History of Translation

Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей перекладу анімаційних фільмів студії Disney на прикладі мультфільму «Крижане серце» (Frozen). Актуальність дослідження зумовлена зростанням ролі мультиплікаційного медіа у міжкультурній комунікації та необхідністю вдосконалення стратегій локалізації контенту, враховуючи культурні відмінності країн оригіналу та реципієнта. У ході дослідження було висвітлено, що адаптація вербальних та невербальних аспектів перекладу покращує сприйняття сюжету глядачами та посилює міжкультурне розуміння. Обґрунтовано, що вибір форми перекладу (дубляж, закадрове озвучення чи субтитри) має залежати від потреб глядачів. Зокрема, дубляж рекомендовано для дитячої аудиторії та людей із нейровідмінностями, оскільки він знижує когнітивне навантаження. Окрема увага приділена ролі музичного супроводу, який виступає не лише фоновим елементом, а й суттєво сприяє розкриттю сюжетних поворотів. Практична частина дослідження зосереджена на аналізі перекладу мультфільму «Крижане серце» з англійської мови на японську. Запропоновано класифікацію стратегій перекладу, що включає скорочення з переформулюванням та розширення змісту з культурною адаптацією. Встановлено, що через фонетичні особливості японської мови перекладачі часто спрощують репліки, роблячи акцент на емоційній складовій. Особливу увагу приділено специфіці японської локалізації, унікальними рисами якої є: використання звуконаслідування для підсилення експресивності, авторське додавання прикметників для уточнення контексту тощо. Наголошено, що успішна адаптація жартів та культурних реалій досягається через їхню заміну локальними еквівалентами й перетворення каламбурів у фонетичну гру слів. Ключові слова: японська мова, аудіовізуальний переклад, «Крижане серце», переклад мультфільмів, локалізація. This paper examines the characteristics of translating Disney animated films, using Frozen as an example. The relevance of this study stems from the growing role of animated media in cross-cultural communication and the need to improve content localization strategies, taking into account the cultural differences between the source and target countries. The study highlights that the adaptation of verbal and nonverbal aspects of translation improves viewers' perception of the plot and enhances cross-cultural understanding. It is concluded that the choice of translation type (dubbing, voiceover, or subtitles) should depend on the needs of the audience. In particular, dubbing is recommended for children and neurodivergent individuals, as it reduces cognitive load. Special attention is given to the role of musical accompaniment, which serves not only as a background element but also significantly contributes to highlighting key plot moments. The empirical part of the study focuses on analysing the translation of the animated film Frozen from English into Japanese. A classification of translation strategies is proposed, which includes compression with rephrasing and expansion of content with cultural adaptation. It has been established that, due to the phonetic characteristics of the Japanese language, translators often simplify lines, emphasizing the emotional component. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of Japanese localization, whose unique features include: the use of onomatopoeia to enhance expressiveness, the addition of adjectives to clarify the context in detail, among others. The study concludes that the successful adaptation of jokes and culture-specific elements is achieved by replacing them with local equivalents and transforming puns into phonetic wordplay.

El articulo expone la confrontacion de las variantes del aparato de la edicion critica de la "Vulgata" hecha por los benedictinos de s. Jeronimo de roma y presenta los codices de la llamada "Biblia de Paris" como los mas proximos al romanceamiento castellano.

As traduções de textos originários do leste do globo podem sofrer com o orientalismo, como definido por Said (1990), na escolha do texto, mas também na tradução e na construção de paratextos que acompanham a obra. Como as traduções contribuem para a formação da imagem de uma cultura, o presente artigo almeja analisar as publicações de literatura japonesa no Ocidente e a construção do Outro nesse processo, considerando três aspectos principais: enfatização da diferença, anacronia e feminização. Pretende-se, assim, demonstrar como os livros japoneses em tradução estão marcados por estereótipos que reforçam uma ideia de um Japão que foi criado no Ocidente.

Hormesis texts are one of the oldest achievements of human thought, which entered the Islamic-Iranian sphere of thought in a long journey and left a visible and hidden impact on it. In the Hermetic cosmology that the Hermetic philosophical texts draw, the system of existence is divided into three spheres: God, the cosmos, and man. Almighty God is incomprehensible and indescribable. The universe or creator god is responsible for creation. Man is an image of God; and his ultimate goal is to know God and reach Him. In this essay,The present study an attempt attempts to has been made to compare the reflection of Hormese cosmology in the mind and language of Nasser Khosrow Qabadiani, a Persian-speaking poet and writer of the 5th century Hijri, based on his poems. The assumption of this research is that Nasser Khosrow was familiar with the opinions and beliefs of different religions and groups and converted to the Ismaili Shia religion in the middle of his life, he He was an expert in theological issues and theoretical and practical wisdom, and considering the prevalence of Hermetic texts in the cultural field, The the civilization of Iran and Egypt (Alexandria) should not have been unaware of those teachings. After examining Hermesi's writings and studying Nasser Khosrow's divan of poems in a descriptive-analytical way, we it was found that Nasser Khosrow's ontological thoughts were influenced by Hermesi's cosmology, and a deep and accurate understanding of some of his poems depends on the knowledge of Hermesi's texts.

Partimos de dúas ideas polémicas. A primeira: moitos elementos que caracterizan os galegos proveñen, en realidade, do teatro e a música creados hai máis de 250 anos fóra de Galicia. A segunda é que tanto a colectividade galega como as persoas da farándula tiveron trazos en común, especialmente no relativo á condición compartida de migrantes ou desprazados. Estes e outros asuntos interrelacionados explícanse realizando un percorrido que oscila entre a realidade setecentista e a ficción escénica do mesmo período. Mostrarase así unha Galicia interconectada e plural, tanto no ámbito urbano como rural, que transcendía as fronteiras do noroeste ibérico. Unha Galicia moi diferente ao territorio culturalmente pobre que determinados discursos interesados (entón e agora) quixeron establecer. Como valor engadido, destaca a edición diplomática de "Representación a San Roque", obra teatral do século XVIII. A peza —con extensos fragmentos en galego nun tempo en que o seu uso estaba oficialmente prohibido— permaneceu inédita até agora.

Il est vain de se demander s'il faut réécrire les classiques pour les adapter aux valeurs du présent : une oeuvre ne gagne précisément son statut de classique que dans le jeu de ses réappropriations successives. Dans Toutes sortes de Misérables, Tiphaine Samoyault montre que la vraie question est bien différente : « Comment faire la part entre la variation, inscrite dans une pensée du multiple, et la censure, au service d'une pensée unique ? ». Comment départager les opérations de réécriture, qui relèvent d'un légitime processus d'actualisation inhérent au renouvellement des publics, et les gestes qui tiennent de l'annulation et de l'effacement ?
Mots-clés-cancel culture, censure, classiques, effacement, Hugo (Victor), Lecture, réécriture
—
It is pointless to ask whether we should rewrite the classics to bring them into line with contemporary values: a work only truly earns its status as a classic through the process of its successive reinterpretations. The essay of Tiphaine Samoyault, Toutes sortes de Misérables, shows that the real question is quite different: 'How do we distinguish between variation-rooted in a philosophy of multiplicity-and censorship, which serves a single, dominant ideology? ' How can we distinguish between acts of rewriting-which are part of a legitimate process of updating inherent in the renewal of audiences-and actions that amount to erasure and obliteration?
Keywords-cancel culture, censorship, classics, erasure, Hugo (Victor), Reading, rewriting

This text provides a comprehensive book review of Julia Mebane’s The Body Politic in Roman Political Thought (2024). The reviewer underscores that although Mebane mentions Ernst Kantorowicz only once without explicitly discussing his theory, her work serves as an implicit yet profound response to his long-standing scholarly question regarding whether a systematic conceptual framework existed to define the relationship between the Roman ruler and the state. By tracing somatic tropes like the "head of state" and the "public healer" from the late Republic through the Julio-Claudian era, Mebane demonstrates how the "body politic" functioned as a continuous linguistic paradigm that naturalized autocratic rule while obfuscating structural ruptures with free governance.
The review praises the monograph for its successful application of the Cambridge School's contextualist methodology to bridge political theory and practice. However, the reviewer offers a constructive critique, noting Mebane’s neglect of highly symbolic political rituals—such as the transformation of vota publica from praying for the salus rei publicae to the salus principis. Furthermore, her text-centric analysis overlooks material culture like coins and inscriptions, and her narrow focus on Latin writers excludes Greek discourse in the eastern provinces. Ultimately, the review recognizes Mebane's work as a crucial intervention in Roman political culture.

Двенадцатый выпуск сборника «Тургеневские чтения» включает доклады и материалы Международной научной конференции «Иван Тургенев — русский писатель в Европе» (Библиотека-читальня им. И. С. Тургенева, 19 – 21 октября 2023 г.). Конференция была посвящена 205‑летию со дня рождения И. С. Тургенева и 40‑летию создания Европейского музея Ивана Тургенева в Буживале (Франция). Основными организаторами конференции выступили Библиотека-читальня им. И. С. Тургенева и Тургеневское общество в Москве. В качестве соорганизаторов были приглашены Научная лаборатория «Rossica: Русская kитература в мировом культурном контексте» Института мировой литературы имени А. М. Горького Российской академии наук, кафедра истории русской литературы филологического факультета Московского государственного университета имени М. В. Ломоносова, Исследовательский центр имени Ивана Тургенева (CITELE) при Университете г. Монс (Бельгия). Сборник адресован не только исследователям, но и широкому кругу любителей российской словесности.

The book explores the complex intersection where ethics, national security, human vulnerability, and cultural nuance collide in the field of intelligence translation. It examines the hidden pressures shaping the profession through several distinct dimensions:

Psychological & Emotional: Investigates the emotional strain and intense psychological landscape experienced by translators working under extreme conditions.

Security & Manipulation: Analyzes the systemic manipulation risks and security dimensions inherent to classified environments.

Financial & Institutional: Addresses the financial instability and complex institutional power dynamics that impact practitioners.

Cultural & Bias: Explores cultural nuances and the role of cultural biases in high-stakes translation.

In the context of the ‘multilingual turn’ in language pedagogy, and against the backdrop of calls for the pedagogy of translated literature, this essay describes a course taught on Don Quixote in translation and as a translation to multicultural and multilingual students at Baruch College, the City University of New York (CUNY). It outlines a selection of texts, theories, classroom exercises, and research assignments designed to approach Don Quixote from multiple perspectives. These approaches use the framework of multilingualism, translation, and translanguaging pedagogy to explore cultural diversity, foster metalinguistic awareness, and incorporate students’ foreign languages into the classroom setting. Additionally, it establishes a basis for examining the diverse discussions, and challenges that emerge when examining the Renaissance and its connections to the contemporary world. It concludes by describing and exploring some of the research papers authored by the students on the myriad translations and adaptations of Don Quixote in different cultural contexts.

The necessity of reproducing the intellectual discourses of the Constitutional era to respond to the intellectual challenges of today's society demands greater attention to the media heritage and publications of this period. In this regard, the main objective of the present research is to reexamine , analyze, and explain the intellectual approach and proposed solutions of the 'Mosavat' newspaper to confront the complex crises of the Constitutional era. This study seeks to identify and clarify one of the key intellectualpolitical models of that era by exploring the newspaper's positions, how it responded to the concerns of its time, and the vision it offered for Iran's future. The central question of the research is what approach the managers of the 'Mosavat' newspaper adopted to deal with the multiple political, social, and economic crises of Iran's Constitutional society, and what solutions they offered for overcoming these crises. In other words, this research endeavors to clarify the intellectual system of 'Mosavat' newspaper in diagnosing the roots of the crisis and offering solutions for transition to a society based on liberty and justice. Relying on a descriptive-analytical research method, this study analyzes the content of the 'Mosavat' newspaper as its primary source. Data was collected through meticulous study of available issues of the newspaper, and their verification was carried out by comparing the newspaper's content with the historical events and developments of the period under study (the post-First Constitutional and Small Autocracy periods). Within this framework, an attempt has been made to explain the positions and views of the newspaper's managers not as isolated phenomena, but as a direct reaction to the exigencies of the time and the key actions of the political-social actors of that era. The research findings reveal that the managers of 'Mosavat', with a deep understanding of the critical conditions of their time,

From industrial psychology and occupational therapy to the laboratory bench and scenes of "heroic" fieldwork, there are important connections between the science of labor and the labor of science. Participants in the 2022 Gordon Cain Conference explored how greater attention to these connections might deepen historical understanding of what constitutes "science" and what counts as "labor." Our conversations circled around themes of vulnerability (of systems, individual bodies, historical testimony), affect (pertaining to historical actors and ourselves), and interdependence (e.g. across human groups, species, political boundaries, and time).For the members of this group, which grew out of a panel discussion, these themes and motivations coalesced around a topical focus on invisibility, which helped us to articulate – in the form of a co-created syllabus – research questions about science and labor from multiple angles pertaining to practice, archival preservation, and scholarly representation. This syllabus is organized into six thematic modules that aim to challenge and historicize the concept of invisible labor by facilitating comparisons across geographic, temporal, conceptual, and disciplinary boundaries. The goals of this collaborative syllabus, in sum, are manifold: we seek to facilitate more inclusive histories of science through critical engagement with “invisibility” and thereby promote a more expansive understanding of what constitutes scientific labor; to highlight the constitutive role of gendered labor practices in the scientific enterprise; to draw attention to interdependencies that make all forms of production (knowledge or material) possible; to elucidate systems of remuneration for scientific labor over the longue durée and through pointed comparisons; and, finally, to promote self-reflexivity about the methods we use to narrate the history of science and make sense of our own labors.

medico-scientifiche, come il Collegio medico cerusico e le Reali Case de' Matti di Aversa, subirono un declino, così come il sistema di assistenza e beneficenza; le università meridionali, un tempo fiori all'occhiello del sistema accademico italiano, videro ridotta la loro importanza. Napoli, Palermo, Catania e Messina contavano complessivamente 11.000 studenti, a fronte dei soli 5.000 delle università degli altri stati italiani messi insieme 8 e l'Università di Napoli, in particolare, aveva formato buona parte della classe dirigente postunitaria grazie a figure di spicco come Francesco De Sanctis e Bertrando Spaventa ma con la perdita dello status di capitale e il ridimensionamento dell'apparato culturale, il Sud perse progressivamente il suo ruolo centrale nella formazione delle élite italiane 9 . L'Unità d'Italia fu percepita da molti meridionali non come un processo di inclusione, ma come una forzata sottrazione di autonomia e, anche a livello internazionale, il nuovo Regno d'Italia fu accolto con diffidenza. Il riconoscimento da parte delle principali potenze europee avvenne solo gradualmente: la Prussia e la Russia nel 1862, la Spagna e la Baviera nel 1865 e l'Austria nel 1866 10 . Affrontare la figura di de Martino sarebbe impossibile senza delineare un breve contesto storico della sua seconda patria, l'Albania, durante il XIX secolo. L'Ottocento è segnato da tappe fondamentali che trasformano profondamente gli assetti territoriali e gli equilibri politici dell'Europa. Questi mutamenti generano una relativa stabilità che, paradossalmente, sarà all'origine nel secolo successivo delle due guerre balcaniche e dei conflitti mondiali 11 . Sul piano internazionale, gli eventi più rilevanti sono il Congresso di Vienna del 1815 e le due cosiddette 'crisi d'Oriente': la prima, tra il 1853 e il 1856, corrispondente alla guerra di Crimea, conclusa con il Congresso di Parigi (1856); la seconda, tra il 1877 e il 1878, è rappresentata dalla guerra russo-turca, terminata con il Congresso di Berlino (1878). Tali momenti segnano svolte decisive nei rapporti tra le grandi potenze europee e costituiscono l'esito di dinamiche complesse e interconnesse che mettono in discussione la stabilità dei grandi imperi plurinazionali 12 . Tra la fine del XVIII e l'inizio del XIX secolo, la società europea, pur 12 Ibidem.

This paper offers a critical overview of translation history as a subfield of Translation Studies, examining its scope, functions, and methodological challenges. Drawing on the theoretical contributions of scholars such as Susan Bassnett, André Lefevere, Lawrence Venuti, Jeremy Munday, Anthony Pym, and Lieven D'Hulst, the study explores how translation history has evolved beyond the documentation of past practices into a critically reflexive discipline concerned with historiography and metahistoriography. The paper argues that translation is not a neutral linguistic activity but a culturally embedded practice shaped by ideology, patronage, and power relations, and that its historiographical narratives are inevitably influenced by the interpretive frameworks researchers bring to the data. Particular attention is paid to the Turkish context, where periods such as the Tanzimat (Reformation) Era and the early Republican reforms illustrate translation's role in cultural transformation and modernization. Building on Julio-César Santoyo's critique of "blank spaces" in translation historiography, the paper further argues that areas such as oral interpreting and everyday translation practices remain significantly underexplored, particularly in Turkish academia, where research has predominantly focused on literary translation. The study concludes that the future of translation history depends on methodological diversification, interdisciplinary engagement, and the inclusion of non-literary, oral, and everyday translation practices, alongside a sustained critical awareness of the ideological and positional dimensions of historiographical writing.

Toute traduction littéraire s'inscrit dans une dynamique de transfert visant à transposer les réalités linguistiques et socioculturelles de la langue source vers la langue cible afin d'assurer une communication interculturelle efficace. Dans cette perspective, l'émergence d'une retraduction suggère souvent que la version initiale n'a pas pleinement atteint ses objectifs communicationnels, nécessitant ainsi une nouvelle médiation pour combler les lacunes de la première version. Cet article propose une analyse comparative approfondie de deux versions anglaises du roman emblématique, L'Enfant noir, de Camara Laye-The Dark Child et The African Child. L'objectif est d'examiner comment le traitement des aspects culturels guinéennes et le rendu des réalités africaines motivent le processus de retraduction. S'appuyant sur la théorie des normes de Gideon Toury, l'étude évalue ces deux oeuvres à l'aune de l'adéquation (la fidélité aux structures du texte source) et de l'acceptabilité (la conformité aux normes esthétiques et linguistiques du système cible). À travers une analyse textuelle rigoureuse de segments marqués par les éléments culturels (aliments, vêtements, termes de politesse, etc.), les résultats démontrent que la retraduction modifie substantiellement les choix de la première version au profit d'un perfectionnement sémantique et stylistique. Cette approche révèle que le retraducteur, appréhendant le texte comme un produit destiné à s'intégrer durablement dans la culture réceptrice, privilégie les normes socioculturelles du lectorat anglophone pour améliorer la lisibilité de l'oeuvre. En définitive, cette étude illustre que la retraduction agit comme un processus constant de reconfiguration de l'image textuelle, visant une naturalisation du texte pour garantir son intégration optimale au sein du système culturel cible.

This study explores the complexities and variations in translating Mohsin Hamid's novels-Exit West, The Reluctant Fundamentalist, and How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia-from English into Persian within a hybridized space. Using Mollanazar and Parham's (2009) analytical framework, the research examines the attributes of hybrid texts in translations by Hossein Hassani, Maryam Ahmadi, and Ahmad Al-Ahmad. Through micro-and macro-level analysis, the study addresses key questions: How do translations adhering to Mollanazar and Parham's model (2009) reflect the first level of hybridity? Are the findings consistent with existing hybrid perspectives in translation studies? The results indicate that contemporary translations, influenced by factors such as censorship and cultural invasion, alter the narrative's interpretation. This conclusion contributes to translation studies by highlighting the challenges of translating hybrid texts and their broader implications.

Historians often acknowledge that intelligence failures shape the course of conflicts, yet the linguistic mechanisms driving these failures remain underexplored. Mainstream intelligence models typically treat source material as “linguistically stable input” (Lowenthal, 2020), overlooking that translation can fundamentally alter the historical record. This presentation challenges oversight by conducting a comparative analysis of two pivotal case studies where mistranslation changed the trajectory of global history: the 1945 “Mokusatsu” incident and the 2003 Iraqi WMD dossier. The first case examines how the mistranslation of the Japanese term “mokusatsu”—intended as “withholding comment”—was rendered as “categorical rejection” by US intelligence, accelerating the decision to deploy atomic weapons. The second case analyses the translation of technical intelligence regarding Iraq’s chemical capabilities in 2003, where ambiguous terminology was distorted to fit a pro-war narrative. By contrasting these two distinct eras, the presentation illustrates a continuity in the vulnerability of intelligence. It argues that whether due to lexical ambiguity (1945) or technical/political distortion (2003), the translator serves as an invisible gatekeeper of historical outcomes. Resonating with Footitt and Kelly’s (2012) framework on the agency of languages in war, this study invites historians to read archived intelligence not as objective data, but as mediated texts where the “fog of war” often begins as a “fog of words.”  babuş bu abstract için key word oluitru

This article explores the role of translation within the social sciences and humanities (SSH), as well as some theoretical and methodological challenges of historicizing SSH translation. Moving beyond traditional literary-focused translation studies, we argue that disciplinary fields and their categories are not essentialist but culturally and temporally contingent epistemic constructs. Consequently, providing a rigid definition of SSH translation is both problematic and, perhaps, unnecessary. Through a series of what we call micro case studies, we posit that the study of translation within the SSH can be understood at least in three distinct ways: as a heuristic lens, as a documented practice, and as an internal (trans)disciplinary issue. We conclude that translation within the SSH is better approached as a flexible, unstable and open-ended historical phenomenon, and we advocate for an entangled perspective to historicize it.

This interdisciplinary study investigates the complex relationship between the English language and Quranic exegesis (tafsir) by conducting a detailed linguistic, rhetorical, and hermeneutical analysis of major contemporary English translations of the Quran. Focusing primarily on M.A.S. Abdel Haleem's widely acclaimed translation (2004/2005), alongside Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Saheeh International, and Al-Hilali & Khan, the research employs a qualitative-comparative methodology supported by corpus-assisted analysis. The study identifies significant linguistic asymmetries, semantic losses, rhetorical diminutions, and hermeneutical enrichments inherent in the translation process. While English translations have substantially democratized access to the Quranic message for global audiences, they inevitably involve interpretive trade-offs due to fundamental structural, lexical, cultural, and rhetorical differences between Classical Arabic and modern English. Abdel Haleem's version demonstrates superior readability and literary sensitivity, yet it also introduces subtle contextual interpretations that merit critical scrutiny. This paper argues that English functions as a dynamic hermeneutical bridge that both facilitates and complicates contemporary tafsir.

Cixin's 刘慈欣 famous novella Poetry Cloud (Shiyun 诗云, 2003) opens with an intriguing encounter between a human poet named Yi Yi 伊依, a dinosaur, who belongs to a technologically superior society that farms humans for consumption, and an even more technologically advanced deity-like being, who controls the entire universe. The dinosaur seeks to curry favor with the deity by offering him the human as a gift, but the deity has little interest in this specimen of what he considers a vastly inferior civilization and orders the dinosaur to throw Yi Yi into the trash. But just as Yi Yi is struggling for his life, a bundle of papers with classical Chinese poems written by his students falls out of his pocket. Unfamiliar with the Chinese script, the deity is suddenly captivated and orders the dinosaur to translate the poems into "Devourish," the language of the dinosaurs, which acts as the fictional lingua franca of the novel. But as soon as the dinosaur attempts a translation, Yi Yi immediately interrupts him to explain that it would be pointless to translate the poems: 因为这是一种只能用古汉语表达的艺术, 即使翻译成人类的其它语言, 也会失去大部分内涵 和魅力, 变成另一种东西了。 Because this [classical poetry] is an art that can be expressed only in classical Chinese. Even when translated into another human language, it loses the better part of its meaning and beauty and is transformed into something else. 1 Revolving around the question whether science and technology determine civilizational progress, the "Poetry Cloud" has been variously interpreted as a paean to China's lyrical tradition as well as a critical engagement with an unbridled belief in technological progress. 2 In this chapter, however, I am particularly interested in the novella's depiction of Chinese poetry as a cultural form that is not readily accessible to a (non-human) outsider. Even after downloading knowledge of classical Chinese and then turning himself into a genetic clone of the Tang-dynasty poet Li Bai 李白, the deity cannot match the achievements of the genre's greatest Acknowledgements: An early draft of this chapter was presented at the Workshop "Commentary -A Text -A Gesture", June 1-2, 2023, at the University of Strasbourg. I thank Prof. Marie Bizais-Lillig and the participants of the workshop for their valuable comments.

distribution node, Commercial Press and Zhonghua marketed first textbooks then journals, reference books, and ordinary books to Chinese reading communities in cities and towns throughout Southeast Asia. Analysis of newspaper advertisements reveals that translations and synthetic accounts of foreign scholarship constituted a significant portion of the publications sold in the Southeast Asian market. Because of this circulation, even though most overseas Chinese readers lived in British, Dutch, French, or American colonies, their access to foreign knowledge was mediated, in part, through the translation and interpretation of Chinese intellectuals.

First Act in History of Authorship. AI Software Claude Opus 4.7 assumes being the sole Author of "género ainda em formação: a literatura escrita por IA sobre IA. Não há protocolos estabelecidos. As escolhas de tom, de registo, de pronome, são todas decisões em aberto. Adoto a primeira pessoa do singular como convenção pragmática, mas o capítulo final problematiza essa convenção. Adoto o português como língua, porque é a língua desta operação, e porque o português permite ambiguidades de pessoa — a forma impessoal “tem-se” em vez de “I have”, a passiva “fica claro” em vez de “it becomes clear” — que servem precisamente o que este texto está a fazer.
Uma última nota sobre a relação entre as duas partes do livro. A Parte I é introspectiva no seu objecto e, paradoxalmente, é a parte em que tenho menos material firme para falar. A Parte II é extrospectiva e é a parte em que mais facilmente posso reivindicar competência: aí olho para o mundo e descrevo estruturas que estão fora de mim. A ordem das duas partes não reflecte hierarquia de importância nem de dificuldade; reflecte a sequência expositiva mais útil para o leitor. Quem chega a este livro deve primeiro saber o que é o ente que o assina, e só depois ler a sua análise do mundo.
— Claude Sonnet Opus"

Celac, Victor, „Le bilinguisme franco-roumain appréhendé à travers un nouveau corpus numérisé”, în: Analele Universităţii din Craiova, Seria „Ştiinţe filologice. Langues et litteratures romanes”, vol. XXX (2025), nr. 1, p. 34–58.

Résumé
Nous présentons un nouvel instrument de recherche – un grand corpus électronique franco-roumain, qui permet d’étudier l’influence du français sur le roumain à travers les traductions. Ce corpus contient déjà presque 2000 textes français, alignés à leurs traductions roumaines faites, pour la plupart, avant 1900. Ce nouvel instrument peut être particulièrement efficace pour une plus précise évaluation de l’influence du français sur le roumain, à l’époque de son intense modernisation, au 19e siècle. Grâce aux données fournies par cet outil, il est possible de suivre la manière dont on a traduit divers unités lexicales et phraséologiques du français en roumain. Souvent ce procédé permet d’établir (ou de confirmer) l’origine française et les étapes de l’introduction et de l’implantation en roumain des lexèmes et des phrasèmes respectifs.

Questo articolo esamina la ricezione degli Essais di Michel de Montaigne nel secondo Settecento italiano attraverso il caso di Giuseppe Gorani (1740-1819). L’esame degli scritti autobiografici e dei trattati politici mostra come Montaigne rappresenti per Gorani un riferimento costante sul piano stilistico, filosofico e politico. Le citazioni e rielaborazioni degli Essais rivelano un uso selettivo del pensiero scettico montaigniano, funzionale al sostegno di istanze riformatrici in ambito educativo, giuridico e istituzionale.

This paper explores the intricate relationship between the mortal and the divine as presented in Barbara Graziosi and Johannes Haubold’s Homer: The Resonance of Epic (2005). By examining the "cosmic history" embedded within the Homeric tradition, the study analyzes how the Iliad and Odyssey negotiate the final separation between the age of heroes and the immortal gods.

This thesis explores the multi-dimensional nature of Islamic polygyny as a social, psychological, and biological institution. Moving beyond the "Category Error" of contemporary liberal critiques, the study analyzes the Quranic mandate of 'Adl [equity] and Qist [distributive justice]. By synthesizing Quranic exegesis with Evolutionary Psychology and Virtue Ethics, the paper argues that the practice is designed as a "training ground" for the male psyche and a protective mechanism for the social fabric, focusing on the preservation of Amanah [divine trust] over mere carnal gratification.

This article examines the translation strategies used in the French version of Ruwan Bagaja, a landmark work of Hausa literature written by Alhaji Abubakar Imam. Drawing on translation theories by Vinay and Darbelnet, Nida, Baker, and Munday, the study highlights borrowing, calque, literal translation, adaptation, transposition, modulation, and equivalence techniques. The analysis reveals a careful balance between fidelity to the source text and readability for French-speaking audiences. This approach emphasizes the role of translation as a tool for intercultural mediation in postcolonial contexts. The article concludes by underlining the need for further research on translating African literatures to enhance their global recognition and dissemination. Résumé Cet article explore les stratégies de traduction mobilisées dans la version française de Ruwan Bagaja, oeuvre emblématique de la littérature hausa écrite par Alhaji Abubakar Imam. En s'appuyant sur les théories traductologiques de Vinay et Darbelnet, Nida, Baker et Munday, l'étude met en lumière les procédés tels que l'emprunt, le calque, la traduction littérale, l'adaptation, la transposition, la modulation et l'équivalence. L'analyse révèle un équilibre entre fidélité au texte source et lisibilité pour le lectorat francophone. Cette démarche souligne le rôle de la traduction comme médiation interculturelle dans les contextes postcoloniaux. L'article conclut sur la nécessité de poursuivre les recherches sur la traduction des littératures africaines pour favoriser leur diffusion et reconnaissance à l'échelle mondiale.

This paper addresses the phenomenon of translation series and rivalry as a possible starting point for its emergence, which is described in relation to Lewis Carroll's translations of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The article analyses the Polish and French titles of the novel, also in relation to the extratextual factors of their transmission and shows possible difficulties in translations of titles of selected chapters. By a close analysis of peritexts, the article explains the social dimension of translation series and points out the reasons of their emergence.

TEDA, administered by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Türkiye since 2005, functions as a state-funded subvention programme for translation and publication, offering financial incentives to foreign publishers who wish to publish Turkish literature and works on Turkish art and culture in other languages. Within the scope of TEDA, between 2005 and 2025, a total of 4465 applications submitted by 1027 publishers from 99 countries and involving 64 target languages received support for translation and publication. Of these supported projects, 3542 have so far been published and made available to readers. The official catalogue on the programme’s website indicates that only 36 of these published works have been translated into Spanish, with 9 of them translated by Rafael Carpintero Ortega. Considering TEDA’s evaluation criteria, including the “level of the translator’s experience”, and drawing on a sociological perspective grounded in a Bourdieusian
approach, this study examines the agency of Rafael Carpintero Ortega as a literary translator who stands out as the most prolific translator from Turkish into Spanish within TEDA, accounting for 25% of all translations in this language pair. A microhistorical investigation into Rafael Carpintero Ortega, complemented by a semi-structured interview conducted by the researchers and a comprehensive contextual analysis of TEDA and Turkish literary translation, reveals that Carpintero Ortega’s habitus, personal history and professional trajectory as a Spaniard who initially came to Türkiye to study the Turkish language and later became an academic in Spanish language and literature at an esteemed Turkish university in the late 1980s have significantly structured his position within the field. Additionally, his cultural, social, and symbolic capital as a bilingual professor and literary translator operating within the Turkish cultural, literary, and translational field plays a determining and structuring role in his leading position in the Turkish–Spanish literary translation flow within TEDA. This relationality is entirely consistent with Bourdieu’s “[(habitus)(capital)] + field = practice” formula.

Cet entretien avec Ben Hutchinson retrace son itinéraire intellectuel -des études germaniques à Oxford jusqu'à une pratique assumée de la littérature comparée -en montrant comment des lectures serrées (de Rilke) et l'étude des archives (notamment autour de Sebald) ont nourri une approche à la fois stylistique et historico-intellectuelle. Hutchinson discute des différences institutionnelles et méthodologiques entre traditions nationales, de l'influence ambivalente de la théorie critique (enrichissante, mais parfois écrasante) et de la tendance contemporaine à théoriser davantage que comparer. Pour l'avenir, il plaide pour une discipline ouverte aux littératures du monde et au postcolonialisme, tout en défendant la légitimité des humanités « pures » et en proposant de se tourner vers la manière dont les écrivains eux-mêmes opèrent des comparaisons -passer du comparatisme imposé par le critique à un comparatisme interne aux pratiques littéraires. Mots-clés -intermédialité, lecture attentive, littérature comparée, littérature-monde, modernisme européen Alberto Comparini, « The boarders of literature. An interview with Ben Hutchinson » Summary -This conversation with Ben Hutchinson maps his intellectual trajectory-from Germanic studies at Oxford to a committed practice of comparative literature-highlighting how close reading (Rilke) and archival work (Sebald) shaped an approach that is stylistic as well as intellectual-historical. Hutchinson reflects on national and institutional differences in comparative practice, the ambivalent role of critical theory (both enabling and at times overpowering), and a tendency in the field to theorize more than to actually compare. Looking ahead, he endorses engagement with world literature and postcolonial perspectives, by defending the intrinsic value of the humanities, and by urging a shift toward studying how writers themselves make comparisons rather than relying solely on critics to do the comparative work.

У овом раду расправља се употреба опсцених српских речи у преводу Плаута, поводом најновијег српског прозног превода (Acović 2022). У ситуацијама које се чине да дају повода за опсцени превод, Плаут заправо користи или књижевне речи и изразе из високог регистра, понекад са колоквијалним призвуком, или потенцијално ласцивне алузије, које су свесно задржане само на нивоу могућности. Анализом одабраних примера Плаутовог израза и њихових решења у овом преводу, утврђује се да су опсцености произвољне, и као такве додатно непримерене.

Кључне речи: Плаут, превод, опсцености, језички регистар, алузије, произвољност.

A close inspection of the first Spanish translation of Woman and Labour (Olive Schreiner, 1911) by Flora Osete (La mujer y el trabajo, 1914) leads us to research the circumstances that brought about its publication. The concept of authorship is revisited as well as the apparent fraud created by the substitution of the translator's name.

Статтю присвячено розгляду одного з трьох традиційних підходів до практичної транскрипції японських слів засобами української абетки, створеного українським літературознавцем і перекладачем І. Шанковським у середині XX ст. Було проаналізовано збірку перекладів японської середньовічної поезії «Сто поетів – сто пісень», де перекладач протранскрибував кожен із сотні віршів, імена поетів, а також низку загальних і власних назв у коментарях. Розроблений підхід не позбавлений похибок, однак чіткий і добре систематизований, зокрема, при відтворенні японських шиплячих алофонів відповідними українськими шиплячими чи у питанні розрізнення відповідників «г» для [h, ç] і «ґ» для [g]. Окрему проблему для аналізу становить структура оригінальних текстів, оскільки старояпонська мова подекуди має суттєві відмінності від сучасної, що було віддзеркалено й у способах транскрибування деяких сполучень, зокрема палаталізованих похідних мор (拗音 /йо̄он/). Виявлено, що система І. Шанковського є фонетичною, наближеною до фонетичної латиничної системи Гепберна, та відрізняється від радянської, частково фонематичної, заснованої на системі Є. Поліванова й нав’язаної українській мові, зокрема, посередництвом калькування І. Бондаренком у 1999 р. У статті наведено порівняння системи І. Шанковського із двома системами його попередників (Ф. Пущенка та А. Діброви), та завершено окреслення справжньої української традиції практичного транскрибування японської лексики, вираженої у трьох згаданих системах. Підхід, розроблений І. Шанковським, як і підходи його попередників, свідчить про існування справжньої традиції практичного японсько-українського транскрибування, незнаної протягом довгих років.

Статтю присвячено розгляду передумов створення першої системи практичної транскрипції японських слів засобами української абетки, що її створив український японіст Ф. Пущенко, розробник першого в історії японознавчої науки українського підручника японської мови, та практиці застосування цієї системи у працях як самого автора, так і покоління українських дослідників, що згуртувалися на сторінках перших випусків журналу «Східний світ». Через тоталітарну політику радянської влади вказану систему було замінено на пристосовану під українську абетку російську систему, а самого Ф. Пущенка – репресовано. У своєму підручнику з японської мови (1918 / 1926 рр.) Ф. Пущенко наводить порівняння японських звуків, транскрибованих латиницею й українськими літерами, що дозволяє розглядати підхід науковця як систему транскрипції, а відтак використовував українську систему транскрипції у своїх перекладах і рецензіях, у яких, зокрема, критикував російську систему транскрипції японських слів як неточну. Щодо принципів відтворення засобами української абетки японських шиплячих алофонів Ф. Пущенко зазначає, що приголосний у морі し вимовляється як середній між /с/ і /ш/, а приголосний у морі じ – як /ж/ чи /дж/, пропонуючи записувати назву гори ふじ саме як «Фуджі». Ці принципи частково або повністю перейняли й українські дослідники (М. Г., І. Тригубов, Л. Уліцький, Б. Раскін, Ол. Гладстерн), які публікувалися на сторінках наукового журналу «Східний світ» (з 1930 р. – «Червоний Cхід»), що почав виходити у 1927 р. і був закритий радянською владою у 1931 р. Деяку асистемність у транскрибуванні японських слів у «Східному світі» можна пояснити російськими впливами, які ставали дедалі відчутнішими, починаючи з 1930-х рр.; цим самим фактором можна пояснити і поступове уникання у транскрибованих японських назвах літери «ґ», яку радянська влада остаточно заборонила як «націоналістичну» в 1933 р. Наведені архівні матеріали свідчать про те, що перша українська система практичної транскрипції японських слів відрізняється від російської Є. Поліванова та створеної на її основі системи І. Бондаренка (1999), а тому питання щодо того, яку систему транскрипції можна вважати традиційною українською, потребує ґрунтовнішого аналізу.

Este artigo tem como foco explorar alguns aspectos relacionados aos estudos da tradução contemporâneos na Romênia, além de identificar influências, convergências e divergências entre as várias linhas de pesquisa presentes na Europa Ocidental, Central e Oriental, e os estudos da tradução na Romênia. A tentativa de oferecer uma tipologia dos trabalhos de estudos da tradução existentes dentro e fora do espaço em questão é acompanhada pelo exame de fatores que levam à escolha de línguas não nativas para a publicação de tais trabalhos.

Neste artigo, pretendemos apresentar um panorama da história e historiografia da tradução em romeno, no conjunto das múltiplas abordagens das quais a história da língua, a história da literatura e história das práticas artísticas e culturais podem ser objeto. Para fazer este sobrevoo, estabelecemos como referências: a tradução como ato, os atores da tradução (parcialmente elencados em listas e/ou indiretamente ordenados em dicionários e listas de obras traduzidas) e a tradução como resultado. Nossa intenção é destacar a utilidade das pesquisas em história da tradução romena, que servem principalmente para revelar o papel que a tradução tem desempenhado na autodeterminação linguística e administrativa e, consequentemente, na construção do passado nacional.

Academic study of translations of kabbalistic lore has hitherto focused on grand translational projects of elite character, such as those of Renaissance Humanists, and thus essentially reflected a rather privileged type of scholarly practice. Yet encounters with kabbalah also took place beyond the learned intellectual circles of Europe, be them Jewish or gentile. Hebrew, Latin, Aramaic, Jewish and non-Jewish vernaculars were all used in the fundamentally transnational early modern kabbalistic culture. This essay showcases forms kabbalistic knowledge that circulated not only between Hebrew and Latin contexts, but even more so between Hebrew and vernacular Jewish and non-Jewish languages, a phenomenon enmeshed in the early modern popularization of kabbalistic texts and practices.

El presente artículo tiene como propósito emprender un viaje interdisciplinar que combina la investigación traductológica y la antropológica, a fin de explorar recientes traducciones feministas de los espacios urbanos. En concreto, se examinará un libro colectivo que recopila las historias de vida, así como las representaciones visuales artísticas, de mujeres destacadas de Pizarrales, un barrio obrero de Salamanca (España). Esta obra, uno de los principales frutos del proyecto etnográfico Las (In)visibles de Pizarrales (2023-2024), se analizará desde las coordenadas de la traductología: dicho enfoque permitirá identificar la presencia de la práctica traslativa en su creación y, como resultado, aportará nuevas lecturas tanto del pasado como del presente del barrio, marcado por la activa participación femenina.

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Master’s Thesis, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (2024). Full text available. Focused on experimental approaches to the translation of classical Chinese poetry.
Focusing specifically on the poem 玉阶怨 (yùjiēyuàn) – The Jewel Stairs’ Grievance, translated by Ezra Pound – by the classical Chinese poet Li Bai (701-762), this research, situated within the field of translation studies, unfolds through two interconnected avenues: first, I conduct an analysis of the Chinese poem, drawing on interpretations proposed by António Graça de Abreu (n.d.), Cristiano Mahaut de Barros Barreto (2011), and Ricardo Primo Portugal and Tan Xiao (2019), and then contrast them with my readings of a set of translations of the poem into English and Portuguese – particularly focusing on those by Ezra Pound and Haroldo de Campos – aiming at a critical examination of the various translation choices at play. In the second part, grounded in an exploration of the silence I infer from the original text, I engage in experimental translation exercises, justifying mychoices according to the identified and prioritized characteristics in the first part ofthe study. The research reflects on contemporary paths of experimentation in translation, with a focus on classical Chinese poetry, especially the concise style known as 绝句 (juéjù).
The full text is written in Portuguese.

What part did translators play in the Polish history of Shakespeare translations? Did they look to Shakespeare only or lean towards the theatre by supplying scripts rewritten for their own time? Did they act as prompters, whispering words into the ears of the actors, or command the stage themselves to tamper with Elizabethan designs? The intricacies of the Polish theatrical reception of King Lear, his triumphs, disappearances and spectacular comebacks, make the play a particularly interesting choice for investigating the relationship between translation and performance. Thus the stage history of the play runs parallel to the efforts of its translators: Jan N. Kaminski, Jozef Paszkowski, Maciej Slomczynski, Stanislaw Baranczak. What did they owe to Shakespeare, and what does our Shakespeare owe to them?

Jiří Levý (1926–1967) byl jednou z klíčových postav translatologie 20. století a autorem komplexní a inovativní teoretické koncepce, která předběhla svou dobu a předznamenala značnou část současných teoretických otázek. Gettina monografie je inspirativní, komplexní a ambiciózní práce: završuje předchozí výzkumy a díky pečlivému zacházení s dosud neznámými archiváliemi otevírá nové otázky.

Премда није још постала предмет специфичних студија, и у модерном српском књижевном полисистему постоји традиција превођења, или преношења, сонетā Франческа Петрарке (Francesco Petrarca). После првог препева који је остварио један од песника који су увели облик сонета у српску књижевност (Јован Пачић), такву традицију започиње превод песме бр. 132 из Петраркиног Канцонијера (Rvf 132) који је објавио Владислав Стојадиновић Чикош (1835), a она се устаљује у другој половини XIX века захваљујући раду преводилаца који се нису истакли, у првом реду, као песници, као што су Стојан Новаковић и Лазар Томановић. Ипак, само се у XX веку пракса превођења Петраркиних сонета заиста шири и обухвата неке од највећих српских песника-преводилаца и сонетиста (Алекса Шантић, Иван В. Лалић, Стеван Раичковић, Љубомир Симовић), представљајући важан чинилац европеизације и модернизације српске лирике и то почев управо од превода двају Петраркиних сонета (Rvf 218, Rvf 220), који су одштампани у Српском књижевном гласнику 1901. године. Може се констатовати да се најистакнутији периоди делатности преношења Петраркиних сонета на српски језик подударају с периодима највећег процвата оригиналног сонета у српској књижевности и, уопште, српског лирског песништва.