International Communication

In contemporary international relations, public diplomacy has become an essential tool for nations seeking to influence global perceptions and build crossborder connections. This field has undergone significant transformation in recent years, particularly through theoretical contributions from scholars like Joseph Nye, who introduced the concept of soft power, and Nicholas J. Cull's framework for understanding international communication dynamics. However, the predominant models in this field have largely been predicated on Western cultural and value systems, with insufficient attention given to the indigenous capacities of non-Western countries and societies. This theoretical lacuna underscores the necessity of developing localized frameworks for countries like Iran and other Islamic societies. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology and drawing upon specialized sources, this research pursues three principal objectives: first, to analyze leading Western public diplomacy models, particularly those developed by Joseph Nye and Nicholas J. Cull; second, to critique the limitations of these models in global interactions and their application in non-Western contexts; and third, to present an indigenous theoretical framework titled the "Islamic Enthusiasm-Generating Model," which emphasizes Islamic values including justice-orientation, ethical principles, constructive engagement, and motivational factors as alternatives to Western paradigms. The findings indicate that Western public diplomacy models, due to their predominantly propagandistic and one-dimensional approaches, lack the necessary capacity to foster sustainable interactions within Islamic societies. The Islamic Enthusiasm-Generating Model, incorporating concepts such as social participation and cultural motivation, establishes an effective framework for public diplomacy in Islamic countries and emphasizes the integration of indigenous values with contemporary tools.

In contemporary international relations, public diplomacy has become an essential tool for nations seeking to influence global perceptions and build crossborder connections. This field has undergone significant transformation in recent years, particularly through theoretical contributions from scholars like Joseph Nye, who introduced the concept of soft power, and Nicholas J. Cull's framework for understanding international communication dynamics. However, the predominant models in this field have largely been predicated on Western cultural and value systems, with insufficient attention given to the indigenous capacities of non-Western countries and societies. This theoretical lacuna underscores the necessity of developing localized frameworks for countries like Iran and other Islamic societies. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology and drawing upon specialized sources, this research pursues three principal objectives: first, to analyze leading Western public diplomacy models, particularly those developed by Joseph Nye and Nicholas J. Cull; second, to critique the limitations of these models in global interactions and their application in non-Western contexts; and third, to present an indigenous theoretical framework titled the "Islamic Enthusiasm-Generating Model," which emphasizes Islamic values including justice-orientation, ethical principles, constructive engagement, and motivational factors as alternatives to Western paradigms. The findings indicate that Western public diplomacy models, due to their predominantly propagandistic and one-dimensional approaches, lack the necessary capacity to foster sustainable interactions within Islamic societies. The Islamic Enthusiasm-Generating Model, incorporating concepts such as social participation and cultural motivation, establishes an effective framework for public diplomacy in Islamic countries and emphasizes the integration of indigenous values with contemporary tools.

This paper examines the migration of the concept of digital sovereignty into the domain of artificial intelligence (AI) within the evolving framework of the BRICS and their recent expansion. Based on previous research developed by the author, AI sovereignty is considered as the prerogative and capacity of sovereign states to understand, develop and regulate AI systems, thus being able to govern digital assets and systems operating within their jurisdiction. This fundamental state attribution is consistent with principles of sovereign equality, nonintervention, and the right to self-determination of peoples, and has been progressively integrated in the BRICS. With the advent of AI, this prerogative acquires new dimensions, encompassing not only jurisdictional control over data and networks but also research, development and governance of algorithmic systems, compute infrastructures, and the legal architecture of automated decision-making. The paper traces this conceptual and regulatory migration from digital to AI sovereignty, highlighting the elements that must be considered as Key AI Sovereignty Enablers such as data, compute, algorithmic capacity, meaningful connectivity, electricity, digital literacy, cybersecurity and risk-based regulation. Through case studies of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, as well as insights from newly acceding members, the analysis identifies diverse but convergent approaches to AI sovereignty. Critically, the enlargement of BRICS+ deepens legal pluralism in the grouping, while amplifying its bargaining power in international fora, increasing its possibility to shape an AI sovereignty model, balancing national prerogatives with collective co-determination of global digital order.

У статті розглянуто концепцію відкритої науки як стратегічного інструменту монетизації консалтингових послуг українських науковців. Показано трансформацію відкритої науки з етичного імперативу у маркетинговий механізм, що забезпечує формування довіри клієнтів, підвищення конкурентоспроможності та комерціалізацію результатів досліджень. На основі аналізу європейських програм («Горизонт Європа», E-COST) та національних ініціатив (Національний план дій щодо відкритої науки, AKIS) окреслено ключові механізми монетизації: грантова підтримка, контент-маркетинг, розвиток цифрового бренду науковця, інтеграція у міжнародні мережі. Запропоновано системну модель, що концептуалізує відкриту науку як багаторівневу платформу комерціалізації знань, де відкриті публікації, дані та інструменти створюють «воронку продажів» для консалтингових послуг. Визначено основні виклики впровадження (ефект «free-rider», варіативність якості даних, культурний опір) та окреслено шляхи їх подолання через сертифікацію, партнерства й мережування. Зроблено висновок, що системна реалізація принципів відкритої науки є ключовим чинником підвищення міжнародної видимості та економічної цінності українських дослідників у глобальному ринку знань.

This paper explores Open Science as a strategic instrument for monetizing consulting services in the Ukrainian academic context. It highlights the transformation of Open Science from an ethical imperative into a marketing mechanism that fosters trust, enhances competitiveness, and enables commercialization of research outputs. Drawing on European initiatives such as Horizon Europe and E-COST, as well as national programs including the National Action Plan on Open Science and AKIS, the study identifies key monetization pathways: grant-based funding, content marketing, digital branding of researchers, and integration into international networks. A systemic model is proposed that conceptualizes Open Science as a multi-level platform for knowledge commercialization, where open publications, datasets, and tools generate a “sales funnel” for consulting services. Challenges such as the “free-rider” effect, variability in data quality, and cultural resistance are discussed, alongside solutions involving certification, partnerships, and networking. The findings suggest that systematic implementation of Open Science principles is a decisive factor in strengthening the global visibility and economic value of Ukrainian researchers within the knowledge economy.

This article examines the pivotal role of Welsh Baptist missionary
Timothy Richard (1845–1919) in facilitating transcultural
knowledge exchange during China’s late Qing reform era (1891–
1915). As head of the Society for the Diffusion of Christian and
General Knowledge Among the Chinese (SDCGK) in Shanghai,
Richard translated seminal texts, for example Robert Mackenzie’s
The Nineteenth Century: A History (1880) among others, thus
shaping China’s discourse on history and modernisation as well
as paving the way for later reformers and historians to reimagine
history beyond both dynastic and imperialist narratives.

This study explores the impact of African cultures on global popular
culture, with a particular focus on music, fashion, language, and
performance art. Set against the backdrop of globalization and the
increasing interconnectedness of cultural spaces, the research
addresses the persistent issue of Africa's cultural contributions
being undervalued, misrepresented, or appropriated without
adequate recognition. The objective is to critically examine the
ways in which African cultural forms—rooted in diverse indigenous
traditions and diasporic experiences—have shaped and continue to
influence contemporary global pop culture trends. Employing a
qualitative methodology, the study integrates cultural analysis,
historical review, and case studies of African influence in global
media, music genres (such as Afrobeats and hip-hop), and fashion.
Interviews with cultural practitioners and scholars will
complement the analysis, alongside content analysis of media and Afrocentric theoretical frameworks. The expected findings suggest
that African cultures have not only contributed significantly to the
global cultural economy but have also redefined dominant
narratives about identity, aesthetics, and creativity. The study aims
to promote a deeper appreciation of Africa's cultural agency and
advocates for equitable recognition of African contributions within
global cultural discourse and production systems.
Keywords: African cultures, Global popular culture, Cultural influence, Afrobeats, Cultural recognition

Original Research Development communication is the planned and systematic use of communication strategies through interpersonal channels as well as print and audiovisual mass media. This discourse examines development news and the fight against terrorism in Nigeria. It succinctly re-echoes the impediments that make the fight against terrorism in Nigeria unsuccessful. Anchored on Agenda Setting theory and the Media Dependency theory, the discourse builds on existing literature which data were gathered through secondary sources such as textbooks, monographs and scholarly journals of communication and media studies. Findings revealed that journalists should continuously use the media to communicate the dangers of insecurity thereby raising alarm in a bid to draw the attention of government to the voiceless and vulnerable. It is recommended, among other things, that with how formidable terrorists have become in the recent time, the Nigerian military should be provided with the needed training and government should invest more in acquiring sophisticated technology to contain terrorism in Nigeria.

UÇK-ja si subjekt i lirisë Pas marsit 1998, shqiptarët e Kosověs ishin popul gë po themelonte botến e tij politike. UÇK-ja soli të dyja: e çliroi Kosovën nga regjimi i Milloshevigit dhe i vuri themelet e shtetit të ni. Kosova e pavarur, e shpallur nē shkurt 2008, përfaqëson kalimin nga çlirimi në liri, realizimin e lirisë në institucione, subjekti e gjen veten në tjetrin ose, siç e formulon Hegeli, bei sich sein im Anderen: të jesh me vete edhe duke qenë në tjetrin I. LIRIA SI ÇËSHTJE SHOIPTARE Kjo ese kërkon ta mendojë UÇK-në filozofikisht, Slavoj Zhizheku dhe dallimin vendimtar mes çlirimit dhe lirisë te Hannah Arendt-i. Një paradoks qëndron në zemër të kësaj historie. Shqiptarët janë një popull që e ka jetuar lirinë kryesisht si mungesë: nga rënia e Skčnderbeut, më 1468, deri në Pavarësinë e vitit 1912 shtrihen pesë shekuj të pushtimit osman; pas një periudhe të shkurtër sovraniteti të brishtë, të ndërprerë nga pushtimi italian e gjerman gjatë Luftës së Dytë Botèrore, shqiptarët rënë nën diktaturën komuniste dhe, në rastin e Kosovës, nën shtypjen sistematike serbe, gë arriti kulmin në vitin 1989. Momentet e lirisë kanë qenë të shkurtra: rezistenca e Skënderbeut (1443-1468), Pavarësia e Vlorës (1912), vitet e para të shtetit

Pola komunikasi politik elit di negeri ini mengalami degradasi makna yang memprihatinkan. Netizen menyambutnya dengan gegap gempita untuk membalikkan keadaan dari maksud yang dikatakan. Berulangkali terjadi, para elit harus menjadi bulan-bulanan di ruang digital. Harapan mendapatkan citra baik (good will), sebaliknya dari pidato-pidato yang memang tampak bernada defensif, koersif, reaktif, yang memicu respon negatif. Kenapa ini terjadi?

The landscape of missions has shifted dramatically in recent years. Due to greater restrictions on access to unreached countries and peoples, the majority of missionaries have had to change both their location and ministry focus. Even in the West, questions remain as to how to engage in faithful witness in light of an increasingly post-Christian culture. The purpose of this study is to show the dire need for the priesthood of all believers in mission, both overseas and at home. As leaders seek answers for the future of missions, we may be helped by looking to our past. One such individual who embraced the priesthood of all believers in mission was John Livingston Nevius, an American Presbyterian missionary to China in the late nineteenth century.
Nevius is famous for his “Missionary Methods,” which helped spark the Korean revivals in the early twentieth century. He was well-known for valuing the input and leadership of indigenous believers and sought to mobilize them for evangelism and missions through their secular vocations. Nevius provides us with an example of how we can implement the priesthood of all believers for missions today through every believer taking up his or her call to humble witness. He especially serves as a model for missionaries and church leaders to mobilize lay believers for missions through their secular vocations and workplaces.

A BRICS perspective on AI governance: multilateralism, development, and inclusion, Science & Diplomacy, Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence Governance, Dec. 2025. Available at: https://www.sciencediplomacy.org/perspective/2025/brics-perspective-ai-governance-multilateralism-development-and-inclusion

This study examines how communication inequality plays out in digital journalism, specifically by looking at how Tamil-language news organisations operate on Platform X. While digital media has opened the door for more voices, significant gaps in attention and recognition persist. By using a mixed-methods approach that blends quantitative content analysis with Cultural Discourse Studies (CDS), the research examines 2,000 posts from BBC Tamil, a transnational public service broadcaster, and Sun News Tamil, a regional commercial news channel. The results highlight clear differences in how news is selected and represented. BBC Tamil tends to focus more on international stories, especially those from the Global North, and policy-related content. In contrast, Sun News Tamil focuses on Tamil Nadu, emphasising cultural relevance and human-interest stories. However, both outlets fall short in covering deeper structural issues like caste, labour exploitation, and the challenges faced by rural communities. These findings indicate that visibility in digital journalism is influenced by everyday editorial practices, such as how stories are selected, framed, sourced, and prioritised thematically. The study posits that communication inequality in our digital world does not stem solely from exclusion from participation; it also arises from the uneven attention given to various issues and social realities.

This systematic review examines the evolution of international information flows and their social, cultural, and economic implications for developing societies within contemporary digitally mediated environments. Analyzing 120 academic sources, the study uses a two-stage approach. First, it maps publications with Gephi to evaluate trends, citation patterns, and scholarly influence. Then, it conducts an inductive thematic analysis with NVivo to reveal key concepts and empirical issues. The review revisits the historical legacy of the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) and examines whether the historical imbalances in access, representation, and control still exist in the digital age. The findings reveal that, despite increased connectivity, global information flows remain shaped by Western-centric platform power, uneven digital infrastructure, and ongoing cultural and media imperialism in the Global South. Although there is evidence of resistance through localized content production and selective media growth, this agency continues to operate within lasting structural and governance limitations. By blending traditional international communication theories with current discussions on platformization and digital colonialism, this review highlights that digital transformation has altered, rather than eliminated, global communication inequalities. The study emphasizes the ongoing importance of NWICO-informed views and calls for updated theoretical frameworks and inclusive governance approaches to promote fairness in global media systems.

This study examines how news about the Israel-Palestine conflict is reported on the social media platform X (formerly known as Twitter) by renowned mainstream television news networks such as Fox News, Al Jazeera English, BBC News World, CNN-News18, and China Global Television Network (CGTN). Using social network analysis (SNA) alongside quantitative thematic analysis, the research aims to identify biases and variations in the comprehensiveness of themes in news coverage. SNA reveals significant differences in the dissemination of information, with Al Jazeera English’s X account emerging as a key influencer due to its regional focus and editorial priorities. In contrast, other accounts show fewer connections, suggesting visibility and thematic focus variations. The quantitative thematic analysis reveals that Al Jazeera English’s X handle provides broader, more detailed coverage of the Israel-Palestine conflict, including developments at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and International Criminal Court (ICC). This thematic scope reflects Al Jazeera’s position as a Middle East-based network. The study also illustrates the politicized nature of news outlets, which tailor content to meet the expectations of their target audiences. The English-language X accounts of media outlets from non-English-speaking countries, such as CGTN, reflect distinct editorial strategies aimed at global audiences. These findings underscore the need for further research into how social media platforms shape the framing and visibility of international conflicts.

This model syllabus redesigns the standard Introduction to American Government course to incorporate Indigenous sovereignty and multicultural political development as constitutive rather than supplementary components of American political history and institutional design. Anchored by Kernell et al., The Logic of American Politics (12th ed.) and Vine Deloria Jr., Custer Died for Your Sins, the course treats the three-sovereign federal structure encompassing federal, state, and tribal governments as the accurate baseline for teaching American federalism, constitutional development, judicial interpretation, bureaucratic administration, voting rights, and policymaking.
The syllabus integrates African American, Indigenous, Latino, and Asian American political histories across all fifteen weeks without displacing standard course outcomes. Students completing the course meet conventional American Government learning objectives while developing a more empirically complete understanding of American political institutions. Discussion questions are designed to require position-taking on genuinely contested institutional and normative questions, making the course resistant to surface level engagement and appropriate for instructors seeking rigorous introductory pedagogy.
The syllabus is offered as a model document for adoption and adaptation across institutional contexts. Boilerplate policy sections are clearly marked for institutional substitution. Primary sources are public domain and available through the Library of Congress, Justia, and the National Archives at no cost to students or institutions.

A Four-Month Development Report on the Quaternion-Octonion Substrate, the Two-Axis Loom, and the Friston-Fiske-Schank Dynamics that Run on It. ──────────────────────────────────────── What this report is This is a development report on Swarp, wriRen from inside the project at the end of May 2026. Version 1.0 organised the report around the integraUon of AcUve Inference, RelaUonal Models Theory, and Case-Based Reasoning, and treated Swarp's thirteen user-visible threads as the architecture. This version corrects that reading. The threads are not the architecture; they are the surface of an outside of an outside-product labels in src/shared/domain-config.ts (productLabelNl) that can be renamed tomorrow without disturbing anything load-bearing. What is load-bearing is the weaving operaUon that sits underneath them.

This paper argues that the concept of soft power, as originally formulated by Joseph Nye, is no longer fully applicable in today's context, given both the nature of the values it promotes and the evolving means by which these values are disseminated, as well as the actors who communicate them. Using a problematization approach, the paper shows that the Western values described by Nye in 1990 were once highly attractive to countries that lacked them-particularly in Eastern Europe. Today, however, many of these countries have already adopted these values, diminishing the relative attractiveness of soft power. The paper concludes that in networked societies-characterised by declining message credibility, the erosion of core values, and nearly five billion individuals interacting in a platformed world-narratives and strategic alliances operate in a radically different environment, far removed from the context in which soft power once flourished.

This article examines how Britain, Canada, and Australia managed the political and moral challenges of Hong Kong's impending 1997 handover through migration policy. Drawing on archival sources and recent scholarship, it situates Hong Kong's emigration debates within the broader contexts of decolonization and evolving Commonwealth relations. As Britain negotiated the Sino-British Joint Declaration and faced mounting anxiety among Hong Kong's populationparticularly after the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacreit sought to reassure the colony's residents while avoiding large-scale immigration to Britain. Britain's 1990 Nationality Scheme, which granted citizenship to only 50,000 Hong Kong families, reflected this constrained strategy. To mitigate the risk of mass migration, London turned to its Commonwealth partners, urging Canada and Australia to share responsibility. Yet both governments responded according to national interests: Canada upheld its universalist immigration principles, and Australia exercised selective flexibility to attract skilled migrants. Together, these measures transformed migration into a form of geopolitical management rather than imperial obligation. By tracing these negotiations, the article reveals how post-imperial states used immigration policy as a pragmatic tool to navigate the end of empirenot through sovereignty transfer alone, but through the bureaucracies of migration and belonging.

D ans cette compilation d'articles, le Groupe d'études et de recherches axées sur la communication internationale et interculturelle (GERACII) de l'UQAM vise à identifier ce qui sépare et rapproche les domaines de communication internationale et de communication interculturelle. Le livre est structuré en trois parties. La première établit des bases épistémologiques et théoriques, la deuxième présente trois recherches en communication internationale et la troisième propose trois études en communication interculturelle. Cette note de lecture porte sur les distinctions et les rapprochements entre ces deux domaines du point de vue de l'altérité, fil conducteur du livre. Dans la communication internationale, les auteurs du chapitre 1 (Gaby Hsab et Gina Stoiciu) situent des sujets reliés au développement, à la diversité culturelle, à la coopération et à la gouvernance internationale. Dans la communication interculturelle, ces auteurs se réfèrent aux situations « de pluralisme ethnique et culturel » (p. 12). Ce domaine « touche davantage les pays ou les sociétés d'immigration » (p. 12). Comme point de rapprochement, les auteurs identifient l'altérité comme le « noyau dur de tout questionnement interculturel et » (p. 16). Ainsi, en communication interculturelle, « l'autre étranger » « prend surtout la forme de l'immigrant » alors qu'en communication internationale, « l'autre étranger » « prend la forme de l'indigène, de l'autochtone que l'on voudrait découvrir » (p. 16). Ces distinctions dominent les classifications proposées dans les deuxième et troisième parties du livre. La partie consacrée à la communication internationale inclut des études menées en Côte d'Ivoire, au Cameroun et en Bolivie. Seulement une de ces études (chapitre 6) problématise le rôle de la communication dans les rapports internationaux. Dès lors, le fait d'aborder l'autochtone à découvrir dans une nation « autre » -et non les thèmes étudiés-semble suffisant comme critère de délimitation de la communication internationale. De même, la partie du livre consacrée à l'interculturel n'inclut que des études sur l'immigration au Québec. Selon cette classification, la communication interculturelle ne tiendrait pas compte des échanges entre groupes différenciés par axes d'appartenance autres que la nationalité-comme l'ethnicité, le genre, la génération ou la langue. L'importance donnée à la nation dans ces classifications reflète une idée de culture restreinte aux frontières artificielles de l'État-nation moderne (Gupta and Ferguson, 1997, p. 35). Le livre présente aussi plusieurs points de rapprochement entre les deux domaines. Selon Oumar Kane, le changement social est l'« horizon commun des politiques et des stratégies de communication internationale et interculturelle » (p. 36); selon Stoiciu, les frontières entre les deux domaines sont floues (p. 66); et selon Agbobli, les deux domaines sont interdisciplinaires et proposent une relation complémentaire entre les enjeux nationaux et internationaux (p. 89). Ces points sont évidents dans les réflexions sur l'altérité présentes dans les trois parties du livre.

riedad contará con el respaldo del uso de las TIC (entre las que destacan los diversos programas de Microsoft © , la plataforma Moodlerooms © y el soporte de generación de páginas web de Wix). Un elemento adicional innovador que se prevé añadir al proyecto es la integración de Traducistán en Minecraft Education © (Microsoft) para elaborar un scoreboard y poder crear una realidad virtual de este país que tiene como objetivo la enseñanza universitaria en materia de competencia profesional y comunicativa.

Il y a quelques semaines, cette idee m'a frappe en pleine rue a Abidjan. Je sortais d'un maquis apres un bon attieke, et en cherchant machinalement un billet dans ma poche pour regler un petit complement, je me suis rendu compte que mon telephone avait deja tout fait via Orange Money. Ce moment anodin m'a fait sourire : dans dix ans, ce geste sera aussi obsolete que de chercher une cabine telephonique publique aujourd'hui. La monnaie physique est en train de mourir. Et en tant qu'entrepreneur ivoirien qui navigue entre startups fintech et commerce traditionnel, je vois cette revolution tous les jours. Elle apporte commodite et inclusion, mais pose aussi la grande question que personne n'ose vraiment trancher : la fin du cash, c'est aussi la fin de l'anonymat financier ?

This paper examines Turkey's efforts to establish itself as a legitimate actor of the international order through an analysis of visits to Turkey by the heads of state of Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran and Transjordan in the Republic's first decade. It argues that these diplomatic encounters functioned as tools of status seeking, through which early Republican elites sought to stage, affirm and legitimize Turkey's position within a hierarchical international order structured by distinctions between Western and non-Western modernities. Drawing on archival documents and newspaper coverage, the article analyzes how these visits were instrumentalized as tools of public diplomacy, conceptualizing them as choreographed spectacles deploying spatial transformation, institutional transformation and socio-cultural transformation to communicate Turkey's desired civilizational alignment with Western modernity. By foregrounding the symbolic and performative dimensions of diplomatic practice, the article contributes to debates on public diplomacy and status, demonstrating how modern identity was staged during periods of state transformation.

A good share of Forcedly Displaced People (FDP) who are popularly known as "refugees", "migrated". Refugee, migration and security related studies very often deal with the "human security" and "security of nation state". Most of the scholarships considered the context Global North. Thus, there is a theoretical gaps in the context of Global South (GS) where a most of the FDP people leave. However, no attempt has been found in the context of GS to explore the relationship between the construction of security of "nation state" and its impact on the human security of FDP people. To address this knowledge gap, an effort was made to explore the state of human security in the camps of Bangladesh where forcedly displaced Rohingya people live. This chapter, also, uncover the dynamics related to the construction of state security and its linkage with human security. However, it explores that how and to what extent the activities of the FDP act as the threat of security of nation state. Relying on the published and unpublished document this chapter this chapter uncovered that women of the camps face a number of security related challenges ,such gender based violence, including rape, forced prostitution and lack of freedom of movement. As host country Bangladesh are not as much successful to tackle the challenges. However, non-state actors are not as much successful to ensure the protection of the women and girls because of the less attention on the men"s engagement in these activities. On the contrary, Because of security concern Government of Bangladesh restricted the rights of education and movement of the FDP. This kind of restriction, generate discrimination in labor market since FDP do not have the rights to do anything outside the camps. Moreover, Rohingya influx in Bangladesh increased security related challenges in Bangladesh, namely: night government, human trafficking and sex trade, environmental insecurity, public health challenges ect. Finally, for ensuing the security of nation state GoB imposed some restrictions that hampered the access to basic rights of the FDP. On the contrary, the Rohingya camp based activities adds new dimensions with its security threats.

This is the July 31, 2017 compilation of notes, references, and quotations relating to Public Diplomacy, Strategic Communications, and Informational Power.  Each compilation was sent to practitioners and scholars in those fields from 2016 to 2018. 

The issues between 24 June 2018 and 11 November 2018 were “File Notes on Information, Communication, and Public Diplomacy.”  From 7 February 2017 to 20 February 2018, the titles were “Strategic Communications and Public Diplomacy ‘Seen on the Web.’”  Issues in this series before 31 January 2017 were variously used Public Diplomacy, Strategic Communications, Quotables, and “Seen on the Web” in their titles. 

This compilation also references North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Philippines, China, Russia, Ukraine, the Baltics, France, China, Somalia, and the Islamic State.

新闻是一个创新推动的知识生产行业。新闻创新有经验和规范这两个维度，对其认知（或认识，epistemic）规范的维度，我们亟须重述一个基本的理解，因为新闻业——不仅其自身，而且它所处的社会情境——正面临“认知的危机”（epistemic crisis）。作为一个真相探寻的行业，新闻业展开的创新，须在一个社会的“知识宪章”（the constitution of knowledge）及其构成的过程当中得到评判和筛选，须指向巩固“发掘事实、呈现真相”这一知识生产的基础秩序，以此维系其“认知权威”，并服务公共生活。

Journalism and communication research needs to attend to the issue of research replicability. In this conversation, we discuss how description is a basic means for the acquisition of empirical knowledge and how replicability is a basic epistemological principle in the production of such knowledge. We then examine the papers published in the 5 top journalism and communication journals in 2023. The results show that, overall, the published empirical studies do not have a high level of replicability, especially the qualitative papers with a humanistic orientation. We analyze and interpret these results through the lens of scientific epistemology. Based on that, we offer some specific recommendations on how to improve the replicability of empirical research so that we can 描述和可复制性：关于经验知识生产的对谈 152 国际新闻界 2024.08 advance journalism and communication scholarship with an orientation toward mutual validation and improved credibility.

This article proposes the observation of the similarities in the application of the concept
of Joseph Nye in the development of diplomatic strategies of Spain and China, establishing a time axis
between both countries and using basic premises formulated by Stephan Keukeleire in his definition of
structural diplomacy. The chronological parallels between the two countries lead us to observe similar
achievements in their evolution and diplomatic involvement, with the ultimate goal of configuring the
basic principles of international society with their vocation for long-term influence. Therefore, they
became State actors that ensure the stability and multilateralism of the system based on the internal
transformations that have been conducted since the 1980s.

This study aimed to analyse the narrative content of explanatory reports in global journalism through an analytical examination of a sample of 90 Pulitzer Prize-winning reports in the Explanatory Reporting category. The study employed narrative analysis as a methodological framework to examine the structure and techniques of storytelling used in these reports. The findings revealed that Pulitzer-winning explanatory reports tend to focus clearly on scientific issues, with particular emphasis on medical and health-related topics, recent discoveries, and new treatments. They also addressed subjects such as terrorism, environmental issues, and astronomy. This trend reflects the nature of explanatory journalism, which seeks to simplify complex topics for the general reader. The results also indicated diversity in headline structures, with interrogative and descriptive titles being the most common, given their role in sparking curiosity and encouraging readers to continue reading. This aligns with the interactive nature of explanatory journalism. Furthermore, the reports often began with a narrative-driven introduction that lends a human dimension to the issue and brings it closer to the audience. The narrative structure of the reports relied on a range of explanatory tools, such as sequencing events, providing historical context, citing statistics, sharing personal stories, and incorporating expert opinions. Regarding storytelling techniques, the reports showed a marked use of fragmented narration alongside linear narration. The narrative styles varied between descriptive, dramatic, and dialogic, reflecting explanatory journalism's adaptability to both the subject matter and the target audience. The reports also fulfilled multiple narrative functions, including critique and accountability, motivation and influence, interpretation, and documentation-demonstrating the comprehensive role of explanatory journalism. Finally, the study highlighted the importance of visual elements such as videos, maps, info graphics, and illustrative images in supporting the explanatory aspect and enhancing reader engagement. This reflects the evolution of journalistic storytelling tools in the digital environment and contributed to the development of a guiding model for producing explanatory reports that foster deeper understanding of complex issues in the Arab world.

D’abord journaliste, puis consultant pour des agences spécialisées des Nations unies, Bertrand Cabedoche s’est imposé comme une figure majeure des sciences de l’information et de la communication (SIC). Professeur des universités et titulaire de la chaire UNESCO en Communication internationale à l’Université Grenoble Alpes, il a présidé le réseau mondial des chaires UNESCO Orbicom, reconnu comme Think Tank officiel de l’UNESCO. Forts de plus de quatre décennies de pratiques et de recherches en SIC, ses engagements scientifiques ont contribué de manière significative au rayonnement international de la discipline.
Ce collectif rend hommage à cet éminent professeur. Il rassemble des contributions qui interrogent les dynamiques contemporaines de la communication à l’aune des mutations sociales, politiques, culturelles et technologiques du monde contemporain. Inscrit dans une perspective réflexive et critique, le livre explore les transformations des pratiques communicationnelles, des dispositifs médiatiques et des cadres théoriques des SIC.
Les auteur.e.s analysent notamment les enjeux liés à la mondialisation de la communication, aux rapports de pouvoir, à la communication politique et publique, au numérique, ainsi qu’aux interactions interculturelles dans des contextes variés. L’ouvrage met en évidence la nécessité de penser la communication comme un processus social complexe, traversé par des logiques économiques, idéologiques et symboliques, tout en soulignant l’héritage intellectuel de Bertrand Cabedoche dans la construction d’une approche critique et engagée de la discipline.

Le monde contemporain est marqué par une mobilité et une interconnexion globales sans précédent. Les innovations technologiques récentes ont rendu les barrières à cette mobilité plus poreuses, transformant les médias électroniques en points d’articulation incontournables des flux globaux. Cet ouvrage explore les espaces publics diasporiques, interactifs et turbulents, créés par les médias sociaux. Il analyse comment le politique à l’ère du numérique se reconfigure en forme de toile, transcendant les frontières traditionnelles de la nation. Les diasporas africaines en Europe illustrent cette dynamique à travers leurs formes de participation politique et d’entrepreneuriat culturel. À travers une approche qualitative, combinant l’analyse des contenus à l’ethnographie en ligne et hors ligne, ce livre met en lumière la complexité et la fluidité des pratiques qui façonnent des communautés transversales et transnationales, allant de l’hyper local au panafricain. Une lecture essentielle pour saisir les nouvelles configurations du politique à l’ère numérique.

Neste artigo, apresentamos uma análise da mídia étnica enfocada aos mais de dois milhões de imigrantes de países de língua portuguesa (principalmente Portugal, Brasil, Cabo Verde e Açores) vivendo nos Estados Unidos. Esses grupos formam parte do que chamamos da diáspora lusofônica. O objetivo é compreender como a mídia focada nessa diáspora negocia a diversidade de origens e padrões de assimilação. Observamos uma distinção geográfica que cria duas áreas de acesso à mídia em português. A primeira atende o nordeste dos Estados Unidos, com uma população de vários países de língua portuguesa e uma segunda área, localizada na Flórida, atende principalmente a migração mais recente de brasileiros. Novas tecnologias de media, principalmente a Internet, tem um papel importante nas duas regiões. Rádios e jornais continuam exercendo funções como a disseminação de informação e auxiliando no processo de integração e assimilação de imigrantes, funções importantes da mídia étnica Palavras-chave: Mídia lusófona. Mídia etnica. Jornalismo.

The role and importance of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) has increased with globalisation and the growth of global institutions. Not only do INGOs play a major role in aid delivery in developing countries, they also serve as the voice of the people in the growing global governance system. Thus they have an increasing impact on the social and economic welfare of people around the world. For this reason, the performance and management of INGOs is vital. However, research on their management is lacking. INGOs possess unique characteristics including complex environments, value-based missions and no financial bottom line. Therefore, management practices, like internal communication, that are generally developed for for-profit organisations need to be evaluated for suitability within the INGO context. Strategic internal communication has been identified as driving organisational performance. Internal communication can be defined as strategic when its purpose is to align internal stakeholders with the organisation's strategic intent. By facilitating strategic alignment, internal communication can play a critical role in organisational performance. Research on strategic internal communication is limited and virtually non-existent when considered within the INGO context. However, by considering communication management theory, strategic management theory and NGO management theory, it is possible to develop theoretical propositions on the strategic functioning of internal communication in INGOs. In particular, the theory suggests that a postmodern approach to strategic management and strategic internal communication can assist INGOs in addressing many of the challenges they face. This study explores the strategic functioning of internal communication in INGOs through exploratory, qualitative case studies. The evidence shows that internal communication in INGOs does not generally function strategically. However, the function is recognised as having potential to improve the performance of these organisations. In particular, there is support for the suitability of a postmodern approach to strategic internal communication in INGOs. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Orientation and background 1.1 viii 2.4.3 The INGO workforce 2.4.4 INGOs in South Africa 2.5 MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES FACING INGOS 2.5.

Successful engineering projects result in solutions the intended audience can easily and effectively use to achieve a particular objective. For this reason, usability-or creating products individuals can easily use-is a central part of engineering. Engineering students, in turn, can benefit from learning how to address usability factors when developing solutions for others. An understanding of cognitive models can be central to this process. This paper discusses what cognitive models are and explains how they can help address the usability expectations of an audience. The paper then presents different approaches educators can use to teach engineering students about cognitive models and the role they can play in developing usable engineering solutions.

This study adopted a descriptive design to explore the interaction sequences of 77 undergraduate-level English as a Foreign Language learners using discourse analysis. The foreign language (L2) interactions were coded according to theories of negotiation. The results indicated that negotiation strategies were frequently employed in L2 classroom interactions among peers. This study analyzed the use of negotiation strategies and the specific types of triggers prompting language learners to negotiate for meaning in interactions with adult English as foreign language learners. It was found that these learners adopted a variety of negotiation strategies, including clarification requests, confirmation checks, repetitions, and appeals for help. The findings also showed a predominance of lexical triggers causing interactional breakdowns. The results suggested that negotiation in L2 classes generated a significant amount of linguistic output through various interactional moves, thus providing opportunities for language learners to receive meaningful L2 input. Furthermore, as the interactions occurred among non-native speaker pairs, a tranquil learning environment was established, which may indicate the alleviation of the fear of losing face in L2 interaction.

This study uses mixed methods research to examine how the British Broadcasting Corporation's (BBC's) method of funding is represented in UK national newspapers. The licence fee (paid for by everyone who watches television) provides the BBC with a guaranteed funding stream, in contrast with a struggling press facing declining print newspaper sales and subsequently declining profits. Owners of prominent newspapers have publicly condemned the notion of licence fee-funding and accused the BBC of 'dumping free, state-sponsored news on the market' (Murdoch 2009). However, so far, there has been little systematic analysis of how UK national newspapers report on the BBC and no specific literature on newspaper reporting of the licence fee. This study therefore provides unique analysis of how the licence fee is represented in newspaper reporting, focussing on print coverage of four critical periods within the recent history of the Corporation's funding model. Its results are drawn from a quantitative analysis of 646 UK newspaper articles, followed by a detailed qualitative analysis of the language in a selection of these articles, using Critical Discourse Analysis. parties, this study investigates whether newspapers' party political affiliations (see table 2.1) influence the language they use when reporting the BBC licence fee.

Se registraron los flujos de comunicación en una región anglosajona de América del norte. Mediante el análisis de contenido cuantitativo de las cartas programáticas de cuatro estaciones televisoras (dos privadas y dos públicas) de las ciudades de Ottawa en Canadá y de Washington D. C. en Estados Unidos (una privada y una pública en cada ciudad) en tres semanas del año 2005, se observó la hegemonía fragmentada y autosuficiencia interna de los conglomerados mediáticos estadounidenses cuya presencia se hizo notar en Canadá. Por otro lado, se notó una fuerte ausencia de otras potencias productoras audiovisuales como lo demostró la poca participación de países Europeos y Asiáticos.

The BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), and its recent expansion, has evolved beyond its economic foundations to emerge as a formidable actor influencing global governance. This article critiqued portrayals of BRICS as a merely symbolic or disjointed alliance, arguing that it offers a viable alternative to the Western-dominated global order. It challenges the representativeness of traditional institutions like the UN, IMF, and World Bank, while examining BRICS' initiatives such as the New Development Bank and de-dollarisation efforts. Being a qualitative research, secondary data was utilized to analyze BRICS' institutional strategies, ideological narratives, and policy tools that seek to reshape global power configurations. The study is anchored on two theories, the Neo-Gramscian and Structural Realism. The study argued that BRICS functions both as a symbol and agent of multi-polarity and examines whether the coalition can consolidate a coherent global vision beyond being a protest bloc. The study established in its findings that, BRICS is the alternative to Western dominated global institutions, thus, providing a change in the unipolar grips on global politics. One of the recommendations given is that as an alternative to unipolarity, BRICS should promote South-South alliances so as to strengthen its New Development Bank that will measure up with the global institutions such as the World Bank and IMF. Its evolving role may be pivotal to the future of global governance.

Nigeria’s role in global communication has evolved significantly in response to political, economic, and diplomatic developments. This study examines the nature, focus, and achievements of Nigeria’s international communication strategies during the administration of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu. Using qualitative analysis and document review, the study explores how Nigeria projects its national interests, diplomatic narratives, and global image through communication policies and international engagement. The research evaluates key communication strategies, diplomatic messaging, and media representation within the context of global information flows. Findings highlight the opportunities and challenges associated with Nigeria’s efforts to reposition itself within the global communication system, particularly in relation to diplomacy, international partnerships, and digital communication platforms. The study contributes to the broader discourse on international communication and provides insights into how developing countries can strengthen their global communication strategies in an increasingly interconnected world.

Atualmente, “mundialização”, “globalização”, “economia-mundo”, “história global” são termos que se tornaram cada mais familiares aos historiadores, que os propõem enquanto instrumentos para renovar a forma de “fazer história” (“faire de l’histoire”). O modo como esses historiadores usam esses conceitos nem sempre é muito rigoroso, e, mais ainda, entre a língua francesa e a língua inglesa os campos lexicais de globalidade estão em descompasso semântico. Por isso, convém iniciar por uma adequação terminológica. À primeira vista, de si mesmo o Império romano sugere ao historiador uma descrição embasada na globalização, suscetível de produzir uma maior eficácia heurística. Ainda é necessário buscar uma definição do conceito de globalização especificamente aplicável ao mundo romano, colocando provisoriamente entre parênteses o significado assumido por este termo no contexto do mundo contemporâneo.

This study analyzes the multifaceted risks posed by the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the public
security sector, with a specific focus on the emerging threats of deepfakes and voice cloning. While AI integration offers
significant potential for modernizing criminal investigations and optimizing information management, its unregulated or
malicious use constitutes a profound threat to institutional credibility, the integrity of digital evidence, and the protection of
fundamental human rights. Methodologically, this research employs a qualitative and exploratory approach, combining a
comprehensive literature review with a case study analysis of documented incidents in Angola. These real-world cases
demonstrate that AI-generated misinformation, defamation, and financial fraud are already impacting the Angolan social and
legal landscape, creating complex challenges for public authorities. The findings indicate that the primary vulnerabilities stem
from a significant gap in specific digital regulations, limited technical capacity among law enforcement agencies, and a general
lack of digital literacy within the population. The study concludes that addressing these risks requires an integrated strategy based
on the implementation of robust regulatory frameworks, enhanced human oversight, and the promotion of digital education. By
examining the Angolan context, this research highlights the urgent need for proactive policies to mitigate institutional instability
and safeguard public trust in the digital age.