo Calvino contenute nelle Lezioni americane . Come e noto questo testo, pubblicato postumo e incompleto alla fine degli anni ’80 dello scorso secolo, consiste in sei proposte per il nuovo millennio. E proprio all’inizio del millennio il dispositivo computazionale si e affiancato al libro come strumento conoscitivo, con conseguenze rilevanti per cio che riguarda il rapporto tra linearita e spazialita dell’informazione. In questo scenario in costante mutamento un ruolo importante e assolto dall’edizione digitale, in quanto punto di contatto tra informazione documento-centrica e data-centrica e percio in grado di conciliare questi due diversi principi.

is a peer-reviewed series of scholarly editions of Latin texts as well as monographs and anthologies of Latin studies. While continuing Stockholm University's tradition of Medieval studies, the series is also open to Latin from the Ancient and the Modern periods. The textual editions include an introduction, a critical apparatus and usually a translation. The literary, linguistic and other philological studies of Latin feature a range of methodological approaches, both modern and traditional. SLS includes Ars Edendi Lectures as a sub-series.

is a peer-reviewed series of scholarly editions of Latin texts as well as monographs and anthologies of Latin studies. While continuing Stockholm University's tradition of Medieval studies, the series is also open to Latin from the Ancient and the Modern periods. The textual editions include an introduction, a critical apparatus and usually a translation. The literary, linguistic and other philological studies of Latin feature a range of methodological approaches, both modern and traditional. SLS includes Ars Edendi Lectures as a sub-series.

is a peer-reviewed series of scholarly editions of Latin texts as well as monographs and anthologies of Latin studies. While continuing Stockholm University's tradition of Medieval studies, the series is also open to Latin from the Ancient and the Modern periods. The textual editions include an introduction, a critical apparatus and usually a translation. The literary, linguistic and other philological studies of Latin feature a range of methodological approaches, both modern and traditional. SLS includes Ars Edendi Lectures as a sub-series. Studia Latina Stockholmiensia was previously included in the series Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis (

This article discusses the challenges of printing TEI XML data sets, and highlights a useful diagnostic value of PDF export for data quality. PDF output, indeed, renders only a part of the encoded information, but it can expose problems pertaining to the semantic accuracy and consistency, syntactic compliance, and completeness of the data. The uncovered problems are presented as possessing three dimensions: internal (the compliance of XML code with data models and schemata), external (the consistency of the print output in rendering the original), and contextual (arising from the interaction of XML with the transformation scenarios). These dimensions help to provide the definition of an error in the context of scholarly digital editions—both retro-digitized and originally digital. The article examines the extended skill set required of quality assurance specialists in social sciences and humanities (SSH) as compared to their industrial counterparts. It also places PDF production within the Agile testing framework, which aims to capture and eliminate defects in the early stages of product development.

Traditional excerption-based historical dictionaries often provide a very detailed semantic analysis of a high proportion of words in the corpora they cover. The Dictionary of Old Norse Prose will have analyzed and defined around 7% of all words in a 11 million word corpus, for example. Linking the semantic analysis of excerpted citations to new digital texts of the works in the corpus offers the potential to give much more detailed context for the citations in the dictionary and at the same time contextual semantic information (definitions) for a high proportion of specific words in the corpus. The task is nontrivial as it involves linking separately-formed datasets consisting of tens of thousands of tokens. This paper describes a process by which a very high proportion of citations in the dictionary are linked to individual words in new digital editions, using sorting and lexical information. The result is that users of the dictionary can view the citations in their full textual context, and readers of the text can access definitions specific to individual words in the text.

is a peer-reviewed series of scholarly editions of Latin texts as well as monographs and anthologies of Latin studies. While continuing Stockholm University's tradition of Medieval studies, the series is also open to Latin from the Ancient and the Modern periods. The textual editions include an introduction, a critical apparatus and usually a translation. The literary, linguistic and other philological studies of Latin feature a range of methodological approaches, both modern and traditional. SLS includes Ars Edendi Lectures as a sub-series. Studia Latina Stockholmiensia was previously included in the series Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis (

The questions that we will present today (as well as some, but not that many, answers to them) emerged during the development of the digital edition 'Letters and texts. Intellectual Berlin around 1800'. This edition was realized in the context of a specific funding program and it was clear from the very beginning that the funding phase would not last any longer than five years-five years that are coming to an end in a couple of weeks. First I will talk about the different features of our digital edition. I will show how these were deducted from the research question or, the other way around, how we tried to structure our edition so that it is able to answer our research questions. But if our aim had been to collect information for the sole purpose of answering our research question, we would not have made the effort to develop an interface and to offer open access to our resources. This edition is both a research environment for our research group and a scholarly edition putting up resources for the community at large. This requires more thought about the definition of such a "community at large": Who are the readers of a digital scholarly edition, what are their expectations, to what extent does it make sense to make efforts in order to meet these expectations? These questions will be presented in some more detail in the second part of the paper, in which Anne Baillot will try to define the audience for which an edition such as ours can be conceived and realized.

With still no end in sight to the catastrophic conflict in Ukraine, its possible solution hinges on the creation of a new world order, hence pointing at the necessary improvement or, at least, at the development of different international relations: among the traditional East-West divide, as well as between the hyper-industrialised North and the global South. It may seem pretentious that a scholarly enterprise in the Digital and Public Humanities can act upon such superior forces, but in our understanding the contribution of academics working in this field is showing how open participation is a principle leading to a more stable and shared balance, in knowledge building as well as in democratic consent. When we set out to determine this year’s topic, we were indeed convinced that the concept of “Relations” constituted an intrinsic characteristic of Digital and Public Humanities that we should highlight and thematise in a global discourse. Our intention for the present issue was to draw particular attention to the public aspects of research endeavours in this field, given that successful projects hold firm to the principle of audience involvement from their very inception, rather than having public interaction just as a late side-effect of scholarly work. Hence, the present issue focuses on the concept of “Relations” and how they are implemented, operationalised, and analysed as interdependencies, links, and connections in the various practices of Digital and Public Humanities scholarship.

Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l'

Projects related to cultural heritage enhancement are facing a gradual transition from the description of the sources, at the level of metadata, to their digitization. When this heritage is textual a special attention is recognized to digitization as annotated or “marked-up” transcription, having the aim of textual or documentary edition. Each feature of a document that can be element of annotation - and is therefore subject of interpretation - takes the form of an authority data to be analyzed under the different aspects that attest the specific instance of the element in context. Tools of description of resources, as  product of  context and domain, contribute to transform the edition of a document in a knowledge base. Semantic Web and Linked Data provides the theoretical and technological tools to convert siloed authority files, which represent the conceptual or semantic access points to digital editions, in interoperable resources.

Le riflessioni contenute in questo saggio sono incentrate sulla relazione fra la dimensione temporale e spaziale tanto nella gestione dell’informazione quanto nella rappresentazione dei testi (e in particolare dei testi narrativi). Il fulcro di questo percorso e costituito dalle riflessioni di Italo Calvino contenute nelle Lezioni americane . Come e noto questo testo, pubblicato postumo e incompleto alla fine degli anni ’80 dello scorso secolo, consiste in sei proposte per il nuovo millennio. E proprio all’inizio del millennio il dispositivo computazionale si e affiancato al libro come strumento conoscitivo, con conseguenze rilevanti per cio che riguarda il rapporto tra linearita e spazialita dell’informazione. In questo scenario in costante mutamento un ruolo importante e assolto dall’edizione digitale, in quanto punto di contatto tra informazione documento-centrica e data-centrica e percio in grado di conciliare questi due diversi principi.

Christine Lavant ist eine bekannte Person und kanonisierte Autorin - sie
kommt in Anthologien zu Liebe, Natur oder Bergbau vor, in Literaturgeschichten und österreichischen Schulbüchern; wieso wird sie aber von LeserInnen und Literaturwissenschaft oft nur schemenhaft wahrgenommen? Unsere kurze Antwort darauf ist, daß Christine Lavant noch nicht klar hervortreten konnte, weil man sich die Mühe, die wir uns mit den Briefen machen und machen wollen, bisher nicht gemacht hat. Christine Lavant verschwindet hinter einem Mythos, den sie und der sich um ihr Werk und um ihre Person aufgebaut hat. Die Diskussion um dieses Lavant-Bild, um sein Entstehen, seine Belegbarkeit oder Widerlegbarkeit, kann erst seriös geführt werden, wenn man sich zuvor um Dokumente bemüht hat.
Hybridedition. Gefördert in Einzelprojekten des Österreichischen Wissenschaftsfonds FWF 2000-2008. Entworfen 1997, erarbeitet seitdem und herausgegeben von Annette Steinsiek und Ursula A. Schneider.

Leider ist eine fundierte Diskussion über das Lavant-Bild immer noch nicht möglich! Die Edition des Kommentierten Gesamtbriefwechsels Christine Lavant durfte nach einem von uns unabhängigen und unvorhersehbaren Rechtsstreit, infolgedessen der Verlag 2010 die Rechte an eine private Stelle verlor, nie erscheinen. Nähere Informationen zur Arbeitsstelle Christine Lavant: https://www.uibk.ac.at/brenner-archiv/projekte/lavant/

According to Sahle (2017) digital editions are guided by a digital paradigm in their theory, method, and practice, and thus “cannot be given in print without significant loss of content and functionality”. This talk touches upon the challenges of printing TEI XML datasets, but also highlights a useful diagnostic value of the PDF export for the data quality. PDF output, indeed, represents only a part of the encoded information, but it can play an essential role in data curation and quality assurance.

How was a medieval manuscript meant to be read? This is a question that has concerned me for a long time in my work with Old Swedish manuscripts from Vadstena Abbey. In many manuscripts we can find traces of the historical reading situation; for example, pointing hands, marginal notes, etc. Such signals had an important function for the medieval reader, but they are rarely put forward in modern printed editions. I maintain that many of these paratextual notes can be explained with the help of hypertext theory, and be emphasized in a digital edition. I discuss this possibility by giving some examples from Scandinavian composite manuscripts. I show how digital technology together with new philological theory can give new life to medieval manuscripts, as digital editions together with the use of linking give the modern reader a deeper understanding of manuscript culture. This is possible because new philology revalues the concrete textual witnesses of a manuscript and takes each single version of a text into discussion. A printed edition is a much too clumsy tool if the aim is to give the modern reader a clear view of the uses of manuscript during the Middle Ages, but with digital technology an edition can be more complete by applying different layers of information.

»Von der digitalisierten zur digitalen Bibliothek«. Based on a description of the major design decisions going into the Codices Electronici Ecclesiae Colonensis (CEEC) project, the role of such internet based digital collections in Humanities' research and beyond is addressed. From that discussion theses are submitted regarding: the communities which should be addressed by such collections and how to address them; the minimum size such collections should have; the quality used for the display of the digitized material; the possibilities for addressing objects persistently; the digital environment, into which the actual digital collection should be integrated; the role of such collections in academic teaching.

For the purposes of the Italian academy, R. Rosselli Del Turco is responsible for sections 1, 2.1, 3.-3.1, 3.5, 4; G. Buomprisco is responsible for section 3.4; C. Di Pietro is responsible for section 3.3; J. Kenny is responsible for section 2.3; R. Masotti is responsible for sections 2.2 and 2.4; J. Pugliese is responsible for section 3.2. R. Rosselli Del Turco also planned and revised the whole article.

The digital edition Letters and Texts (http://tei.ibi.hu-berlin.de/berliner-intellektuelle/?en) was from its very beginning conceived to offer the quality of a scholarly edition as well as reader-friendly text presentation for a non-scholarly audience. For each document, both a diplomatic transcription and a reading version are being generated on the basis of the same TEI document. The reading version does not contain all the additions, deletions and line breaks and hence offers a linearly readable text. Additionally, a scan of the manuscript page is presented on the same level as the transcription. Metadata, entities and XML-document are also available on that same display level. While all of these displays are available, the standard view offered in the edition is that of a scan of the manuscript on the left side and the diplomatic transcription on the right side. By offering this view of the text first, the edition engages the reader to a predetermined reading - one that, in many...

Despite the traditional presentation of the Hêliand as one single work – an idea which is both induced and implemented by the most common editions of the Old Saxon poem (see, for example, Taeger 1984ff.) –, the two major witnesses of the text (ms. M and ms. C) differ in many respects, codicologically, linguistically, geographically – to quote only a few of them –. The aim of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it focuses on the historical and ideological motivations which are assumed to be at the basis of the aforementioned differences; on the other hand, it explores the possibility of the electronic medium to adequately convey them. To achieve this purpose, we will need to do more than add hypertext connectivity to existing models of the presentation of editorial data. Rather, we will need to find new means of visualization as a prelude to a much greater challenge: the making of what may be called a “fluid edition”, able to capture the inner “mouvance” of the Old Saxon poem.

The idea of using computers to provide greater access to medieval manuscripts and  other  primary  sources  dates  from the  late 70s and early 80s, when a number of attempts were made to apply relational database technology to manuscript  studies, in particular in the form of searchable electronic  catalogues. Unfortunately  –  but  understandably  –  these  projects  generally  relied  on  locally developed or proprietary  software,  with all the problems  for  long-term maintenance and interoperability that entails. Moreover, each system tended also to have its own standards with regard to the nature, extent and organisation of information included, reflecting the lack of often even national standards for manuscript description at the time.

The use of abbreviations is a characteristic feature of medieval Latin manuscripts and those of most European vernacular traditions. The practice, which was intended both to spare the scribe the labour of writing words which, due to their frequency generally or in a particular text, could easily be understood in an abbreviated form, and in order to save parchment and ink, derives from antiquity. In Roman times there were three systems of abbreviation in use: the notæ juris, which were used extensively in legal documents, the Tironian notæ, a system of shorthand signs developed by Cicero’s secretary Tiro, and the nomina sacra, contracted forms of the words for ‘God’ and the name ‘Jesus Christ’, a practice borrowed by the early Christians from Hebrew. The use of abbreviations in Latin manuscripts increased until the 12th century, after which it began to fall off. Latin practice was taken over more or less wholesale in manuscripts written in the vernacular languages, but in general the...

»Historische Fachinformatik: Gibt es so etwas? Neue Anmerkungen zu einer alten Idee«. After a summary of earlier arguments for the differences between information handled in contemporary data bases and information in historical information systems, the model previously proposed for that is extended to include the possibilities introduced by digital image processing, notably the processing of digitized manuscripts. From this conceptual model, a blueprint for a data type "extended string" is derived, which proposes to represent historical texts not as arrays, as usual in computer technology, but by a special data type which implies the representation of strings as graphs. Some engineering considerations for the realization of such a graph based handling of strings are given.

If we want to decide, whether two digital files contain exactly the same amount of information, or of how precisely the amount of information they contain differs, we need an abstract model of the information, unto which the instances represented by the content of two different files can be projected. A meta model for this purpose is presented. It differentiates between the byte values representing the payload in a file and the significant properties of that payload represented by meta information in the file. That model is embedded into a broader discussion of the best way to understand the nature of information as it influences the processing of the representations derived from the data in question. Links to the software solution implemented in the Planets project for the processing of data following the model proposed are provided.

»Zwischen den Stühlen. Eine interdisziplinäre Karriere«. The author was one of the earliest representatives of computer applications within historical research in Germany, later being appointed to the first professorship for computer applications in the Humanities in Germany outside of linguistics. The following text describes his experiences as part of that development, which lead from the beginnings in the seventies to the current state of "Digital Humanities". His view on this development of an interdisciplinary area left him with rather mixed memories: behind a sparkling front story of an enfolding field, he frequently had the feeling that there was a tendency to ignore the huge epistemic potential of a serious attempt to apply computer science to the field of history in favor of glamorous but shallow short term goals.

»Über die Notwendigkeit einer Theorie für History Computing«. The early phases of computer supported research in history have been characterized by enthusiasm about the many possibilities opened. Possibilities, which go beyond just one methodological paradigm as the recent discussions about the relative importance of quantitative studies within computer applications in history show. A deeper discussion about these developments is necessary, necessary for pure intellectual reasons as well as for ones within the politics of academia. This requires a theory of historical computing, which starts from an analysis of the differences between computing in history and computers' applications to other disciplines. To illustrate that, a number of examples are given, which show that the information presented by historical sources is inherently different from the one processed by information systems directed at current times.

Traditional excerption-based historical dictionaries often provide a very detailed semantic analysis of a high proportion of words in the corpora they cover. The Dictionary of Old Norse Prose will have analyzed and defined around 7% of all words in a 11 million word corpus, for example. Linking the semantic analysis of excerpted citations to new digital texts of the works in the corpus offers the potential to give much more detailed context for the citations in the dictionary and at the same time contextual semantic information (definitions) for a high proportion of specific words in the corpus. The task is nontrivial as it involves linking separately-formed datasets consisting of tens of thousands of tokens. This paper describes a process by which a very high proportion of citations in the dictionary are linked to individual words in new digital editions, using sorting and lexical information. The result is that users of the dictionary can view the citations in their full textual c...

Pope's poem 'Dunciad' is flawed rather than enhanced by its duality of language and content. Despite successive attempts by other authors to salvage the poem's continuity, it fails to achieve coherence due to the abstraction of language needed for object reference. This abstraction interferes with the poem's ability to generate material effects on readers.

How was a medieval manuscript meant to be read? This is a question that has concerned me for a long time in my work with Old Swedish manuscripts from Vadstena Abbey. In many manuscripts we can find traces of the historical reading situation; for example, pointing hands, marginal notes, etc. Such signals had an important function for the medieval reader, but they are rarely put forward in modern printed editions. I maintain that many of these paratextual notes can be explained with the help of hypertext theory, and be emphasized in a digital edition. I discuss this possibility by giving some examples from Scandinavian composite manuscripts. I show how digital technology together with new philological theory can give new life to medieval manuscripts, as digital editions together with the use of linking give the modern reader a deeper understanding of manuscript culture. This is possible because new philology revalues the concrete textual witnesses of a manuscript and takes each single version of a text into discussion. A printed edition is a much too clumsy tool if the aim is to give the modern reader a clear view of the uses of manuscript during the Middle Ages, but with digital technology an edition can be more complete by applying different layers of information.

Les possibilitats de divulgacio de la ciencia que ofereix internet cada dia son mes a l’abast de tothom. En aquest text s’analitzen breument les caracteristiques de les revistes d’acces obert, els repositoris existents en el domini linguistic catala i la nova edicio digital de la revista Kesse.

Writing on James Joyce, the critic Jeri Johnson points to the Irish writer' s aspiration "to give a picture of Dublin so complete that if the city one day suddenly disappeared from the earth, it could be reconstructed out of my book" (Johnson 60). This prompts for Johnson the question how far literary cities are imaginative constructions and how far, on the contrary, they reflect the material realities of the city at particular stages of historical development. Johnson' s view is that the latter possibility is routinely neglected in favor of the former, which she claims is the usual starting point of literary criticism. Another routine starting point, however, is that this issue first becomes acute with respect to literary modernism, given its unprecedented attention to urban consciousness. Franco Moretti is influential, for example, in arguing that what distinguishes the city … is that its spatial structure … is functional to the intensification of mobility; spatial mobility naturally enough, but mainly social mobility. The dazzling rapidity of success and ruin is the great theme of the nineteenth-century novel from Balzac to Maupassant: with it the city enters modern literature and becomes … its obligatory context. (qtd. in Bridge and Watson 7) Spatial and social mobility afforded by the city is not exclusively, however, a post-Romantic preserve. I contend in this article that Alexander Pope' s The Dunciad (1728-43) has a fair claim to being the first literary work to raise the question of the production of space in recognizably modern form. The Dunciad compels its readers to ask both questions posed by Jeri Johnson: how closely is Pope' s London based on the material actuality of the Stuart and Georgian city? What is the nature of the poet' s imaginative transformation of it? That these are not new questions and that contemporary readers of Pope' s poem were also compelled to ask them, is attested in John Dennis' s exasperated reaction to Book 2 in his Remarks upon Mr. Pope' s Dunciad (1729), where he is incensed by the affront upon verisimili

The increasing dissemination of Digital Scholarly Editions has highlighted not only the great potential of this method of publication, but also a good number of theoretical problems that affect both the DSEs as editorial products, and the impact of tools and methods of computer science on the methodology of textual criticism. On the one hand, the editions published so far are an evolution of the practice of ecdotics and represent not only a collection of interesting experiments, but also innovative and effective research tools. On the other hand, however, the limits within which an author of digital editions is forced to operate and the most appropriate strategies to minimize their impact have not yet been thoroughly investigated. The adoption of IT tools and methods, in fact, provides many answers to the requests of digital philologists, but the very nature of these tools imposes very strict modes of action, sometimes perceived as too rigid by the scholar. This article presents and describes a software tool that comes at the end of the process of creating a digital edition, to be used in that crucial phase when the edition is prepared for publication on the Web. The aim is not to show the more technical aspects of this tool, even if its fundamental characteristics will be introduced to better understand the terms of the issue, but to describe its genesis and development, and to highlight how visualization software represents a crucial element of the whole editorial process. 1. Project home page: http://evt.labcd.unipi.it/. For more details about EVT 1 see Rosselli Del Turco 2015. The reasons leading to the completely new EVT 2 version are discussed in Di Pietro-Rosselli Del Turco 2018. 2. Note that at the moment of writing the present article many more digital editions have been published, see Franzini 2016 and Sahle 2017 for a quite comprehensive list. The available browsing tools are correspondingly more numerous and more powerful: see f.i.

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the English Department Publications at Digital Archive@ GSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Department Publication-Studies in the Literary Imagination by an authorized administrator of Digital Archive@ GSU. For more information, please contact digitalarchive@ gsu. edu.

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of English Publications at Digital Archive @ GSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studies in the Literary Imagination by an authorized administrator of Digital Archive @ GSU. For more information, please ...

London's famous maypole in the Strand was finally taken down in 1718. It had been erected in 1661 to replace one smashed up by the Puritans during the Civil War. A well known reference to the latest of these events is found in a Byronic couplet by James Bramston: 'What's not destroy'd by Times devouring Hand? / Where's Troy, and where's the MayPole in the Strand?" However, there had been at least two earlier allusions. One occurs in a source contemporary with the action, the Weekly Jaurizal of Nathaniel Mist. The other comes a decade later in the second book of Alexander Pope's Dunciad. Both draw attention to the fact that the first of the new 'Queen Anne' churches had been erected on the site where the maypole had stood. In order to understand what Mist and Pope were saying, we need to explore some of the context. This relates, firstly, to the political history of maypoles: secondly, to the fortunes of this particular pole in the Strand, including its curious afterlife: and thirdly, to the church of St Mary le Strand, designed by James Gibbs, which rose on this site. Undeniably, the maypole in the Strand was by far the most celebrated of its kind during the period. The renown it attained would soon efface that of the old Cornhill pole, which had been demolished at the time of the Reformation.2 This fact, along with its unique connection with the restoration of the Stuart monarchy, lends a particular symbolic importance to its demise. Other poles stood for much longer, and some were indeed set up in the nineteenth century as a conscious attempt to bring older folk customs back to life, while some of the May Day rites associated with the pole lived on, especially in the country.3 However, the direct connection with national politics broke down as the Hanoverian regime became ever more settled. What happened in the Strand was unique: the old pole was briefly restored in the final year of Queen Anne's reign, during the dying phases of the last Tory ministry for half a century. After a brief period of benign neglect, it was taken down and unceremoniously carted off to an obscure site on a private estate. Then there were the circumstances surrounding the construction of St Mary's, the first of the so-called 'Queen Anne churches' to go up. Not only did the maypole come down: a column planned on this spot in honour of the Queen, also designed by Pope's friend Gibbs, was scrapped by the new Whiggish officials. For observers such as Pope and Mist, such actions seemed all of a piece with other manifestations of the new order in Georgian England.

„Das Corpus der hethitischen Festrituale“ (HFR) hat als Ziel, das gesamte Corpus von ca. 10.000 Keilschrifttexten mit Festritualbeschreibungen umfassend in einem annotierten, web-basierten, Format bis zum Ende des Jahres 2021 zu veröffentlichen. Dieses online-Corpus wird frei-zugänglich und mittels komplexer Abfragemöglichkeiten durchsuchbar sein, was ein Kernwerkzeug der Recherche für die anschließenden kritischen Studien einzelner Feste darstellt. Der Vortag beschreibt die Voraussetzungen für die Annotation des Corpus und deren Umsetzung, sowohl aus philologischer als auch informationstechnischer Perspektive. Eine Besonderheit der Textannotation von HFR ist, dass diese mindestens zum Teil „automatisch“ geschieht. Dies, wiederum, erfordert von vornherein die Erfüllung festgelegter Kriterien, indem zahlreiche Konventionen zur Sicherung der Kompatibilität der Transliterationen mit den informationstechnischen Strukturen eingehalten werden. Eine Reihe von Annotationstabellen mit Wortstämmen, Zuordnung zu (z. T. unterschiedlichen) Verbal- und Nominalklassen, verknüpft mit einem Paradigmator, der alle den Klassen zugeordneten morphologischen Endungen enthält, ermöglicht eine automatische Analyse einzelner Wortformen. Unter den digitalen Editionen keilschriftlicher Textcorpora ist dieses Vorgehen einmalig, aber auch vielversprechend. Die Erschaffung der notwendigen philologischen und informationstechnischen Strukturen für die automatische Annotation bietet über HFR hinaus die Möglichkeit, Texte aus bereits abgeschlossenen, bestehenden, und zukünftigen Texteditionsprojekten, sowie auch neugefundenes oder erstveröffentlichtes Textmaterial effizient und zuverlässig als Teile eines automatisch annotierten Gesamtcorpus aller hethitischen Texte aufzunehmen, was bereits für das DFG Projekt „Thesaurus Linguarum Hethaeorum digitalis“ (TLHdig) vorgesehen ist.

This article suggests that Jerome McGann’s proposal for social text editing can beapplied to editions understood not as one author’s works, but rather as networksof publications by many authors and editors. The ability to create such an editionhas been hampered in the past by the inability of HTML to express the semantic richness of TEI XML. However, by adopting the new semantic tags, custom data attributes, and schema.org microdata introduced with HTML5, an interoperable digital social edition can be feasible. The Grub Street Project, an edition of books,pamphlets, and data from 18th-century London, is a test of this premise.

The "Chronicon" by Romualdus from Salerno is a universal chronical of the XII century in Latin that constitutes an important source for the early stages of the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. I am working on a new digital critical edition of this texts based on the main manuscripts (A, B, C, Aa/D in Schwarz's siglum). It will be based on full transcriptions of the texts of those witnesses, encoded in TEI/XML, and on their semi-automatic collation with CollateX and ad hoc Python software. This digital methodology will provide richer evidence of the textual variance in the manuscripts, especially since the apparatus criticus of Garufi's 1914 edition seems to omit a number of readings. The numerous textual additions differentiating the "long" and the "short" version of the work and the possible transpositions of those passages pose a specific technological challenge because they make computational collation particularly complex. Another challenging task is the distinction between orthografic and substantial variants, since they can serve different research interests of different readers

La lezione fornirà un'introduzione iniziale alle questioni metodologiche legate all'edizione scientifica e critica digitale. Si affronterà quindi più specificamente la questione dei livelli di rappresentazione del testo in edizioni fondate su fonti primarie come i manoscritti, dal livello paleografico a quello "normalizzato".

Nella seconda parte della lezione, si esporrà la risposta fornita a tali questioni di ricerca nell'edizione critica digitale del De nomine di Orso Beneventano (http://www.unipa.it/paolo.monella/ursus).

Il modello sperimentato nell'edizione di Orso intende superare la dicotomia tra edizione diplomatica e critica grazie ad un ripensamento profondo, semioticamente fondato, dei livelli di trascrizione e di edizione di un testo. I livelli scelti per questa edizione sono:

1. Livello grafematico, le cui unità minime sono i grafemi, inclusi i segni paragrafematici e le brachilogie sistematiche. Tutti i grafemi individuati dall'editore sono elencati nella "Graphemic Table of Signs" (GToS), che costituisce parte integrante dell'edizione.

2. Livello alfabetico, le cui unità minime sono le lettere alfabetiche. La GToS riporta, per ogni grafema, un significato alfabetico standard. La codifica a livello alfabetico è fornita esplicitamente dall'editore all'interno di un elemento <expan> solo quando essa non sia desumibile dalla codifica grafematica tramite la tabella di corrispondenze fornita nella GToS.

3. Livello linguistico, le cui unità minime sono le parole flesse, identificate tramite la combinazione di un lemma ("lupus, -i": attributo @lemma) e di informazioni morfologiche ("genitivo singolare": attributo @ana). Questo livello di codifica è utile per la visualizzazione (edizione "critica"), l'analisi testuale, l'interoperabilità e la collazione.