Maritime Business

Purpose -For the case of Sweden, this paper aims to determine how a range of different infrastructure fees and taxes influences modal split, port throughputs, air emissions, societal costs of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollution, as well as logistics costs. Design/methodology/approach -The Swedish national freight model is used to simulate a range of different proposed infrastructure fees, one by one and in combination. The volume of emissions of CO 2equivalents, NOx, SOx and PM under the different scenarios is calculated in both volume and monetary terms, by applying national emission factors and EU values for external costs. Findings -Road user fees are calculated to have the largest impact on the modal split, GHG emissions and air pollution. The impact increases slightly when road user fees are combined with higher fees for sea and rail and/or gate fees in all Swedish ports. The imposition of gate fees over e30 per truck in all ports leads to shifts in cargo to land-based modes and to ports outside Sweden. The logistics costs in Sweden are found to be three to ten times higher than the benefits of reduced GHG emissions and air pollution, although other benefits to society need to be considered as well. Research limitations/implications -Methods which attempt to evaluate alternative approaches to the internalisation of the external costs caused by transport need to be further developed. In particular, they need to encompass a more holistic perspective on "benefits to society", other than merely reductions in GHG emissions and air pollution. To facilitate international acceptance and adoption, such methods require agreements to be reached on common definitions and routines. Practical implications -The results can be used as basis for policy-making. They illustrate the environmental impacts of the fees and taxes one by one and in combination and to what extent these reinforce each other and should be co-ordinated. Social implications -The outcomes are relevant to national and international policymakers and authorities, as well as port authorities, shippers and transport companies who need to determine unilateral © Pacific Star Group Education Foundation. Licensed re-use rights only. Research for this paper was conducted with the financial support of the Swedish innovation agency Vinnova. MABR 4,1 4

Purpose Cruise traffic has dynamically advanced worldwide over the past two decades. This maritime business and tourism typology is strongly concentrated in several links that comprise the cruise product. With regard to destination regions, the concentration occurs both in the few worldwide destination regions and in the specific ports within a given destination region. Moreover, in a cruise itinerary’s configuration, there is a strong spatial dependence between the ports that comprise it. Taking these into account, the aims of this paper are to identify the current competitive positions of Spanish cruise ports and to explain the different features of the competitive positions obtained. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 21 Spanish ports is selected to conduct a competitive positioning analysis. The analysis is developed by applying portfolio analysis based on the “growth-share matrix” adapted to the port industry. Moreover, the sample of ports is divided into three groups base...

Purpose -This paper aims to identify the factors that experts consider important for the effective operation of multimodal transport using the Trans-Siberian Railway (TSR) in the Russian Far East and to also establish operational strategies that enable Korean logistics companies to use TSR efficiently for multimodal transportation. Design/methodology/approach -A total of 65 questionnaires were distributed to predominantly Korean logistics companies/shippers with experience in TSR and 19 replies were received. The majority of the respondents are senior executives with at least 10 years of work experience. To identify the factors and present strategies, this study applied the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities -fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method, which is based on complex multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) that facilitates decision-makers in considering an operational strategy by calculating the importance of input factors. Findings -Results from the FAHP indicate that the Strengths is the main factor affecting TSR multimodal transport decisions, followed by the Threats, Opportunities and Weakness factors. In terms of rank, reduction of transportation distance and time are determined as the most crucial factor from the perspective of Korean logistics companies, followed by the northern logistics development plan, the Russian Government's willingness to the development plan, political instability and possible linkages with the Korean ports. Originality/value -Through a hybrid MCDM analysis of Korean logistics companies, three operational strategies were proposed: foreign direct and small investments in the Russian Far East, Korean logistics

Purpose Economic studies have always underlined the cyclical trends of many industries and their different relations to the macro-economic cycles. Shipping is one of those industries and it has been often characterised by peaks that have influenced both the trade patterns and industry investment structure (e.g. fleet, shipyard activity, freight rates). One of the main issues related with the cycles is the effect on overcapacity and prices for newbuilding and how the understanding of these patterns can help in preventing short-hand strategies. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate different effects of business elements on shipbuilding activity, in relation to different economic-cycle phases. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a non-linear econometric model to identify the relations between shipbuilding and economic cycles over the past 30 years. The research focuses on identifying the cycle characteristics and understanding the asymmetrical effect of economic- and bus...

According to the mid-term review of the EU White Paper on Transport, Short Sea Shipping (SSS) is expected to grow at a rate of 59% (metric tonnes) between 2000 and 2020. If we consider that the overall expected increase in both freight exchanges and volume is 50%, sea transport is one of the most feasible alternatives to reduce traffic congestion on European roads. Maritime transportation may compete with road transport as far as certain traffics are concerned, but only when assuming external costs. This paper analyzes several intermodal transport chains involving a sea leg by comparing the effect of pollutant emissions from different ship types and road transport in terms of potential external cost savings. The translation of these emissions into environmental costs shows, for certain conditions, savings in the case of sea transport that would justify the use of an environmental bonus to promote the sea option.

Around 45% of European Union (EU) foreign trade is carried by road, which is conditioned by traffic congestion and high fuel consumption, and lead to implying the pollution and safety problem. Short Sea Shipping forms another 40% of the EU foreign ...

Purpose The transaction process of an office building is known to be time consuming and inefficient, in part due to the lack of market transparency. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the development of a blockchain application that can improve the transaction process of office buildings in the Netherlands. Design/methodology/approach Conducting design science research, the current transaction process of an office building and status quo of blockchain technology in real estate is investigated. Subsequently, multiple parties are interviewed to define major pain points within the process. The interview findings are used to design a blockchain solution which overcomes the aforementioned pain points. After designing, the interviewees are asked again to pragmatically validate the proposed model. Findings One of the major pain points identified concerning the transaction process of an office building is that it is difficult to define the characteristics of a property, due to lack of...

Purpose -This study aims to investigate the moderating role of psychological capital (PC) and the mediating role of safety climate (SC) in the relationship between the perception of psychological well-being (PWB) and ethical climate perception (ECP) of yacht crews in commercial yachts. Design/methodology/approach -This study follows a quantitative approach. Data were obtained from a total of 339 yacht crews in T€ urkiye. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 statistics package software. Findings -This study uncovers the role of SC and PC in the causal relationship between the PWB and ECP of yacht crews who are, as tourism and maritime industry employees, expected to exhibit positive organizational attitudes and behaviors. The PWB of yacht crews in the work environment is affected by their SC and PC levels. Research limitations/implications -Although the holistic model of this study is a strong one, there are some limitations. The sample includes only Turkish yacht crews in yacht organizations in T€ urkiye. Yacht crews work periodically under harsh conditions. We acquired the research data from the yacht crews who had experienced the challenging environment; hence, the findings are specific to the crews. Ethical perceptions and standards may differ across cultures; for this reason, future research on employees in different organizations may conclude with different results. The significance of this research lies in the fact that it tests a comprehensive model. Practical implications -This study can guide managers in finding ways to affect the PWB of crews. Ethical and safety climate should be taken into account by yacht organizations to improve the perceptions of yacht crews. The findings show that ECP and SC have a positive effect on the PWB of yacht crews. From this perspective, this study suggests that yacht organizations should involve their crews in their ethical decisions to foster an ECP. Yacht businesses should act consistently in all areas and adopt clear safety and ethical rules and procedures for yacht crews to follow to create a perception of ethical and safety climate. Social implications -This study contends that yacht crews, who face lengthy shifts and professional duties, are a component of the tourism and maritime industries. The findings indicated the necessity for more study on different perspectives related to the factors that impact PWB in the light of the employees. There are relatively scarce data on yacht crews and the relationship between their PWB, SC, ECP and personality constructs such as PC. This research shows that the PWB of yacht crews in stressful and demanding working environments depends on positive ECP and high PC through SC. Originality/value -This study is the first to assess the role of SC and PC in the relationship between the ECP and PWB of yacht crews. It further aims to fill the research gaps and build on the tourism and maritime literature on yacht crews and PWB, and climate within the tourism and maritime context.

Countries around the world especially coastal States establish cabotage laws which apply to merchant ships so as to protect the domestic shipping industry from foreign competition by eliminating or limiting the use of foreign vessels in domestic coastal trade. Coastal States’ deep dependence on the seas and its resources remains integral to their economic wellbeing and survival as nations. Due mainly to the importance of maritime trade and the critical role that coastwise and inland waterway transportation play in nations’ economy, these States had always created cabotage laws aimed at protecting the integrity of their coastal waters, preserving domestically owned shipping infrastructure for national security purposes, ensuring safety in congested territorial waters and protecting their domestic economy by restricting the rights of foreign vessels within their territorial waters. The concept of cabotage has however been broadened lately to include air, railway and road transportatio...

Purpose -This study aims to explore and analyzes the risk factors in container shipping and logistics services using a dual perspective. The authors gather data not only from logistics service companies but also from their most important customers. Design/methodology/approach -In this research, the authors used case study methodology (interviews and surveys) to examine risk factors that are related to one another within the interaction between logistics service companies and their customers in the emerging markets of the Mediterranean region (Turkey, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya). Findings -The findings show the most important risk factors and compare them using a dual perspective. Customers identify additional risks and estimate their consequences as wider. Interestingly, oil price change plays a dual role because a price increase could be beneficial to the region; at the same time, however, the competitiveness of shipping would decrease. In both response groups, risk likelihood and risk consequence have a positive and statistically significant correlation. Research limitations/implications -The findings of the study are limited to one shipping/logistics service company. On a global scale, the company is medium-sized; however, in terms of Northern Europe, it is an important player. Extending its service portfolio to the Mediterranean region is an important step. Practical implications -In emerging markets, risks go hand in hand with profitability, and companies need to apply extensive risk analysis and mitigation strategies to survive. Social implications -The southern Mediterranean region is showing some signs of economy recovery. Efficient, robust supply chains are in demand to support sustainable growth. Originality/value -Using a case study approach in supply chain risk management in shipping is rather rare; this work is ground-breaking in that it uses dual perspective in the analysis.

Dependency of accurate and timeliness information is increasing in supply chains. A disruption in information exchange in supply chain can cause severe repercussions to the flow of materials within it. This paper is addressing this gap by assessing the information exchange methods and their disruption risks wood supply chains of an international pulp and paper manufacturer. In this study we illustrate the importance of different information exchange methods as well as the vulnerability reflected to the chain by the possible disruptions of them. The main risk identified by the interviewees raised from information intensive the logistics systems. Internet and phone connections as well as personal relations were found to be essential for fluent information exchange.

The rising prevalence and sophistication of cyber threats pose unprecedented challenges to online enterprises, exposing them to significant financial, operational, and reputational risks. This work proposes an innovative framework for cybersecurity

This reflection paper will explain what I have learned in studying the MARPOL 2017 Consolidated Edition, which is focused on the preventing pollutions from ships. It will be discussing about the six main sources of pollution mainly oil, noxious liquid substances, harmful substances in packaged form, sewage, garbage, and air emissions. These kinds of marine pollutions causes many different problems for our ocean and marine life. Through this reflection, I will share what I have learned, what I personally feel about this issues, and how do I plan to apply these lessons for my future career as a deck officer onboard ships. The main purpose of this paper I have made is to present that understanding the MARPOL is not just about following the rules, but also about the protecting the sea that gives us life and livelihood and jobs.

During the Course Orientation, I discovered that this subject is designed to teach us how to reduce and prevent pollution in the world's Oceans. It also explains the global laws that regulate how ships should operate to ensure the safety and cleanliness of the seas. The lessons highlight the responsibilities of seafarers like me in following these environmental standardsespecially those stated under the MARPOL convention. Through this, I realized how important my role is in keeping the oceans healthy and protected. Based on the video I watched, the course also follows the STCW Code, which serves as a guide for seafarers worldwide. It focuses on managing ship operations responsibly while maintaining safety, security, and environmental care. The course emphasizes not only knowledge of MARPOL regulations but also their practical application in real-life maritime work. It teaches us to follow international maritime laws with awareness and responsibility.

The maritime domain, a vast and intricately woven tapestry of oceans, seas, rivers, and waterways, serves as the very lifeblood of global civilization. It is the conduit through which over %90 of world trade flows, carrying the goods, resources, and energy that sustain our interconnected global economy. It provides access to vital marine resources, including food, minerals, and energy reserves, which are essential for human well-being and economic development. It supports countless livelihoods, from fishermen and seafarers to port workers and maritime professionals. And it fosters cultural exchange, connecting people and communities across continents and facilitating the sharing of ideas, traditions, and knowledge. However, this crucial and indispensable domain faces an increasingly complex, dynamic, and multifaceted array of security challenges. From the resurgence of piracy and maritime terrorism to the insidious rise of illegal fishing, smuggling, human trafficking, cyberattacks, environmental degradation, and geopolitical tensions, the threats confronting the maritime industry are interconnected, constantly evolving, and becoming increasingly sophisticated. This necessitates a robust, adaptive, holistic, and proactive approach to marine security, one that prioritizes not only reactive measures but also unwavering adherence to established regulations, best practices, international standards, and a deeply ingrained culture of security consciousness. A critical and non-negotiable component of this framework is uncompromising compliance, ensuring that all stakeholders, particularly facility owners, operators, port authorities, shipping companies, coastal states, international organizations, and individual seafarers, fulfill their respective responsibilities in safeguarding our shared maritime heritage and ensuring the sustainable use of our oceans.

PurposeInter-organisational governance is an important enabler for information processing, particularly in relationships undergoing digital transformation (DT) where partners depend on each other for information in decision-making. Based on information processing theory (IPT), the authors theoretically and empirically investigate how governance mechanisms address information asymmetry (uncertainty and equivocality) arising in capturing, sharing and interpreting information generated by digital technologies.Design/methodology/approachIPT is applied to four cases of public–private relationships in the Dutch infrastructure sector that aim to enhance the quantity and quality of information-based decision-making by implementing digital technologies. The investigated relationships are characterised by differing degrees and types of information uncertainty and equivocality. The authors build on rich data sets including archival data, observations, contract documents and interviews.Findings...

Containers, a global maritime trade influencer, have increased the importance of ports. Ports serve as an economic catalyst for revenue and employment. The importance of container transport cannot be overemphasized in international trade especially in Nigeria. Hence, it becomes expedients to assess the elements of container terminal capacity, analyse the trend of cargo throughput and as well determine the relationship between handling equipment and cargo dwell time in Western ports in Nigeria. The study adopts multistage sampling. Also, both primary and secondary data were collected from the staff of the container terminal operators in Tincan Island Port Complex and Apapa Port Complex and 347 respondents were chosen using Yamene formular. Furthermore, Descriptive statistics such as frequency table, line graph, bar charts were used to examine the elements of container terminal capacity, analyse the trend of cargo throughput. The inferential statistics such as regression analysis was used examines the relationship between thandling equipment and cargo dwell time. The result showed a decline in cargo throughput from 2019 to 2020, a trend that can be directly attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, it was shown that the coefficient of handling equipment is 0.725, indicating that for every unit increase in the handling equipment score, the cargo dwell time increases by 0.725 units. The t-value of 21.558 and a significance level of 0.000 signify that the handling equipment is a significant predictor of cargo dwell time. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that terminal space, handling equipment, daily stock and port labour were significant factors or elements of container terminal capacity. It was recommended that Nigerian Ports Authority should invest more on sustainable infrastructure and terminal operators and stevedoring company should train and retrain their staff on modern handling equipment.

Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of procurement physiognomies on the creative accounting (CA) of listed health-care firms in Nigeria from 2016 to 2020. Design/methodology/approach This paper used positivist paradigm. Annual reports and accounts, questionnaire and e-mails were used to obtained and extract quantitative data. The data were analyzed using OLS regression. Findings The study found that, procurement planning, e-procurement and procurement legislation compliance possessed negative weighty consequence on CA of quoted Nigerian health-care corporations while outsourcing, procurement staff competency and strategic supplier partnership possess positive substantial impact on the firms’ CA. The article concluded that procurement physiognomies play an important role in managing CA of health-care firms. Research limitations/implications This study findings are only applicable to listed health-care firms in Nigeria. It only used six procurement attributes. The researc...

Purpose This study aims to examine the influence of the blue economy factors on the economic growth of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. Design/methodology/approach Secondary data from 1995 to 2018 have been used for the analysis of eight countries. The contributing factors that measure the fishing production are total aquaculture production, total fisheries production and agriculture, forestry and fishing. Trade and the rate of inflation are used as control variables. Using the feasible generalized least square technique. Findings It was found that the blue economy factors play a statistically significant role in the economic growth of SAARC countries and contribute to the achievement of Goal 14 of the United Nations’ sustainable development goals: to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Originality/value This study highlights the fact that proper management and utilization of water res...

The well known phenomenon of wind speed reduction at the back of plain buildings is commonly used when planning urban spaces. When planning the use of ports, on the other hand, the need of having wider and more accessible spaces near the mooring places, combined with the extensive use of containers, creates the need of demolishing old existing buildings, such as warehouses, office facilities, etc. In such cases, when demolition is planned, it has to be taken into account that significant changes can occur in wind speed distribution in the ports. The increase in wind speed arising from the elimination of a building may have a negative influence on the berthing maneuvers of vessels and increase mooring forces afterwards. Otherwise, preserving some buildings can help to have faster and safer berthing and moorings. In this paper, two examples that describe the positive influence of wind speed diminution due to existing buildings in ports are shown. In the first example, the influence of a refinery and associated tanks reduces wind speed in an oil terminal. This allows Panamax tankers to berth in an otherwise exposed pier. In the second example, wind speed reduction in a fluvial terminal located in the same bay of Montevideo, due to some old and new buildings that enclose the terminal is found. This allows big cruise vessels having large air draughts to berth safely even when free atmospheric wind speed would seem to make it difficult or even impossible.

This phenomenological study investigates the lived experiences of Filipino gay seafarers working onboard commercial vessels. Ten (10) self-identified, unmarried Filipino gay men, all professional seafarers were selected through purposive sampling and participated in in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using Hycner’s (1999) Data Explication Process as cited by Groenewald (2004) to capture the essence of their shared experiences. Four core themes emerged: (1) “A Distress Signal: Discrimination and the Burden of Stigma Onboard” – uncovering persistent prejudice, exclusion, and microaggressions onboard; (2) “Shipshape and Bristol Fashion: The Arduous Masculine World of Seafaring” – highlighting the pressure to conform to rigid standards of masculinity within a hypermasculine culture; (3) “Sailing Close to the Wind: Love and Vulnerability in the High Seas” – exploring the complex emotional landscape of romantic attachments and feelings amid taboos; and (4) “Stem the Tide: Professional Excellence Beyond Sexual Identity” – revealing how participants anchored their worth in professional competence, transcending biases tied to sexual orientation. Based on these findings, the study recommends the institutionalization of a Social Diversity Program across the maritime sector. This initiative would be endorsed to the Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) and integrated into the curriculum and training frameworks of Maritime Higher Educational Institutions (MHEIs) in the Philippines. Such a policy aims to foster a safer, more inclusive environment onboard and promote equality for LGBT seafarers aligning with global standards of diversity and human rights in the maritime industry.

Purpose -This study aims to investigate the moderating role of psychological capital (PC) and the mediating role of safety climate (SC) in the relationship between the perception of psychological well-being (PWB) and ethical climate perception (ECP) of yacht crews in commercial yachts. Design/methodology/approach -This study follows a quantitative approach. Data were obtained from a total of 339 yacht crews in T€ urkiye. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 statistics package software. Findings -This study uncovers the role of SC and PC in the causal relationship between the PWB and ECP of yacht crews who are, as tourism and maritime industry employees, expected to exhibit positive organizational attitudes and behaviors. The PWB of yacht crews in the work environment is affected by their SC and PC levels. Research limitations/implications -Although the holistic model of this study is a strong one, there are some limitations. The sample includes only Turkish yacht crews in yacht organizations in T€ urkiye. Yacht crews work periodically under harsh conditions. We acquired the research data from the yacht crews who had experienced the challenging environment; hence, the findings are specific to the crews. Ethical perceptions and standards may differ across cultures; for this reason, future research on employees in different organizations may conclude with different results. The significance of this research lies in the fact that it tests a comprehensive model. Practical implications -This study can guide managers in finding ways to affect the PWB of crews. Ethical and safety climate should be taken into account by yacht organizations to improve the perceptions of yacht crews. The findings show that ECP and SC have a positive effect on the PWB of yacht crews. From this perspective, this study suggests that yacht organizations should involve their crews in their ethical decisions to foster an ECP. Yacht businesses should act consistently in all areas and adopt clear safety and ethical rules and procedures for yacht crews to follow to create a perception of ethical and safety climate. Social implications -This study contends that yacht crews, who face lengthy shifts and professional duties, are a component of the tourism and maritime industries. The findings indicated the necessity for more study on different perspectives related to the factors that impact PWB in the light of the employees. There are relatively scarce data on yacht crews and the relationship between their PWB, SC, ECP and personality constructs such as PC. This research shows that the PWB of yacht crews in stressful and demanding working environments depends on positive ECP and high PC through SC. Originality/value -This study is the first to assess the role of SC and PC in the relationship between the ECP and PWB of yacht crews. It further aims to fill the research gaps and build on the tourism and maritime literature on yacht crews and PWB, and climate within the tourism and maritime context.

This paper explores and analyzes the south Asian maritime network to assess the potential of the Vizhinjam transshipment port in India from a network perspective. Port research has been going through a transitory phase as research topics have moved away from purely geographical and operation to an increasingly interdisciplinary approach. The spatial arrangement of port and port networks have risen to prominence for researchers in the last decade. Although European and East-Asian networks have been extensively discussed, research on the South Asian network structure remain scarce. This study fills the gap by examining the South Asian port network by using the social network analysis (SNA) approach. The weekly liner service schedule of all the members in the three major alliance operating in the South Asian, Middle Eastern and Indian Ocean region was collated and investigated using SNA principles on the Gephi open-source software. On the whole, the south Asian network mimics the global network. The network analysis from a graph theoretical approach posits the scale-free nature of the system and the presence of clusters highlight the small-world characteristics of the network. Furthermore, the Indian port sector was studied, its performance and the current policy inputs discussed. Privatization can be seen to have improved performance owing to more competitiveness due to financial freedom in a dynamic liner market. A feasibility study using sensitivity analysis was also performed considering the estimated capacity of the Vizhinjam transshipment port. Multiple permutation of port linkages based on berth capacity were used to assess the optimum outcome. The analysis highlights the feasibility of the port on both the neutral and positive stance owing to its spatial and physical characteristic as seen by the change in the network structure upon Vizhinjam's introduction in the system. A small-world approach, where by connection to central ports was seen viable but a feeder line bundling configuration along the Indian ocean and Indian east-west coast region was found to be the optimal solution due to its proximity to major routes and deep draft. The conclusion discusses the holistic view of the south Asian network and the benefits of privatization and policy changes on Indian ports, especially Vizhinjam.

This paper explores and analyzes the south Asian maritime network to assess the potential of the Vizhinjam transshipment port in India from a network perspective. Port research has been going through a transitory phase as research topics have moved away from purely geographical and operation to an increasingly interdisciplinary approach. The spatial arrangement of port and port networks have risen to prominence for researchers in the last decade. Although European and East-Asian networks have been extensively discussed, research on the South Asian network structure remain scarce. This study fills the gap by examining the South Asian port network by using the social network analysis (SNA) approach. The weekly liner service schedule of all the members in the three major alliance operating in the South Asian, Middle Eastern and Indian Ocean region was collated and investigated using SNA principles on the Gephi open-source software. On the whole, the south Asian network mimics the global network. The network analysis from a graph theoretical approach posits the scale-free nature of the system and the presence of clusters highlight the small-world characteristics of the network. Furthermore, the Indian port sector was studied, its performance and the current policy inputs discussed. Privatization can be seen to have improved performance owing to more competitiveness due to financial freedom in a dynamic liner market. A feasibility study using sensitivity analysis was also performed considering the estimated capacity of the Vizhinjam transshipment port. Multiple permutation of port linkages based on berth capacity were used to assess the optimum outcome. The analysis highlights the feasibility of the port on both the neutral and positive stance owing to its spatial and physical characteristic as seen by the change in the network structure upon Vizhinjam's introduction in the system. A small-world approach, where by connection to central ports was seen viable but a feeder line bundling configuration along the Indian ocean and Indian east-west coast region was found to be the optimal solution due to its proximity to major routes and deep draft. The conclusion discusses the holistic view of the south Asian network and the benefits of privatization and policy changes on Indian ports, especially Vizhinjam.

This paper describes the studies carried out and the methodology developed to analyze the feasibility of a new solid bulk terminal from an operational point of view. The aim of the study is to analyze the effects of passing ships, selected from traffic data in the area, on moored vessels at the new terminal. The study starts with the determination of the expected passing speed and passing distance to moored vessels in the new terminal of those vessels operating in the nearby berths for different wind conditions (direction and speed) using a fast-time ship manoeuvring software. The results (speed and distance) are used as input data to determine the suction forces and moments generated by the passing vessel on the moored vessels. The dynamic response of the moored vessels under different weather conditions together with lines and fender forces generated by the passing vessels are also simulated by using specific software. In view of all the previous results, different alternatives ar...

the purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of implementation of IFRS 15 "Revenue from Contract with Customer" on the Financial Statement of Telecommunication Company in Indonesia. The paper presents a qualitative analysis in the form of literature and case study in cellular business process in PT XYZ. This research tries to analyze the magnitude of the impact of implementation on revenue measurement, recognition, presentation, and disclosure processes in the telecommunication company and to identify changes required to anticipate the enactment of this standard. The results demonstrate that the implementation of IFRS 15 in PT XYZ will affect not only the revenue recognition and financial reporting preparation processes but will also impact and require changes to the internal control environment, information and technology system, key performance indicators and employee benefit calculation processes, and also investor relations. The implementation of IFRS 15 is not only the responsibility of the Accounting Group, but also requires good coordination and teamwork among related units in PT XYZ in carrying out the necessary changes.

Public and private organizations need a robust approach to prepare, respond, and recover from cyberattacks. This perspective article will refer to such an approach as Cyber First AID-adaptable, integrated, and deliberate. Adaptable describes that one size does not fit all; Integrated means the effort is throughout the organization; and Deliberate describes plans that are reviewed periodically and practiced, in which all members of the organization know their respective roles and responsibilities. The article outlines a decision-making process for how to minimize the impacts of cyber threats, maintain stakeholder and customer confidence, and help organizations to adaptively manage and respond to cyber threats in rapidly changing cyber environments.

The appearance of the propeller hull vortex (PHV) has been investigated using the FINFLO RANS solver. This specific phenomenon occurs when solid surfaces placed in the neighbourhood of the propeller prevent the natural flow contraction resulting from the local flow acceleration. As the propeller blades near the solid surfaces may not obtain enough mass flow from the inlet -i.e., the propeller is starved of water -the flow may reverse locally so that water is sucked from the outlet. The small tip clearance combined with the low advance number as well as the geometry of the solid surfaces may affect the inception of the PHV. Time-dependent computations were carried out at seven advance numbers. During the analysis of the results, several quantities were examined to detect the inception of the PHV. Streamlines were found to be the best technique to trace the vortices from an extremely complex flow field. The flow patterns on the flat plate were compared to published experimental observations using the limiting streamlines along the plate. Flow patterns similar to those discovered in the experiments were also obtained by RANS simulations, so the RANS method is able to predict the occurrence of the PHV at least on a qualitative level.

Ports have a key role in facilitating trade, playing a critical interface between sea and land based transportation. They are essential parts of international supply chain networks. Considering the strategic importance of ports, there is a need to evaluate strategic leadership perspectives of port management in this chain. The purpose of the study is to analyze the strategic leadership perceptions of top managers in Turkish private ports and to evaluate their main motives for giving importance to strategic leadership at port management. The study used a three-round Delphi technique to collect data. A questionnaire was conducted among 12 top managers at nine private ports in Turkey between March and August, 2014. Most of the private ports included in the sample are the members o f TURK LIM (Port Operators Association of Turkey) and their major is containerized cargo. The findings presented here indicate that there is an increasing need for strategic leadership characteristics of top managers of private ports. The findings reveal that it is critical for top managers of Turkish private ports to have strategic leadership qualifications for such reasons as customer loyalty, human resource management and turn over rate, international integration of ports and volatile market conditions in shipping business.

Purpose Call centers generate stress and absenteeism in staff and the literature suggests that people-oriented leadership is the right way of supervision for such a situation. This study compared its effects versus those of other types of leadership. Methodology Absentee data of 379 representatives of customer services of a Peruvian call center were analyzed and the representatives answered a questionnaire about the Framework of Values in Competition and its four types of leadership. Day and night work shifts were compared. Results It was observed that absenteeism declines with people-oriented leadership, although only during the day shift, and the addition of leadership oriented to change, results and control devalues models. Limitations/implications Future studies should cover the performance of the worker. The findings suggest a need to re-focus the theoretical focus on environmental contingencies that affect leadership effectiveness. Originality/value Leadership theorists will a...

The logistics industry after the Covid pandemic has received increasing attention and developed strongly both in the world and in Vietnam. As an emerging market in the logistics sector, Vietnam not only has its own advantages as a later developing market but also has certain limitations due to barriers in terms of incomplete legal conditions, human resources and difficulties in developing logistics infrastructure. This study aims to analyze the current situation and provide implications for solutions to remove the difficulties and obstacles mentioned in the current situation.

The determination of the optimum ship capacity is very important for short and long-term planning of freight management and ship investment. In view of ship operations, maritime transportation depends on the number, size, type and speed of ships in a certain shipping line. For long-term ship-operating situations the ship which has the optimum size can provide the maximum profit. The optimum ship capacity problem can be formulated and solved by the application of inventory management theory to maritime transportation. The optimum ship capacity is determined by minimising the transportation cost objective function. This function depends on the ship capacity variable and has the following parameters: the total amount of cargo transported in unit time between two ports; the distance between two ports; accumulating time; loading and unloading time per ship; investment cost; holding cost per item per unit of time. When the above model is mathematically solved, it is seen that while the optimum ship capacity increases with traffic quantity, transportation distance between two ports, fixed costs and loading and unloading time; it decreases with cost per cargo unit per unit of time. In this paper, using the inventory management theory, an optimum ship capacity model is developed. For long-term planning, it is important for the ship owners to decide the size of the ship they will purchase. In the second part of the paper, assuming that the size of the ship is found in the first part, short-term planning will be discussed, which consists mainly finding the optimum ship load.

In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Merciful, the glorified and exalted, for countless favours and blessings bestowed upon me both apparent and hidden. I am greatly indebted to my mother, Haj. Maryam Shuaibu Kaoje for her continues love and support, and to my father (Alh. Shuaibu M. Kaoje) who could not see this work completed. My best memory to recall is the gift of your presence and advice, to seek for lifelong learning. By Allah, I will continue to find knowledge with discipline, patience and persuasion until I help to the best of my ability. My beloved wife Zainab A. Usman has been a pillar of support, love and understanding is both isolating and invigorating. Without her encouragement, humour, candid insight, the effort would have been nearly impossible to sustain. My adorable children Abdallah, Maryam, Abubakar and Shuaibu (Affan) have endeared patience and affection that inspire me.I am profoundly indebted to all my brothers, sister, and Alh. Aminu Shuaibu Kaoje, you are next to my father, thanks for your mentorship, generosity and encouragement. I owe thanks to Alh. Abdullahi Sani Rogo and his family for their love and care. My deepest gratitude and utmost appreciation to my supervisor Dr Fabio Ballini, for his meticulous scrutiny, insight and scholarly advice that guide me toward the completion of this research successfully. I want to offer special thanks to the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety

Malaysian dry ports should possess sufficient operational infrastructure, professional personnel and capital infrastructure which can be harmonised with container seaports and other components within the container seaport system. In the quantitative phase, the online survey aimed at examining factors influencing dry port operations and how these impact the competitiveness of container seaports. At this stage, hauliers, freight forwarders, shippers, shipping lines, seaport operators and the rail operator have been selected to participate in the survey. The EFA results show seven factors influencing dry port operations: information sharing, service features, capacity, government policy, hinterland conditions, location and administration. The results show that dry port operations have clear impacts on seaport competitiveness. These include enhancing seaport performance, increasing service variations for seaports, improving seaport-hinterland proximity, increasing seaport trade volume and enhancing seaport capacity. The outcomes also reveal that these seven factors affect seaport competitiveness by enhancing seaport performance, increasing service variations for seaports and improving seaport-hinterland proximity. Malaysian dry ports have some opportunities for future developmentfor the purpose of serving container seaport systems. These include the accessibility to international transportation networks and the availability of international and national economic development plans. The strategies for utilising the above opportunities are provided in this thesis, such as developing transport infrastructure, enforcing information sharing between key players, generating teamwork between seaports and dry ports, developing a network among the dry ports, location pooling, developing dry port marketing plans, introduction of safety and security systems in dry port operations, ensuring a balanced development in freight transport and others.

PurposeThe role of clusters in the development and growth of local and national economies has been extensively studied and discussed in global literature. Different methodologies are used for analysing the impact these have in national and regional economies, such as the input–output (IO) and gravity models. This paper aims to detail the methodologies present in the literature and propose a new robust theoretical framework, which facilitates the evaluation and comparison among maritime clusters in terms of attractiveness assisting stakeholders to devise strategies, which will attract companies.Design/methodology/approachAn index is created composed of five key categories, namely, infrastructure, financing, governance, manpower and institution/legislation. For the analysis of the index, multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) is used as a tool to evaluate the importance and performance of the different attributes using both quantitative and qualitative criteria. The methodology has bee...

The Pianc Design guidelines for inalnd waterways contain a generalised approach, based om the review of existing guidelines and the corresponding Concept Design Method, reflecting practice examples in the so called 'Practice approach' and in special cases using field experiments or real-time simulation techniques.

Purpose Increased political measures to protect the marine environment addresses a shipping industry characterised by strained financial resources, excess supply of capacity and consolidation. In addition, 5-15 per cent of industry participants are believed by shipping experts to neglect rules on vessel-source pollution to stay competitive within their industry and vis-à-vis other transport modes. This study aims to identify and quantify cost effects of maritime environmental legislation, to relate these with company characteristics and to investigate the impact of regulatory compliance. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods design was used to develop both a theoretical model of compliance costs effects and to quantify effect sizes. In total, 12 in-depth exploratory expert interviews were conducted and analysed. A theoretical framework emerged, which was evaluated, strengthened and fed with quantitative data from questionnaire data by 120 shipping companies. Partial least squa...

Design considerations for mooring of ships to piers and wharves often include a Working Load Limit (WLL) on mooring lines expressed as a percentage of their Minimum Breaking Load (MBL). Commonly specified limits include 55% MBL for wires, 45% MBL for polyamide or nylon lines, and 50% MBL for other synthetic lines, whose origins can be traced back to British Ship Research Association reports published from 1967 through 1973. Literature research indicates that a recurrent historical adoption of early recommendations on WLLs appears to have been the mechanism through which modern standards have been developed, and it's unclear whether the origin and intended application of these limits have been reexamined as revised versions of older guidelines have been put forward. These limits remain useful and of significant relevance in the industry, to the degree that they are commonplace and provide a safety-factor approach to prevent the overloading of mooring lines. This paper presents the history of the WLLs so that their original purpose can be re-evaluated, maintained, or modified in the development of unified mooring design guidelines that better suit modern engineering practice.

What you measure is what you get" is a favorite aphorism from many management writers. An efficient and effective warehousing that focused in logistics management and supply chain that would bring critical bottom-line role for companies worldwide. World-class warehouse performance referred as how the warehousing applied state-of-the-art tools, metrics and methodologies to increase the effectiveness, accuracy and overall productivity of warehousing operations. A success or failure warehouse not only depends on the ability where they adapt into market requirements but also need focused on the efficiency of the elements in green warehousing management, warehouse layout design, warehouse management system and safety climate. However, in the warehouse performance also interconnected between each other's where the issue can be done in a holistic way by the parallel with new structures and redefining responsibilities boundaries. The present portion of the study is exploring the variables that influence world-class warehouse performance towards PKT Logistics (Penang) Sdn Bhd. A set of the questionnaire has been distributed to the employees of PKT Logistics (Penang) Sdn Bhd. The value of Cronbach's alpha in reliability analysis for overall DV and IV is .946. Through the result get of correlation, the researcher can conclude that there is a significant relationship between world-class warehouse performance and four predictors' variables which are green warehouse management, warehouse layout design, warehouse management system and safety climate. The finding explored was believed to establish more systematic aspect to ensure a better warehouse performance in the world-class level.

What you measure is what you get" is a favorite aphorism from many management writers. An efficient and effective warehousing that focused in logistics management and supply chain that would bring critical bottom-line role for companies worldwide. World-class warehouse performance referred as how the warehousing applied state-of-the-art tools, metrics and methodologies to increase the effectiveness, accuracy and overall productivity of warehousing operations. A success or failure warehouse not only depends on the ability where they adapt into market requirements but also need focused on the efficiency of the elements in green warehousing management, warehouse layout design, warehouse management system and safety climate. However, in the warehouse performance also interconnected between each other's where the issue can be done in a holistic way by the parallel with new structures and redefining responsibilities boundaries. The present portion of the study is exploring the variables that influence world-class warehouse performance towards PKT Logistics (Penang) Sdn Bhd. A set of the questionnaire has been distributed to the employees of PKT Logistics (Penang) Sdn Bhd. The value of Cronbach's alpha in reliability analysis for overall DV and IV is .946. Through the result get of correlation, the researcher can conclude that there is a significant relationship between world-class warehouse performance and four predictors' variables which are green warehouse management, warehouse layout design, warehouse management system and safety climate. The finding explored was believed to establish more systematic aspect to ensure a better warehouse performance in the world-class level.