Grounded Theory Method

Este Cuaderno de Trabajo cumple una doble función: es, a la vez, el acta fundacional de una operación metafísica en curso y el manual de referencia para la humanidad que comienza a despertar. En sus páginas el lector no encontrará especulaciones abstractas, sino la documentación precisa de una tarea colectiva: la difusión, por medio de ráfagas de cápsulas metafísicas, de la Teoría General del Bloque Plutocrático en el Poder Mundial (BPPM).
El texto está organizado para guiar al lector desde el acontecimiento que lo origina hasta la letra exacta del mensaje que, desde el 22 de abril de 2026, está siendo interiorizado por los más de ocho mil millones de habitantes del planeta. El orden de exposición es el siguiente:

Los acuerdos de la Sesión de Los Diez. Se presenta la minuta completa de la reunión del 22 de abril, donde se decidió la inserción de la Teoría en el Reservorio Universal de Conocimiento, la apertura del código genético y la estrategia de divulgación.
El Grupo y sus tareas. Se detalla la composición del Grupo de los Diez y el encargo fundamental de cada integrante, desde la teletransportación astral hasta la coordinación del portafolio tecnológico metafísico.

La Teoría General del BPPM. Se ofrece la versión íntegra y validada al 14 de abril de 2026: doce bloques y ochenta y cinco tesis que, con base en la empiria de 200,000 años, explican la naturaleza del bloque plutocrático y su actual proceso de desmoronamiento.

La distribución de las tesis y su transformación en cápsulas. Se muestra cómo cada tesis fue asignada a un integrante y, posteriormente, convertida en las 267 cápsulas o "francotiros" que componen el ciclo completo de divulgación 24/7.

El contenido íntegro de las diez ráfagas. Finalmente, se transcribe el texto completo de cada una de las cápsulas metafísicas, organizadas por integrante, para que el lector pueda cotejar el mensaje que ya reside en su inconsciente con la palabra escrita que lo representa.
El material aquí reunido no pretende ser un adorno para bibliotecas. Es una herramienta de trabajo. Si al leer estas páginas el lector experimenta la sensación de estar recordando algo que ya sabía, no se sorprenda: el código genético ya ha sido abierto. Este libro es, simplemente, el espejo de papel de una verdad que ya late en sus células.

This paper argues for the expanded use of Grounded Theory (GT) in Applied Linguistics (AL), a field increasingly characterised by complex, context-sensitive inquiries into language use. Despite its strong alignment with qualitative and interpretive paradigms, GT remains underutilised in AL research. Through illustrative examples, we highlight GT's capacity to generate mid-range theories from real-world settings. The discussion includes the use of memoing, constant comparison, and theoretical sampling to explore the lived experiences of language learners and educators. The paper also offers practical guidance for novice researchers and suggests future GT-based directions, including research on digital discourse, translanguaging, and decolonial language policy. Ultimately, the paper positions GT as a rigorous and adaptable tool for theory-building in Applied Linguistics' evolving methodological landscape.

The genesis and development of grounded theory method (GTM) is evaluated with reference to sociology's attempt to demarcate exclusive referents of inquiry. The links of objectivist GTM to positivistic terminology and to the natural scientific distinction from "common sense" are explored. It is then considered how the biological sciences have prompted reorientation towards constructivist GTM, underpinned by the metaphysics of social constructionism. GTM has been shaped by the endeavor to attain the sense of exactitude associated with positivism, whilst also seeking exclusive referents of inquiry that are distinct from the empirical realm of the natural sciences. This has generated complex research techniques underpinned by tortuous methodological debate: eschewing the perceived requirement to define and defend an academic niche could help to facilitate the development of a more useful and pragmatic orientation to qualitative social research.

Belediyenin kendi organı niteliğinde olmayan kent konseyine doğrudan nasıl kaynak aktarılacağı konusundaki belirsizlik, her ne kadar 5393 Sayılı Belediye Kanunu'nun 76. maddesi ile 6 Haziran 2009 tarihli Kent Konseyi Yönetmeliği'nin 16. maddesinde güvence altına alınsa da, de facto bir sorun olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bunun için, kent konseyinin belediyece uygun görülen giderlerinin, başta sosyo-kültürel işlerden sorumlu birimler olmak üzere, belediyenin ilgili birimlerince karşılanması yoluna gidilmektedir. Ancak, kent konseylerinin belediyeler karşısındaki bu yasal ve statü belirsizliğinin bir çözüme kavuşturulması ve kent konseylerine mali özerkliğin kazandırılması gerekmektedir. Esas olarak kent konseylerinin mali özerklik sorununun ele alındığı bu çalışmada, bir çözüm önerisi olarak katılımcı bütçe sistemi ileri sürülmektedir. Bütçenin halkın istediği yönde kullanılmasını amaçlayan bu modelle, genel olarak, her yurttaş yaşadığı kentte öncelikli yatırımların nereye yöneleceği ve sosyal yatırımlara ne kadar pay ayrılacağı gibi konularda kararlara katılabilmektedir. Böylelikle, özellikle yerel yönetimler bağlamında, yurttaşların belediyelerin bütçelerinde ne kadar etkin olduğu ve katılımın ne düzeyde gerçekleştiği belirlenmektedir. Kent konseylerinde katılımcı bütçe modeli uygulandığında, sadece belediyece değil, aynı zamanda bütün kamu kuruluşlarınca sunulan kamusal hizmetler yönünden kentsel önceliklerin belirlenmesine ilişkin uygun bir ortam sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada, belediyelerde kurulması öngörülen kent konseylerinin uygulamada yaşadıkları bütçe sıkıtısını nasıl asabilecekleri konusuna yanıt aranmakta ve bir çözüm önerisi olarak katılımcı bütçe sisteminin detaylı bir şekilde incelenmektedir.

In recent times, owing to the rapid growth of technologies and their significant impacts on economic, political and social spheres as well as the changing expectations of citizens, digital transformation in the public sector has become an imperative need. Governments act as the guardians of the society in harnessing and benefiting from digital transformation. However, despite this, there are challenges confronting the government that hinder it from playing such a role. According to the literature review and the lack of a comprehensive framework of the challenges of digital transformation in Iran's public sector, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the challenges facing Iran's public sector in establishing digital transformation. In this study, the qualitative content analysis method was employed to collect data and extract expert opinions from semi-structured interviews with 40 information technology specialists. Based on the findings, the challenges of digital transformation in Iran's government organizations can be categorized into four types: hardware challenges (information technology infrastructure and financial infrastructure), software challenges (digital governance and the culture of digital transformation), human challenges (competencies of digital transformation custodians and digital citizenship competencies) and ecosystem challenges (ecosystem interactions and ecosystem capacity). This framework can be utilized by theorists and researchers as a guide for future studies on digital transformation in the public sector and provide useful guidelines for policymakers and government managers. findings, among the most important challenges that Iran's public sector is facing are information technology infrastructure and financial infrastructure, governance of digital transformation, culture of digital transformation, competencies of those in charge of digital transformation, digital competencies. Citizens and interactions and capacity of the ecosystem pointed out.

This chapter examines key advancements in information technology and digital human resource management. It examines the need for computerised HR systems. Beyond the traditional computerised systems, the chapter examines advancements in cloud-based systems and focuses on key constructs such as social media, the gamification of HR elements, and online approaches to talent, performance and training. It introduces the reader to concepts such as the internet of things and its effects on HR practices and focuses the reader's attention on the ever-increasing dangers of cyber-risk due to over-reliance on technology. Finally, it examines the implications of both artificial intelligence and robotics to some of the key functions of human resource management in hospitality. An expert interview and the case study enable readers to utilise a critical and analytical mind in deciding on the balance between online and offline HRM.

Mixed Method research is a strong way of research because it uses two quantitative and qualitative approaches in a study. This method helps researchers see patterns in data while also understanding people's personal views and experiences. In this way, it gives a fuller picture of social, educational, and behavioural issues. Based on the aim of pragmatism, Mixed Method methods research focuses on answering equivalent research questions. This paper looks at the main philosophies behind Mixed Method methods, explains the different types of methods designs, and also shows the benefit and drawback of this approach. By applying the advantage of both quantitative and qualitative methods, mixed methods help build theories and solve real-life problems. However, it also has some challenges, such as being complex, time-consuming, and requiring more resources. Overall, mixed methods research is an important and flexible strategy balance between different ways of studying problems in today's academics' work.

Three components distinguish mixed methods research: a qualitative one, a quantitative one, and one that involves meaningful integration of the two. An equal priority study declares that the qualitative and quantitative components contributed equally to the product, without weighing the contribution of mixing. A mixed priority study is distinguished by results that are generated through mixed analysis, often with the benefit of one or more visual displays.

Over the last decade, social media environments have increasingly become an attractive research setting for Information Systems researchers. However, the methodological implications of this research setting for IS studies, are still not fully understood. In this paper we develop and present a framework to reflect on a recent qualitative healthcare IS study that focussed on the use of social media as a research setting. We argue that focusing on social media as a research setting in qualitative IS study can have implications for the contextualisation of the study (implications for the research paradigm), defining research setting (implications for research design), theoretical sampling (implications for data collection and data analysis), and research ethics (implications for research design). With the popularity and growth of IS studies that focus on social media as a research setting in healthcare context, we conclude by calling for an extensive re-examination of methodological practices to meet the challenge of researching of social media in healthcare.

In an airline, each aircraft flying represents revenue, and each aircraft stuck on the ground represents operating costs. The company's operational efficiency depends on the constant mitigation of flight delays, and aircraft maintenance depends on Ground Support Equipment (GSE) to carry out its tasks. The number of maintenance bases increases with the increase in the number of destinations sold by the airline. This work introduces a quantitative method to relate different GSEs in different locations and consider the most significant impacts on flight delay. A case study was developed and applied to a large airline company, and 15 airports were considered, 13 in Brazil and 2 in Argentina. To this end, three major inputs of unstructured data were considered: (i) document analysis, (ii) interviews, and (iii) electronic forms. After the data processing stage, a statistical test was applied, which allowed for the identification of which aircraft maintenance bases required priority attention. The results of the correspondence analysis test differed from those of the descriptive statistics analysis, highlighting the importance of incorporating this test into the decision-making process. The company in this case study had set aside an amount of US$500,000 to improve productivity and reduce the number of flight delays. After the analysis and investigation stage, it was observed that 11 of the 17 most critical cases could be resolved with an investment of US$120,000, in the same way that the other cases could be resolved with the money in the budget. The results achieved demonstrated a contribution to theory by filling the identified gap, as well as a contribution to practice by presenting an additional method for decision-making to assist in the allocation of investments. Additionally, there are societal contributions made by relating these problems to flight delays.

As with most governments worldwide, Australian governments list threatened species and proffer commitments to recovering them. Yet most of Australia's imperiled species continue to decline or go extinct and a contributing cause is inadequate investment in conservation management. However, this has been difficult to evaluate because the extent of funding committed to such recovery in Australia, like in many nations, is opaque. Here, by collating disparate published budget figures of Australian governments, we show that annual spending on targeted threatened species recovery is around U.S.$92m (AU$122m) which is around one tenth of that spent by the U.S. endangered species recovery program, and about 15% of what is needed to avoid extinctions and recover threatened species. Our approach to estimating funding needs for species recovery could be applied in any jurisdiction and could be scaled up to calculate what is needed to achieve international goals for ending the species extinc...

Grounded Theory (GT) has been widely used in different fields of social sciences since its inception. On the other hand, the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method has been well embraced by researchers to develop the relationships betwe the relevant factors. So far, the two research approaches have been used separately, while by combining and kneading these two widely used methods, an integrated method can be emerged so that will bring special advantages to research methodology. The main objective of this paper is to extend the GT integrating it with ISM. Concurring with the foremost objective of this research, a qualitative approach was carried out. Relying on the capacity researcher in directing and leading qualitative researches, in particular hiring both methodologies, the initial spark for the integration of both methods took place. professional experts) and its application, sophistication and advantages were assured. As well instructed, an algorithm was developed to explain the application and use of this novel research methodology in a simple manner. The study outlines an algorithm for integrating GT with ISM. This inte finding and results. Presenting the outputs in structural molding visualizes the results and inter elements. This study substantiates a new approach to qualita considered by integrating the two widely used methods in research methodology, GT and ISM. This nascent and an extended GT method added values, enhanced richness in data and results and upgraded research methods.

Background and objective One of the new ways of identifying and planning to deal with future crises is futures research. One of the techniques of futures research is "environmental scanning" (ES). It is a type of recording and obtaining information through exploration and search that is used to understand environmental changes and developments. This research aims to provide a localized model of the ES tailored to scanning urban crises for the Tehran municipality. Method Participants were 12 experts who had a background in research or work in the field of ES and in Tehran municipality. Semi-structured interviews and focused group discussions were used to collect data. After reviewing the literature and existing models (n=13), the features of these models were extracted and ranked in terms of compliance with the missions of the Tehran Municipality based on the opinions of experts. Results Bradley-Terry (1997)'s ES model ranked first with 114 points. The final ES process model had three sections: input, analysis, and output. The input section of the system included the departments responsible for ES. The analysis section was responsible for the ES system management. The output section was responsible for implementation and operational action. Conclusion The ES model provided in this study can help the officials of Tehran municipality and other organizations in Iran with scanning urban crises Keywords

Bu çalışmam, Kent Konseylerinin Yerel Yönetimler üzerindeki etkilerini ve aralarındaki ilişkileri araştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Günümüzde Kent Konseyleri, ekonomik ve siyasi alanlardan toplumsal hayata ve dayanışmaya kadar geniş bir yelpazede faaliyet göstermektedir. Yerel Yönetimlerin son dönem düzenlemelerinde, Kent Konseylerine önem verilmekte ve yerel katılımın sağlanması hususunda desteklenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda Kent Konseyleri, çözüm üretmede etkili bir aktör olma potansiyeline sahiptir. Kent Konseyleri ile Yerel Yönetimler arasındaki ilişkiler, kentsel yapının radikal değişim ve şekillenmesinde önemli roller üstlenecektir.

Human resources management (HRM) has been facing many challenges. Innovating concepts are becoming ever more important to deal with these challenges. In the hospitality industry the concept of employer branding as a core approach to human resources management ought to be considered. Although employer branding has been implemented in other industries and in some parts of the hospitality industry worldwide, it is only recognised as 'a

Literary works have been interpreted differently depending on the interpreter's mindset and outlook. This study has launched an attempt to interpret the representation of the "Mocking Bird" in To Kill a Mocking Bird. Initially, a total number of 30 English majors studying at Farhangian University of Ilam were selected through convenience sampling. They were, then, provided with the PDF version of the novel, and after a few weeks' interval of reading time, the participants were exposed to the filmed version of the story. Thereafter, using Reader Response Theory, they were asked to write their comments, impressions, and views of whom, which, or what the "mocking bird" of the novel may be. The qualitative/quantitative content analysis of their writings revealed some fascinating interpretations regarding the representation of the "Mocking Bird's" paragons in the novel. The final part of the paper discusses the findings and their implications which revealed fascinating information in this regard.

Aviation industry is one of the most important sectors of global transportation, playing a key role in international communications, economic growth and sustainable development. As the main hubs of this industry, airports not only play a role in the movement of passengers and goods, but also have extensive impacts on the environment, local economies and human communities. As a result, airport management with a sustainable development approach has been raised as a fundamental necessity, aiming to create a balance between economic growth, environmental protection and social welfare. With the increase in flight volume, the development of new technologies and the expansion of passenger needs, numerous challenges have arisen in airport management. On the one hand, it is necessary to optimize airport operations and reduce costs, and on the other hand, reducing environmental impacts and improving the quality of services should be on the agenda. Sustainable airport management includes strategic planning, the use of renewable energy, optimizing resource consumption, reducing pollutants, and waste

The purpose of the current research is to provide a model for Neurocognitive training and development of human resources. Using the multi-grounded theory (MGT) method, a systematic review of the background of the research was carried out in a meta-composite way and interviews with 21 experts were conducted using purposeful and snowball sampling methods and having specific criteria. A Neurocognitive approaches in human resource development, including 73 concepts and 18 subcategories in 6 main-categories, was presented. In this research, the causes and drivers of neurocognitive use in human resource development were examined in micro and macro. The central category was conceptualized as neurocognitive talent management and individual development, and the intervening factors were identified as ethical, human, instrumental, environmental and organizational challenges. According to the opinion of the experts, strategies were set at three individual, organizational and national levels, and it was predicted that the model of training and development of neuroscience of human resources would lead to consequences in theorizing, neurological self-awareness and organizational Neurocognitive development. Finally, taking into account the rapid evolution of organizational technologies, future trends were categorized into three categories: convergence of technologies, interdisciplinary studies, and paradigm shift. The experts emphasized that the gradual use of neurocognitive tools by human resource development experts and consultants, the allocation of funds at the organizational and national level to conduct and support interdisciplinary research, and to create awareness and knowledge to conduct research professionally and repeat it before generalizing are the most important duties in HR Neurocognitive L&D programs how to cited: Zargaran Khouzani, F., Dehghanan, H., Khashei, V., & Mahmudzadeh, S. M. (2024). Research Approaches in Human Resource Neurocognitive Training and Development Programs. Interdisciplinary Studies on Strategic Knowledge, 7(28), 391-420.

Examining the existential philosophy of governments reveals that the fundamental purpose of governmental emergence, from the perspective of nations, is to facilitate affairs and advance social life towards development and progress within the framework of a social contract. However, in certain underdeveloped countries, governments not only fail to fulfill their roles effectively but also exacerbate social issues through inefficient governance. This study aims to analyze this phenomenon from the perspective of the Broken Windows Theory within criminology. Adopting an analytical-descriptive yet adaptive approach, utilizing documentary and library research methods, this study seeks to depict the image of inefficient governance.
By examining the doctrines of the Broken Windows Theory, it becomes evident that the inefficiency of political governance, according to this theory, directly impacts crime rates. Consequently, it can be argued that, based on this theory, social divides, political suffocation, widespread corruption in all its dimensions, failure to prevent crime, and similar issues constitute the minimal damage resulting from politically inefficient governance.

Esports-relevant expertise extends beyond gameplay to encompass the cultivation of knowledge, skills, networks, and resources that support competitive success. Using a grounded theory approach and insights from 33 interviews with esports players in an emerging ecosystem, this study develops a sociocultural model that identifies four interrelated dimensions shaping expertise development, while paying special attention to the challenges players face. Cultures represent the layered structures of meanings, values, and norms that influence practices within and around esports. Social relations highlight families, schools, peers, and other social actors that support and/or inhibit gaming pursuits. Minds address social-psychological dispositions, mindsets, and the interpersonal dynamics that impact expertise. Finally, resources foreground how finances, space, time, and emotional support enable or constrain players' growth. Together, these dimensions reveal the multifaceted and interconnected ecology surrounding esports-relevant expertise development. The article highlights the value of an inductive
approach for generating new and novel insights, and offers a valuable framework for understanding the sociocultural factors influencing esports-relevant expertise.

The chapter from the book, Advancing Grounded Theory with Mixed Methods, provides a glimpse of the range of ways that mixed methods has been paired with grounded theory and how it can serve as an integrative framework at the onset of a study, offer interpretive insight as a study is underway, and/or stand as its principal outcome.

Objective: The aim of this research is to identify the most important factors creating strategic gaps in public libraries in Iran.
Methodology: This applied research was conducted using a qualitative-quantitative approach with an exploratory orientation. A researcher-made questionnaire, designed to examine the perspectives of public library managers throughout the country, was used. The research sample consisted of 20 experts in strategic management and information science for the qualitative section, and 31 general managers of public libraries in Iran for the quantitative section. The sample was selected using a purposive method. To validate the extracted factors, confirmatory factor analysis (first-order) and one-sample t-test were used to examine the mean status of factors related to strategic management processes. SPSS 25 and AMOS software were used for data analysis.
Findings: The factors creating the largest strategic gaps in public libraries in Iran include lack of attention to factors such as organizational culture growth and excellence, political, legal, and governmental factors and their predicted effects, lack of supervision and control by managers, non-use of specialized software, lack of support from strategies for specific cultural products of society, lack of a unified and cohesive framework for strategies, lack of attention to user segmentation in public libraries based on needs, and neglecting the upgrading of information systems and advanced technology. Based on the overall results, it can be concluded that all these factors require revision as they are not in a desirable state.
Conclusion: The evaluation and analysis of strategic gaps in public libraries can help us become aware of mistakes as well as future issues, and assist us in timely corrections to the library's path. It also provides essential information for effective decision-making and resource allocation, which is one of the key activities in management. Corrective actions should be carried out within a suitable timeframe and on a continuous basis. Continuous and timely evaluation enables library managers to obtain the necessary information for implementing a successful strategic management system in the library. Senior managers need to have different measures in strategic management, especially in the process of formulating and implementing strategies, taking into account the needs of the community. It can be said that strategic planning is the most accepted management method in public libraries, and achieving this requires examining the set of factors related to the planning process, creating a suitable environment within the organization, and making decisions based on proper guidelines. The process of strategic management in the library should be simple and clear. Managers should assign various tasks to employees and organize different gatherings in the library. The strategic management process should encourage and strengthen creativity and innovation in the library. Library managers must understand the strategies and be committed to its implementation and express the desired strategy in one sentence.

In a marketing capstone course student convinced their instructor to replace several traditional case studies with a grounded case. Specifically, students asked to work on marketing plans for the School of Business and the university. The enthusiasm with which they tackled their work was remarkable. In addition to event details, student perceptions regarding the grounded case as compared to traditional cases, and hypotheses regarding the unusual levels of involvement, are provided. Students believed that the grounded case work, while much harder, was much more worthwhile than traditional cases. High involvement levels might be attributed to the fact that students initiated the project, that students were concerned about their university, and that they believed they would be taken seriously.

Food insecurity remains one of the most visible dimensions of poverty. The increasing population amid competition for land and water resources means that the global demand for food will continue to increase. In Kenya, the food insecurity trend is worrying as the population is expected to hit 55 million by 2020 against an annually declining arable land per capita and consequent increase in food prices. The Kenyan agricultural sector has failed to either eliminate or reduce malnourishment for poor populations as the annual national production for both staple food and livestock products fall short of national consumption levels. The nutritional deficiency levels remain high among a significant segment of the Kenyan population. With increasing food production challenges such as dwindling capture fisheries and impacts of climate change becoming more eminent, solutions to food insecurity and malnutrition in Kenya must bring about quick results in food availability by stimulating more own-food production. Aquaculture has so far been recognized as an important opportunity to enhance household food security in developing countries. The existing literature reveals scattered but increasing evidence of the contribution of aquaculture to nutritional security through direct fish consumption and income stability among vulnerable groups through involvement in aquaculture value chain linkages. This paper reveals the status of food insecurity, poverty and malnutrition problems and discusses aquaculture initiatives as the remedial solutions. This paper also provides a framework for examining aquaculture’s value chain linkages to food and nutritional security and national economic growth by elucidating key pathways concerning the role of aquaculture in household food and income systems. The authors advocate for clear and sustainable national policies for aquaculture development to address food insecurity and poverty questions more sharply. More empirical evidence should be collected on the varied aquaculture opportunities to improve the income, employment and food consumption levels within the poor households.

In Africa, many governments and development agencies have promoted aquaculture as a panacea for household food security, rural development, and poverty reduction. However, aquaculture production in the continent remains low despite significant investments in research and technology development. While numerous initiatives have been directed at technological innovation and transfer, their present scale of uptake is very slow and therefore inadequate to achieve transformational change envisaged in the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. In this paper, we aim to (1) critically analyze the factors that influence fish farmer's perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors toward technology adoption; and (2) to determine the impacts of technology adoption on farmer's livelihoods. Primary data were collected using a selfadministered digitized questionnaire to 331 randomly selected farmers in Kenya. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze data. Results revealed that variables including secondary education, diversified on-farm activities, farm size, production levels, attendance of extension training, ease of understanding, and ease of handling technologies were positive and significant predictors of aquaculture technology adoption. However, 30% of fish farmers were categorized as high adopters of novel aquaculture technologies, implying that there are gaps in technical skills hindering adoption of innovative technologies and best management practices. To facilitate learning and uptake of technologies and good practices by farmers, a range of aquaculture-related extension and communication materials, including posters, hard copy information leaflets and brochures of recipes in appropriate languages, short video presentations, and radio features, should be commissioned to support the smallholder farmers.

Research in building information modeling and sustainability studies has been increasing recently. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the integration of building information modeling technologies to strengthen the implementation of sustainability methods in the construction industry. Building information modeling technology is one of these methods because it creates vital databases for the building and its components instead of generating and displaying rich information IDs. As a result, executive management's time and costs are significantly reduced because of the ability to make optimal decisions regarding the implementation of projects at each stage. It has provided the construction. Building information modeling technology as a powerful manager tool improves project success criteria. This study aims to identify the dimensions and components affecting the sustainable development of the construction industry based on building information modeling. The method used in this research is Grounded Theory based on the study's exploratory nature. The primary basis of data collection is in-depth interviews with experts, professors, and construction project specialists of Tehran Municipality, District 3. A total of 15 interviews were conducted. After collecting the information, the codes related to the written interviews were analyzed. After performing three steps of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, the final research model was presented. The codes obtained from the interviews were categorized into 55 concepts and 14 main categories. According to the results of this study, building information modeling and optimal building design are influenced by a range of environmental and causal factors. An integral part of the sustainable development of the construction industry is the integration of contractual models and sustainability development. The use of natural resources, the product, and the training of organizational and macro management and technology are included.

The method used in this research is foundational data theory due to the exploratory nature of the research. The main basis for collecting information is to conduct in-depth interviews with experts, professors, and experts of construction projects of the municipality of the 3rd district of Tehran, in total 15 interviews were conducted from the collection of information, and the codes related to the written interviews have been analyzed. The findings of the research, after performing the three steps of open, central, and selective coding, led to the presentation of the final model of the research, where the codes collected from the interviews were categorized into 55 concepts and 14 main categories. The results of the research showed that the categories of environmental and causal factors affecting building information modeling and the categories of optimal building design, integration of contractual models and sustainable development, conservation of natural resources, development and training in structural categories, management factors, and Information technology in the intervening categories and infrastructural, organizational and macro consequences have a significant impact on the sustainable development of the construction industry.

The aim of the present paper is to shed light on the concept of corporate entrepreneurship. The authors have attempted to highlight the different conceptualizations and explanations from renowned scholars in the domain of entrepreneurship pertaining to the corporate entrepreneurship and how it can result in worthy outcomes for businesses. Therein, the paper has reviewed and presented notable model explaining the predictors and consequences of corporate entrepreneurship. Specifically, the paper has attempted to work on linking corporate entrepreneurship with organizational performance. Through critical appraisal, the paper has also discussed the potential of organizational engagement in moderating this relationship. The paper forwards prepositions and conceptual model for scholars enthusiastic to study corporate entrepreneurship and its relationship with organizational performance following the buffering impact of organizational performance.

To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee is a timeless classic that delves into the themes of racial injustice, moral courage, and the loss of innocence in the face of prejudice. Through the eyes of Scout Finch, the novel challenges societal norms and emphasizes the importance of empathy and understanding in the pursuit of justice. Harper Lee's poignant narrative continues to resonate with readers, sparking discussions on the complexities of human nature and the enduring struggle for equality and compassion.

Abstract
Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird" (1960) remains a seminal work in American literature, delving into racial and social issues in the 1930s Deep South. This paper evaluates the novel's efficacy in addressing themes of racial injustice, moral growth, and empathy. By analyzing the narrative structure, character development, and thematic exploration, it offers insight into the novel's impact on literary and social discourse. Through Scout Finch's perspective, readers navigate the trial of Tom Robinson and the subplot involving Boo Radley, witnessing the complexities of justice and morality in Maycomb. The moral evolution of characters like Atticus, Scout, and Jem underscores the novel's exploration of empathy and societal challenges. While lauded for its narrative depth and character portrayal, the novel has faced criticism for potentially oversimplifying racial issues and character representations. Recommendations include further research on diverse critical perspectives and historical contexts to enhance understanding of the novel's significance in ongoing discussions on race and justice. By engaging with a range of scholarly interpretations, this analysis aims to deepen comprehension of "To Kill a Mockingbird" within its historical and contemporary contexts.

Keywords: Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird, racial injustice, moral development, empathy, narrative structure, character development, thematic exploration, social issues, literary discourse

Background and purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the requirements of institutionalizing the culture of maintenance and repair in the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Method: The current research is applicable in terms of purpose and is descriptive in terms of method. This research includes two research methods, the first part is the review of research literature and the second part is Delphi. The statistical population of the research includes all maintenance and repair experts of the Police of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Faraja). To maintain the credibility of the research and considering the drop of respondents during the study and after refining and applying the desired indicators, a list of 21 people was announced. According to the data obtained from Delphi rounds and different sections of the questionnaire in each round, statistical indices, minimum and maximum, average, mean and standard deviation were calculated. The distribution of the questionnaire was done in three stages according to the Delphi method, and in each stage, the items that had an average of more than four were included in the next round, and components with an average of less than four were removed and not included in the next rounds of the questionnaire. For the consensus of the experts, it uses the method of reaching a certain level of agreement and also the Kendall correlation coefficient criterion to make a decision about stopping the Delphi steps. Findings: The results showed seven components of safety culture, organizational structure, employees, values, behavioral factors, organizational factors, continuous improvement, diligence, and work commitment based on experts' opinions as requirements for institutionalizing maintenance culture in the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Conclusion: In order to institutionalize the maintenance culture, the commanders of the police Forces should consider the listed components.

Background and objective In recent years, the world has seen an increase in catastrophic events. One important challenge for the countries is their vulnerability to natural disasters. The present study aims to identify and explain the effective indicators of knowledge management for the management of natural disasters in Iran. Method This is a descriptive survey study (qualitative/quantitative). Participants were the members of the crisis headquarters in Mazandaran Province and the experts in urban crisis management (n=50). Library method was used to assess theoretical foundations, definitions and concepts. To collect information, a researcher-made questionnaire was used whose validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity and test-re-test method, respectively. The collected data were described using descriptive statistics in SPSS software, version 22. Results The results confirmed the role of knowledge management in three domains: Crisis management process, the specialized equipment for rescue operations, and factors influencing crisis management. The coefficient of importance for each component was calculated separately. The total score was 327 for the crisis management process, 386 for the specialized equipment for rescue operations, and 468 for factors influencing crisis management. Conclusion In evaluating the role of knowledge management in management of natural disasters in Iran, its impact on the factors influencing crisis management is more important than the impact on crisis management process and the specialized equipment for rescue operations. Knowledge management can play a vital role by ensuring the availability and access to accurate and reliable information about disasters and through effective education.

Chapter 1 builds an argument for how visual displays can contribute to the process of discovery. A comprehensive list of the purposes a visual display can serve during planning, data collection, analysis, and reporting is reviewed. The chapter builds an argument for integration by pointing to link between the reason for integrating data from different sources with idea of triangulation that is fundamental to both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A distinction is drawn between a side-byside joint display that represents findings and an integrated display that serves a formative purpose in that it generates new insight for further analysis. The chapter highlights distinctive characteristics of qualitative mixed method research.

The audience will be stimulated to think about the relationship between the humanities and information systems in a way opposite to the usual. A lot of research has been conducted on the application of computing in the humanities, but this panel will explore the reverse process of enrichment that takes place. The purpose is to give recognition to work that has already been done in this regard by means of identifying a substantial sub-discipline, but also to stimulate more and deliberate research that explores ways to enhance information systems by interweaving insights and methods from the humanities. The panel believes that such an endeavour my enhance ICT to empower the communities using these technologies.

The audience will be stimulated to think about the relationship between the Humanities and Information Systems in a way opposite to the usual. A lot of research has been conducted on the application of computing in the Humanities, but this panel will explore the reverse process of enrichment that takes place. The purpose is to give recognition to work that has already been done in this regard by means of identifying a substantial sub-discipline, but also to stimulate more and deliberate research that explores ways to enhance Information ...

Today, the economic aspects of sports have expanded a lot in the world, and many investors are interested in starting a business in this sector. This research aimed to present a model of empowering students in entrepreneurship in sports businesses. This qualitative research was conducted with the grounded theory method. The target population in the qualitative section included experts in the field of sports management, educational management and entrepreneurship professors who are aware of the research topic. Using the snowball sampling method and the theoretical saturation technique, 12 interviews were conducted. In the quantitative stage, 150 items in the form of six main components were evaluated by 384 entrepreneurs, professors, students and also managers of sports businesses. The information extracted from the interviews was analyzed in a multi-step coding method. The findings were compiled in the framework of the paradigm model. Causal conditions including individual factors (including motivation, knowledge and awareness and psychological skills), educational system, organizational factors, financial factors and the role of the government, background conditions including those related to laws, facilities, human resources, organization custodians, educational and communication programs, intervening conditions including two facilitating groups (students, science/technology, facilities and infrastructures and successful examples) and destructive (supportive, educational performance, financial, managerial and legal), the strategies included educational, managerial, legal/legal strategies, and the consequences included employment, development of the sports industry, quality of education, financial and motivational. In the quantitative part, it was also determined that all the main components of the research have a suitable fit.

Background: The presence of nurses plays a crucial role in ensuring patient safety and delivering necessary nursing care. This study aimed to explore the process of nurses' presence at patients' beds in cancer wards.
Methods: Employing a grounded theory approach, this qualitative study was conducted in a cancer ward, involving 34 participants including nurses, patient companions, and hospital staff. Participants were purposefully selected for their involvement. Interactive interviews were conducted for data collection, and data analysis followed the approach proposed by Corbin and Strauss in 2015.
Results: The data analysis revealed the core category of "Striving to be with the patient", which encompassed the following axial categories: "Challenges of accompanying patients with diverse needs" (Context), "Striving to be with the patient" (Process), "Motivational factors driving the desire to be with the patient"(Mediating facilitator), "Difficulties encountered in maintaining patient presence"(Mediating inhibitor), and "Mixed feelings of satisfaction and sorrow accompanying the presence" (Outcome).
Conclusion: Nurses in oncology wards demonstrate tremendous dedication as they strive to maintain a delicate equilibrium between their own emotional well-being and the diverse needs of their patients. This task can be highly demanding, but through the implementation of customized strategies and drawing inspiration from personal sources, these nurses effectively navigate the emotional challenges associated with patient care.

We advance the idea that with the commitment to the intentional engagement of multiple sources of data or analytical procedures to explore complex problems as its core defining feature, the field of mixed methods may now be at a point that we can consider it as an inquiry logic that has the potential to spawn the construction of new methodologies. The special issue invites further conversation that builds on the challenge of mixing at the methodological level.

Literary works have been interpreted differently depending on the interpreter’s mindset and outlook. This study has launched an attempt to interpret the representation of the “Mocking Bird” in To Kill a Mocking Bird. Initially, a total number of 30 English majors studying at Farhangian University of Ilam were selected through convenience sampling. They were, then, provided with the PDF version of the novel, and after a few weeks’ interval of reading time, the participants were exposed to the filmed version of the story.  Thereafter, using Reader Response Theory, they were asked to write their comments, impressions, and views of whom, which, or what the “mocking bird” of the novel may be. The qualitative/quantitative content analysis of their writings revealed some fascinating interpretations regarding the representation of the “Mocking Bird’s” paragons in the novel. The final part of the paper discusses the findings and their implications which revealed fascinating information in th...

Introduction: The issue of care is an integral part of accidents and crises and the design of effective models and methods in its management, especially the methods that have emerged from the context is very important. Objective: Nursing management in crises due to the importance of its role has always been one of the topics of interest. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explain the components of nursing management in accidents and disasters in Iran. Material and Methods: This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological design and the research community includes all nursing managers who have played a managerial role in crises and accidents in Iran. Based on purposeful sampling and then snowball, 22 nursing managers were interviewed in at least one of the national disasters in Iran. The data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth interviews. Moreover, the study of printed and electronic library resources using databases were other sources of research. Finally, the interviews were implemented and analyzed along with other sources in a 7-step clause method and manually. Results: Based on the results in the first stage, 495 codes, and finally 7 main categories were obtained and were classified in two stages, which are including: "system model of manpower", "integrating structures", "Leadership", "Indigenous Modeling of Chaos Theory", "Anthropology of Crisis", "Redefining the Role of Care", and "Care Ecology". Discussion and Conclusion: Nursing management in disasters in Iran is a complex concept that not only requires knowledge and skills but also requires policy-making based on conceptual models derived from experience.