Engineering Technology Management

This paper presents a model for the governance of radical innovation (RI) efforts within the firm. A longitudinal study of 12 large established companies committed to develop and institutionalize a radical innovation capability are used to inform our work. Thus the firm, rather than the RI project, is the unit of analysis for this work. We draw on Agency Theory, Firm Level Governance, Stewardship Theory and Stakeholder Theory as well to enrich the model. We find that none of these theoretical frames adequately describes the issues faced by companies as they build governance systems to oversee high risk, high uncertainty innovation portfolios. A series of propositions is offered based on the data analysis and extant literature that address board composition, decision style and decision processes that, we believe, enhance a company's ability to generate and commercialize radical innovations.

This paper presents a model for the governance of radical innovation (RI) efforts within the firm. A longitudinal study of 12 large established companies committed to develop and institutionalize a radical innovation capability are used to inform our work. Thus the firm, rather than the RI project, is the unit of analysis for this work. We draw on Agency Theory, Firm Level Governance, Stewardship Theory and Stakeholder Theory as well to enrich the model. We find that none of these theoretical frames adequately describes the issues faced by companies as they build governance systems to oversee high risk, high uncertainty innovation portfolios. A series of propositions is offered based on the data analysis and extant literature that address board composition, decision style and decision processes that, we believe, enhance a company's ability to generate and commercialize radical innovations.

This study identifies factors influencing employee satisfaction at commercial banks in Ho Chi Minh City. Survey data from 184 employees was analyzed using a linear regression model via SPSS software. The results show that the main factors affecting employee satisfaction in banking include opportunities for advancement, which is the strongest influencing factor, followed by working conditions, and finally, salary and compensation policies, which is the third strongest influencing factor. These research findings provide a basis for proposing managerial implications to promote job satisfaction among banking employees, a sector facing increasing competitive pressure.

In this case study, we propose a model to foster and sustain innovation in a large corporation. Despite the successful business track record that large corporations invariably show, their sheer size sometimes hinders their ability to respond rapidly to changes in technology, market, and consumer preference. It also affects their ability to innovate consistently. Our model builds on recent theoretical advances in the understanding of the innovation process, placing a strong emphasis on the need for people to interact across business units. We also defend the need for a formal recognition of the people involved in transferring technology from the ''concept'' stage to the ''commercial application'' phase. Significant parts of our argument are based on the experience of one of the authors in a large corporation. We begin the paper with an assessment of current perspectives on the innovation process, identifying the lack of a descriptive or normative model that can guide large corporations in the improvement of their innovation performance. Building on the experience of a specific project developed at 3M, which incorporates organizational novelties aimed at improving the process of technology transfer, we conclude with a new model to foster innovation in a large corporation.

In this case study, we propose a model to foster and sustain innovation in a large corporation. Despite the successful business track record that large corporations invariably show, their sheer size sometimes hinders their ability to respond rapidly to changes in technology, market, and consumer preference. It also affects their ability to innovate consistently. Our model builds on recent theoretical advances in the understanding of the innovation process, placing a strong emphasis on the need for people to interact across business units. We also defend the need for a formal recognition of the people involved in transferring technology from the ''concept'' stage to the ''commercial application'' phase. Significant parts of our argument are based on the experience of one of the authors in a large corporation. We begin the paper with an assessment of current perspectives on the innovation process, identifying the lack of a descriptive or normative model that can guide large corporations in the improvement of their innovation performance. Building on the experience of a specific project developed at 3M, which incorporates organizational novelties aimed at improving the process of technology transfer, we conclude with a new model to foster innovation in a large corporation.

In today’s rapidly changing and highly
competitive business environment,
organizations are under constant pressure
to enhance efficiency, optimize resources,
and maintain profitability while meeting
the evolving expectations of customers
and stakeholders. Within this context,
effective cost management has emerged as a
cornerstone of organizational success, as it
not only helps firms to monitor and control
expenditures but also equips them with the
insights necessary to make informed strategic
decisions. Managerial costing techniques,
therefore, go beyond the traditional function
of recording and reporting costs. They serve
as powerful strategic tools that enable
managers to analyze cost behavior, identify
inefficiencies, allocate resources effectively,
and design pricing strategies that align with
market realities. When applied systematically,
these techniques contribute significantly to
the development of a sustainable competitive
advantage by supporting both cost leadership
and differentiation strategies. This paper
provides an in-depth exploration of key
managerial costing techniques, examines
their practical applications across various
industries, highlights their role in achieving
strategic advantage, and discusses the
emerging trends shaping their future relevance
in a dynamic global marketplace.

Concurrent Engineering CE is considered to be important for any engineering company wishing to survive in the present market. The continuing market pressure for reducing costs, improving quality and reducing time to market throughout the product life cycle is threatening engineering companies. CE has many aspects and is more a management and engineering philosophy to conquer the market pressure than a tool. Recent implementation efforts revealed that Ž . CE alone can not lead to maximum benefits. Therefore Collaborative Engineering CE II is introduced, placing CE in a wider context. This wider context is not obtainable from recent publications, they only show one side of CE. This one sided view in the literature leads to sub-optimization and misinterpretation. Based on 200 recent publications, the development, goals, and dimensions of CE are outlined. Furthermore, implementation efforts, as well as a view to indicate the most likely future developments are presented. q 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

The literature related to the cost of quality COQ and optimal quality level was reviewed and critiqued. The authors have proposed a framework for addressing the optimal COQ within the context of operational efficiency and strategic effectiveness. This proposed framework presents a first step toward providing scholars and practicing managers with a conceptual view of the behavior of the COQ and the interaction between cost categories from both operational and strategic perspectives. The proposed approach is realistic, as it utilizes an open system view of today's modern business organization and the competitive environment in which it operates.

The target of the development program is in regional economic growth with the establishment of Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) as a strategic business unit in increasing Village Original Income. The strategic values of the program are 1) the creation of productive collective assets that are jointly managed and utilized by the community, and 2) cumulatively the regional economy can develop, where each region has a specific and unique economic base.

The present research examines the barriers experienced in the IE policies for children with ASD in understanding the
context of implementation in the Malaysian primary schools. Autism is a developmental disorder for children that
categories the understanding of language, interaction with others, and learning, which is increasing in Malaysia. While
IE has been an intended policy to improve the education of students with disabilities by placing them in general
classrooms, this study reveals several barriers to the successful implementation of the policy for autistic students. The
emerging issues include a shortage of qualified education professionals, the lack of teachers’ knowledge of the
disorder, and a scarcity of suitable educational resources. The structure of school curriculum in Malaysia is very
inflexible and does not offer much flexibility to cater with the requirement of the children with ASD. This research
seeks to find out the challenges that hinder the use of IE as well as gain understanding on the concerns that in relation
to curriculum and professional development for ASD students. Moreover, focusing on the results of the recent studies
and policies, the research stresses the need in searching for new approaches to minimise the existing educational
practices for the children with ASD. The study provides policy makers, educators, and healthcare practitioners with a
clear guideline for designing policies and interventions that enhance school experiences of children with autism in
Malaysia. From this study, the sectors where the education system fails to support the children and where improvement
can be attempted in order to advance the agenda of inclusive education for all will be identified.
This research is qualitative and quantitative in design, and mixed methods. The quantitative part involves
asking 310 teachers, using closed-ended questionnaires, what they are thinking and experiencing around IE policies.
At the same time, qualitative data will be collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 selected teachers and
administrators to get their insight and personal perspective. This dual pedagogy is designed to offer a more detailed
description of what prevents autistic students from gaining access to IE. The key findings of the study point to
significant barriers such as inadequate teacher training, ASD-specific training, and disparate administrative support.
Educators frequently reported being overwhelmed at the challenge of meeting ASD students’ specific needs and
experiencing feelings of emotional distress due to behaviour issues. The studies show structural deficiencies in the
educational system, including a lack of consistent care, resources and communication between parents, teachers and
professionals. Remarkably these results indicate a gap in administrative support from school to school, and therefore
a difference in teacher assessment. Such heterogeneity points to a larger systemic issue in policy and funding that can

In the contemporary business environment, integrating core values into risk management and safety guidelines is
essential for fostering ethical decision-making, enhancing organizational resilience, and ensuring long-term
sustainability. This paper presents a comprehensive framework that explores how core values, such as integrity,
accountability, transparency, and responsibility, can be embedded into risk management strategies and safety
protocols across various industries. The framework outlines key processes for aligning corporate values with risk
assessment, hazard mitigation, and safety management, ensuring that ethical considerations are at the forefront of
organizational practices. By adopting a value-driven approach, organizations can better navigate potential risks
while maintaining a commitment to ethical standards and societal well-being. The study emphasizes the role of
leadership in promoting a values-based risk management culture and provides practical tools for integrating values
into everyday decision-making processes. Additionally, the framework offers a structured approach to evaluating
and mitigating risks with a focus on safety, fostering a proactive environment where risks are anticipated, and
preventative measures are prioritized. The integration of core values not only strengthens the internal culture but
also enhances external stakeholder relationships by demonstrating a commitment to responsible business
practices. This approach not only reduces the likelihood of operational disruptions but also ensures that
organizations are better equipped to manage risks in an increasingly complex and dynamic risk landscape.
Ultimately, the framework aims to guide organizations toward achieving a balanced, ethical, and effective risk
management system that prioritizes safety and aligns with organizational values.

This study explores the relationship between organizational conflict and dynamic capabilities, focusing on task
conflict, relationship conflict, and process conflict, and their impact on the dynamic capabilities of sensing,
seizing, and transforming. Drawing on data from a sample of organizations, multiple regression analyses were
conducted to elucidate these relationships.
The results reveal that process conflict consistently emerges as a significant negative predictor for all three
dynamic capabilities. Specifically, high levels of process conflict are associated with reduced abilities to sense
new opportunities, seize these opportunities, and transform operations to maintain competitiveness (De Dreu &
Weingart, 2003). Task conflict, while generally viewed as potentially beneficial for innovation, was found to
negatively impact sensing and transforming capabilities, and to a lesser extent, seizing capabilities (Jehn, 1995).
In contrast, relationship conflict did not show a significant impact on any of the dynamic capabilities, suggesting
that interpersonal disagreements, while potentially disruptive, do not directly hinder an organization's adaptive
processes (Amason & Sapienza, 1997).
These findings underscore the detrimental effects of process conflict on organizational adaptability and highlight
the nuanced role of task conflict. Managing and mitigating process conflict appears crucial for fostering an
environment conducive to dynamic capabilities. The study provides practical implications for managers,
emphasizing the need for conflict management strategies that focus on reducing process-related disagreements
to enhance organizational performance and innovation (Eisenhardt & Martin, 2000).
The limitations of the study include its cross-sectional design, which restricts the ability to draw causal
inferences, and the reliance on self-reported data, which may introduce bias (Podsakoff et al., 2003). Future
research should consider longitudinal designs and the inclusion of objective performance measures to validate
and extend these findings.
In summary, this research contributes to the understanding of how different types of conflict affect
organizational dynamic capabilities, providing actionable insights for improving conflict management practices
to support organizational agility and resilience.

Using Schumpeter's concept 'creative destruction' as the starting point, we approach innovation as a discursive terrain where discourses compete to ascribe meanings to innovation. We conduct a discourse analysis of the most influential management articles to explore the dominant academic management discourse of innovation. The analysis shows that the dominant academic management discourse energizes an accelerating, self-reinforcing circle, which focuses on creating organizational benefits while only hinting at the destructive effects. Such effects propagate through organizations/society, sometimes re-creating what was positive in one context as something undesirable in another. We argue that the destruction aspect of the self-reinforcing circle is under-researched in management studies. The paper provides a research framework that interconnects competing discourses of innovation by broadening the scope to include the societal systemic and destructive effects of the self-reinforcing circle. We suggest that a research framework that includes innovation towards sustainable organisations needs to be integrating into the dominant management discourse of innovation in order to transform how firms think about innovation, future growth paths and how to organize for that. 1990), which emphasize the virtuous aspects of innovation that drive profit and growth. However, the destructive forces have not gained the same amount of attention although there are exceptions (e.g.

Collaborative manufacturing networks are becoming popular. Today, the scale of these networks can be enormous, and include a complex myriad of partners from numerous companies and organizations spanning several countries and even continents. This paper explores how these partners successfully coordinate projects through an investigation of one such ''collaborative manufacturing mega-network'' or CMMN in the commercial aerospace industry. The case is analyzed with the aid of the literary state-of-the-art, and a number of organizational, structural, and cultural issues are discussed including mass customization. Finally, some of the most important factors for the successful CMMN are presented.

This paper presents the ALIENNOR platform that is developed within French research project ALIENNOR to promote eco-innovation by providing different kinds of users with a rich base of ecoinnovation cases and seven eco-ideation stimulation meso-mechanisms (ESMs). With two main modules "Methodology" and "Community", the proposed platform focuses mainly on how to explore seven ESMs and the base of eco-innovation cases and how to facilitate the tagging process (associate one or many mechanisms to an eco-innovation case and vice versa) of experts.

This paper explores the evolutionary mechanism of an innovation ecosystem by investigating how the case startup develops to initiate and lead one. The results reveal that the dynamic capabilities of the case company play a key role. They help the company acquire, renew and reconfigure resources to conquer its own development puzzles. This process naturally solves the stage challenges of the innovation ecosystem and advances its evolution. During the evolution, the social capital is an important antecedent of the dynamic capabilities. The paper enriches understandings of innovation ecosystems and dynamic capabilities. Such understandings can help enhance innovation efficiency in practice.

Over the past two decades, organizational scholars have increasingly argued that technology's affects on organizations are socially constructed. Constructivists who study implementation generally hold that organizational change emerges from an ongoing stream of social action in which people respond to a technology's constraints and affordances, as well as to each other. Although most students of technology and organizing generally agree on the ontology of constructivism, there are considerable differences in what scholars mean when they say that a technology's affects are socially constructed. We show that research on the social construction of implementation clusters into five coherent perspectives, which we call perception , interpretation , appropriation ,

From the literature review of studies addressing issues related to the participation and influence of suppliers in the new product development process, several key themes which affect the issue under study are identified and detailed, highlighting the factors that contribute to the better or worse performance of these partnerships. The intention is to clarify the main problems and the main issues that have guided research concerning this specific and important form of collaboration. This study is, as such, a synthesis of the literature. The main research themes that were identified related to supplier involvement in NPD are the choice of the supplier, the quality of the partnership and the issue of integration. This study also presents the main proposals, extracted from the literature, for lines of future research.

From the literature review of studies addressing issues related to the participation and influence of suppliers in the new product development process, several key themes which affect the issue under study are identified and detailed, highlighting the factors that contribute to the better or worse performance of these partnerships. The intention is to clarify the main problems and the main issues that have guided research concerning this specific and important form of collaboration. This study is, as such, a synthesis of the literature. The main research themes that were identified related to supplier involvement in NPD are the choice of the supplier, the quality of the partnership and the issue of integration. This study also presents the main proposals, extracted from the literature, for lines of future research.

For small medium enterprises, customization of roadmapping is required. Although the phases of its process are solid and shared in the literature, the sub-phases and specific activities to be undertaken are only mentioned and do not provide sufficient guidance for implementation. The paper proposes a new methodology for the implementation of technology roadmapping. The research strategy is based on action research with two cycles of action. The first cycle (Opportunity profile) simplifies the traditional methodology. The second cycle (Extended Map) relies on collaboration of small medium enterprises coordinated by an intermediary and adds an ecosystem view to the methodology.

The FASB recently proposed the capitalization of acquired in-process R&D costs to replace the current practice of expensing this item. This proposal will likely be strongly opposed by corporate executives. We examine whether in-process R&D is an asset worthy of capitalization or an expense, and, if it is an asset, how reliable is its estimate. We find a significant association between the values of in-process R&D and acquiring firms' cash flows during the 3 years subsequent to acquisition, thereby supporting the FASB's proposal to recognize in-process R&D as an asset. Preliminary tests are positive for the reliability/objectivity of inprocess R&D estimates.

University-Business Cooperation (UBC) is an essential mechanism for advancing interests of business, universities and societies. To improve our understanding of the future of UBC research and practice, this study reports on a priority setting process comprising a two-stage research design. Qualitative research identifies a portfolio of six priority areas and 58 related topics. A quantitative step then evaluates the perceived future importance and current advancement of these topics. This approach contributes to shaping the future of UBC by identifying topics that require particular focus to maximise opportunities. The paper concludes with clear future directions for both UBC theory and practice.

Impactful inventions carry forward combinations of components which depart from common practices: they remove restrictions in the knowledge space by breaking conventional rules. In this paper we present a novel measure of the extent to which combinations in the inventive process conform to established practices. We borrow an established approach from the literature on product market diversification and adapt it to measure how combinations are typical or unconventional. We find that most of the inventive activities are grounded in conventional efforts, with rare instances of unconventional connections. Unconventionality is more likely to occur with experience, in teams and in large organizations. Moreover, patents which cite a widespread spectrum of previous results have a higher chance to identify unconventional connections. We also observe that inventions carrying forward unconventional combinations are cited more by future patent applications than conventional inventions.

Stress has become a worldwide phenomenon in today's society, with various manifestations in every workplace. Employees often work long hours in the modern workplace due to the growing responsibility levels that require them to put in more effort to meet the increasing demands for performance at work. The study sought to examine the effect of work stress on job satisfaction of teachers in public and private basic schools in the Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipality. Specifically, the study sought to identify the factors contributing to stress and stress management strategies that can be adopted to mitigate stress. The study adopted a quantitative research approach utilizing stratified and purposive sampling techniques to select 121 respondents. Data was collected with the aid of a question and analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) v.22. Binary regression was used to look at the relationship between the variables. Findings indicated that role ambiguity or conflicting organizational roles bring about work stress and influence job satisfaction (p-value=0.043). However, this was insignificant at the multivariate binary regression level (p-value=0.283). Again, lack of support from colleagues or superiors as a factor of work stress was also revealed as a significant influence on job satisfaction (p-value=0.003). However, this was also significant at the multivariate binary regression level (p-value=0.010). In all, work stress predicted a 16.4% variability in job satisfaction. The study therefore recommended that organizations should create a healthy work atmosphere helps employees minimize stress, which leads to better mental and physical health.

Firm innovation not only is a product of internal processes of knowledge differentiation and integration. It also depends on factors in the external environment of the firm stimulating or hindering these processes. This study examines external conditions for knowledge integration and differentiation among innovating South African manufacturing firms. Many South African organizations are technology-followers focused on incremental innovation by exploiting existing technologies. Informed by network and geographical theoretical perspectives, four external conditions for knowledge integration and differentiation were identified: network range and development zone (for knowledge differentiation), geographical relational embeddedness and spatial immobility (for knowledge integration). On the one hand it is found that in the South African context, a higher level of diversity of external knowledge sources (network range) is associated with a higher probability of exploitative product innova...

This paper analyses the impact of different knowledge sources of product innovation in Vietnam using firm-level data. We analyze the separate impacts of internal knowledge, collaborative knowledge, and regional knowledge. The analysis reveals that internal knowledge sources from internal R&D have a positive influence on product innovation. However, not all kinds of collaborative knowledge sources have significant effects on innovation. Only collaborative knowledge gained from inside the supply chain affects product innovation positively. Apparently, the capacity to benefit from working with knowledge institutes and absorbing knowledge from the environment do not materialize in new products.

The growth of business-to-business auctions presents the quality-focused business organization with many opportunities and some serious challenges. In this context, the absence of a well-designed organizational e-business auction-based strategy has the potential to promote business practices which may erode organizational quality gains. This article presents a conceptual open system approach designed to improve the quality focus of business-to-business auctions practices. The open system approach advocated in this article is quality focused and supply-chain sensitive.

The research regarding the technological management (or the management of technology-MOT) is lead by IAMOT (International Association in Management of Technology). There are a lot of connections between the technology on one side and the finances, the human resources, the marketing, the operational management on the other side. In our era the technology is more and more advanced and all the activities are strongly connected to it.

Arguing that organizational memory affects key new product development processes by influencing the (1) interpretation of incoming information and (2) the performance of new product action routines, the authors introduce four dimensions of organizational memory, including the amount and dispersion of memory. Data from 92 new product development projects indicate that higher organizational memory levels enhance the shortterm financial performance of new products, whereas greater memory dispersion increases both the performance and creativity of new products. They also find, however, that under some conditions of high environmental turbulence, high memory dispersion actually detracts from creativity and has no effect on financial performance. Under conditions of low turbulence, high memory dispersion promotes higher levels of creativity and short-term financial performance. These findings provide some initial evidence that knowledge is not an unconditionally positive asset and suggest that developing and sustaining valuable organizational memory may require attention not only to the appropriate levels of memory but also to managing subtle aspects of memory dispersion and deployment. These results imply that if organizations fail to understand the subtle ways in which different features of organizational memory influence product development, they may fail to harvest the full value of organizational learning.

Colombian higher education institutions have an interest in obtaining recognized high quality standards. This recognition is obtained by an accreditation granted by the Colombian Government. The Consejo Nacional de Acreditación (CNA) is the academic body responsible for coordinating such process. This paper is based on the re-accreditation process of the industrial engineering undergraduate program at the Universidad de los Andes in Bogotá. The paper focuses on the process for weighing the components (factors) and criteria (characteristics) established by the CNA. For this process, the Industrial Engineering Department organized a workshop where academics deliberated about the weights they had to assign to each component and criteria. Due to the fact that many of the criteria are related to each other, we proposed to use the ANP for establishing the weights. The ANP model we built was complex because the network was dense and also because it was necessary to consider a high number of criteria for its construction. The results obtained were significantly different from those obtained at the workshop. The ANP model results indicate that the source components of the network had the higher weights, whereas the sink components had the lowest weights. In the source components the proportion of criteria within the component that influences on other criteria is greater than the influences they receive; the same argument works for the sink components. The construction of the ANP model was essential because the weights obtained were used to make the self-assessment of the program.

Organizations have been diversifying their workforce to better respond to fast-changing environments. However, research has indicated that the effects of diversity can vary by a number of contextual influences. This study examines the differential impacts of functional, geographical, and hierarchical diversity on expertise awareness, knowledge transfer, and knowledge acquisition during a large-scale organizational change. The analysis of full network data (N = 211) collected from a multinational high-tech organization demonstrated that (a) geographical diversity was negatively associated with expertise awareness and knowledge sharing, (b) functional diversity was negatively related to expertise awareness, (c) hierarchical diversity had a positive effect on knowledge acquisition and expertise awareness, and (d) emotionally close ties contributed to expertise awareness and knowledge sharing. The findings indicate that hierarchical diversity and emotional closeness can promote knowledge sharing when members face new demands in the midst of organizational change.

Research on the effects of national cultures and their interactions with the regulatory institutional environment on disruptive innovation in emerging economies context remains scarce. Thus, to answer this gap, we draw from the sociological framework of Institutional Anomie Theory and hypothesized that disruptive innovation is a form of positive deviance to anomic conditions in societies. Using multilevel analysis, the results showed support for moderating effects of the regulatory institutional context, i.e., rule of law and regulatory quality on the cultural drivers and disruptive innovation relationships. Finally, we discuss the results, the study's contributions and conclude with limitations and future research. their innovative business model building on specialized billing and marketing to low-cost customers also reflect emerging market multinationals' ability to introduce disruptive innovations (Wan et al., 2015). Despite the importance of disruptive innovation, a literature review reveals a surprising gap. As more multinationals rely on worldwide subsidiaries, understanding cross-national drivers of disruptive innovation is critical. However, existing cross-national research has focused primarily on traditional views of innovation. This prior research emphasizes several important issues, such as the relevance of international contexts in discovering disruptive innovation in multinational enterprises (MNEs) (Cowden and Alhorr, 2013), MNEs' (e.g., Ericsson's) responses to technological disruption in heterogeneous markets (Khanagha et al., 2018), how cognitive