Memory Effect

In this paper, we perform a systematic multiscale analysis for convection dominated transport equations with a weak diffusion and a highly oscillatory velocity field. The paper primarily focuses on upscaling linear transport equations. But we also discuss briefly how to upscale two-phase miscible flows, in which case the concentration equation is coupled to the pressure equation in a nonlinear fashion. For the problem we consider here, the local Peclet number is of order O(ǫ -m+1 ) with m ∈ [2, ∞] being any integer, where ǫ characterizes the small scale in the heterogeneous media. Due to the presence of the nonlocal memory effect, upscaling a convection dominated transport equation is known to be very difficult. One of the key ideas in deriving a well-posed homogenized equation for the convection dominated transport equation is to introduce a projection operator which projects the fluctuation onto a suitable subspace. This projection operator corresponds to averaging along the streamlines of the flow. In the case of linear convection dominated transport equations, we prove the well-posedness of the homogenized equations and establish rigorous error estimates for our multiscale expansion.

These lecture notes give a basic introduction to the physics of phase transitions under non-equilibrium conditions. The notes start with a general introduction to non-equilibrium statistical mechanics followed by four parts. The first one discusses the universality class of directed percolation, which plays a similar role as the Ising model in equilibrium statistical physics. The second one gives an overview about other universality classes which have been of interest in recent years. The third part extends the scope to models with long-range interactions, including memory effects and so-called Lévy flights. Finally, the fourth part is concerned with deposition-evaporation phenomena leading to wetting transitions out of equilibrium. Contents 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Master equation .

Femtosecond two-pulse degenerate four-wave mixing spectroscopy was applied to study the exciton dephasing in a broad range of excitation intensities and lattice temperatures. We find that both excitonexciton and exciton-phonon scattering have profound effects on the dephasing process. The dominant phonon mode involved in the dephasing is identified as the out-of-plane, transverse optical mode with a frequency of 847 cm À1 . The extracted homogeneous linewidths at all measured temperatures are in excellent agreement with the results of a single-tube photoluminescence experiment.

The deliberate control over the spatial arrangement of nanostructures is the desired goal for many applications as e.g. in data storage, plasmonics or sensor arrays. Here we present a novel method to assist the self-assembly process of magnetic nanoparticles. The method makes use of nanostructured aluminum templates obtained after anodization of aluminum disks and the subsequent growth and removal of the newly formed alumina layer, resulting in a regular honeycomb type array of hexagonally shaped valleys. The iron oxide nanoparticles, 20 nm in diameter, are spin coated onto the nanostructured templates. Depending on the size, each hexagon site can host up to 30 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles form clusters of different arrangements within the valleys, such as collars, chains, and hexagonally closed islands. Ultimately, it is possible to isolate individual nanoparticles. The strengths of magnetic interaction between particles in a cluster is probed using the memory effect known from the coupled state in superspin glass systems.

We report on temperature, time, and voltage dependent resistive hysteresis measurements of BaTiO3-ZnO heterostructures grown on (001) Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition. We observe a diodelike behavior and cycling-voltage dependent hysteresis formation under forward bias. We explain these effects with depletion layer formation between the ZnO and BaTiO3 layers, an additional barrier due to the spontaneous polarization of ZnO and the ferroelectric nature of BaTiO3. The disappearance of the resistive hysteresis above the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition temperature of BaTiO3 conformed that the hysteresis is related to the ferroelectricity of BaTiO3. Time dependent resistance measurements reveal memory effects.

The lithium molybdenum disulfide system as demonstrated in a C size cell, offers performance characteristics for applications where light weight and low volume are important. A gravimetric energy density of 90 watt hours per kilogram can be achieved in a C size cell package. The combination of charge retention capabilities, high energy density and a state of charge indicator in

We present two Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) instruments built at RIVM: the RIVM DOAS and the miniDOAS. Both instruments provide virtually interference-free measurements of NH 3 concentrations in the atmosphere, since they measure over an open path, without suffering from inlet problems or interference problems by ammonium aerosols dissociating on tubes or filters. They measure concentrations up to at least 200 µg m -3 , have a fast response, low maintenance demands, and a high uptime. The RIVM DOAS has a high accuracy of typically 0.15 µg m -3 for ammonia for 5-min averages and over a total light path of 100 m. The miniDOAS has been developed for application in measurement networks such as the Dutch National Air Quality Monitoring Network (LML). Compared to the RIVM DOAS it has a similar accuracy, but is significantly reduced in size, costs, and handling complexity. The RIVM DOAS and miniDOAS results showed excellent agreement (R 2 = 0.996) during a field measurement campaign in Vredepeel, the Netherlands. This measurement site is located in an agricultural area and is characterized by highly variable, but on average high ammonia concentrations in the air. The RIVM-DOAS and miniDOAS results were compared to the results of the AMOR instrument, a continuous-flow wet denuder system, which is currently used in the LML. Averaged over longer time spans of typically a day, the (mini)DOAS and AMOR results agree reasonably well, although an off-set of the AMOR values compared to the (mini)DOAS results exists. On short time scales, the (mini)DOAS shows a faster response and does not show the memory effects due to inlet tubing and transport of absorption fluids encountered by the AMOR. Due to its high accuracy, high uptime, low maintenance and its open path, the (mini)DOAS shows a good potential for flux measurements by using two (or more) systems in a gradient set-up and applying the aerodynamic gradient technique.

Dual converter NO Y analyzers configured to also measure nitric acid were evaluated under laboratory conditions, smog chamber simulations, and during ambient monitoring. Commercial molybdenum metal converters in the NO Y configuration were found to be capable of converting all major NO Y species to NO under laboratory testing conditions. Some converters required higher-temperature set points than received from the manufacturer and several converters did not achieve 95% efficiency at the highest temperature allowed by the manufacturer (380 C). They also exhibited varying degrees of efficiency for oxidizing ammonia to NO depending on previous usage, but not operating temperature. After the field measurement program, the efficiency for converting nitric acid was found to be variable during smog chamber measurements. This was ascribed to degradation of the converter under field measurement conditions. The ambient measurement program showed a significant memory effect that contributed to a positive NO Y measurement bias. The magnitude of this memory effect appeared to be related to the degree of ambient concentrations of pollutants being sampled. Ambient nitric acid measurements determined from the dual converter approach were related to those from a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer although the correlation was not high. The variable converter efficiency for ammonia may lead to negative biases when measuring nitric acid.

The finite duration of the collisions in Fermionic systems as expressed by the retardation time in non-Markovian Levinson-type kinetic equations is discussed in the quasiclassical limit. We separate individual contributions included in the memory effect resulting in (i) off-shell tails of the Wigner distribution, (ii) renormalization of scattering rates and (iii) of the single-particle energy, (iv) collision delay and (v) related non-local corrections to the scattering integral. In this way we transform the Levinson equation into the Landau-Silin equation extended by the non-local corrections known from the theory of dense gases. The derived nonlocal kinetic equation unifies the Landau theory of quasiparticle transport with the classical kinetic theory of dense gases. The space-time symmetry is discussed versus particle-hole symmetry and a solution is proposed which transforms these two exclusive pictures into each other. * Equations derived from the Born-Bogoliubov-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy of reduced densities.

We have studied the anchoring directions imposed on 4-n-octyl-4Ј-cyanobiphenyl ͑8CB͒ smectic-A and nematic phases by a single crystal of molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ). Combining optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction under grazing incidence we have demonstrated the occurrence of a bistable planar anchoring. A previous study of the two-dimensional ͑2D͒ network of adsorbed 8CB molecules under the liquid crystal film allows a direct connection to be made between the interface structure and the anchoring directions, demonstrating that bistability is induced by the presence of two dipolar groups in the skeleton of the 2D network. It is demonstrated that the Landau-de Gennes theory cannot account for the observed anchoring in the nematic phase. The Landau-de Gennes free energy has to be associated with a coupling with both the surface order and the MoS 2 substrate to explain the experimental observations. The hypothesis of a nematic layer under the liquid crystal bulk is postulated in the smectic phase.

We study ultrathin films of 8CB in planar anchoring on a MoS 2 inorganic substrate. We evidence an anchoring breakage for 60-nm-thick films, in favor of the homeotropic anchoring at the air interface. This allows one to determine the 8CB-MoS 2 smectic anchoring energy. We then demonstrate for films thinner than 60 nm that, under the homeotropic bulk, an intermediate film remains in planar anchoring, associated with a melting of the smectic layers close to the substrate. Such a melting could be general for planar or tilted anchorings and we show that, for strong anchorings, the anchoring energy can be driven by the deformations of this intermediate nematic film.

We propose a stochastic process driven by the memory effect with novel distributions which include both exponential and leptokurtic heavy-tailed distributions. A class of the distributions is analytically derived from the continuum limit of the discrete binary process with the renormalized auto-correlation . The moment generating function with a closed form is obtained, thus the cumulants are calculated and shown to be convergent. The other class of the distributions is numerically investigated. The combination of the two stochastic processes of memory with different signs under regime switching mechanism does result in behaviors of power-law decay. Therefore we claim that memory is the alternative origin of heavy-tail.

Stochastic modeling An often used model of non-reactive transport in random velocity fields is based on the advection-dispersion equation for the concentration field c(x, t), ∂tc+V(x)∇c = D∇2c. • constant diffusion coefficient D; • V(x), a stationary velocity field which is a realization of a statistically homogeneous random space function [Matheron and de Marsily, 1980; Misguish et al., 1993]. Issues: the existence of a Gaussian up-scaling: 〈c〉

Physics and chemistry underlie the nature of all the world around us, including human brains. Consequently some suggest that in causal terms, physics is all there is. However, we live in an environment dominated by objects embodying the outcomes of intentional design (buildings, computers, teaspoons). The present day subject of physics has nothing to say about the intentionality resulting in existence of such objects, even though this intentionality is clearly causally effective. This paper examines the claim that the underlying physics uniquely causally determines what happens, even though we cannot predict the outcome. It suggests that what occurs is the contextual emergence of complexity: the higher levels in the hierarchy of complexity have autonomous causal powers, functionally independent of lower level processes. This is possible because top-down causation takes place as well as bottom-up action, with higher level contexts determining the outcome of lower level functioning and even modifying the nature of lower level constituents. Stored information plays a key role, resulting in non-linear dynamics that is non-local in space and time. Brain functioning is causally affected by abstractions such as the value of money and the theory of the laser. These are realised as brain states in individuals, but are not equivalent to them. Consequently physics per se cannot causally determine the outcome of human creativity, rather it creates the possibility space allowing human intelligence to function autonomously. The challenge to physics is to develop a realistic description of causality in truly complex hierarchical structures, with top-down causation and memory effects allowing autonomous higher levels of order to emerge with genuine causal powers.

Background: News regarding violence against children spread in the mass media is enough to make people surprised. Cases of violence against children are still an iceberg phenomenon. This is because most children who are victims of sexual violence are reluctant to report it. In 2016, KPAI recorded 120 cases of violence against children. Then in 2017, there were 116 cases. Children are very vulnerable to threats of sexual violence due to their need of protection from adults. Almost all perpetrators of sexual violence against children are carried out by those closest to them and are usually favored, such as family members, relatives, neighbors, friends of fathers or mothers or peers. Methods: This research is descriptive with a cross sectional approach which aims to determine the profile of cases of sexual violence against children examined in Langsa General Hospital in 2019-2020 which was carried out in Langsa Hospital, Langsa City from August 2021 to October 2021. The population of this study was all data of cases of violence against children examined at the Forensic and Medicolegal Installation of Langsa Hospital in Langsa City in 2019 to 2020 with a sample of all data on cases of sexual violence against children examined at the Forensic and Medicolegal Installation of Langsa General Hospital in 2019 to 2021 using the method of total sampling. The inclusion criteria were data examined at the Forensic and Medicolegal Installation of Langsa General Hospital in Cases of Sexual Violence against Children in Langsa City in 2019 to 2020 which includes gender, education, type of tear, relationship between victim and perpetrator. The exclusion criteria were the Examined Data In the Forensic and Medicolegal Installation of Langsa Hospital in cases of violence against children in Langsa City, in 2019 to 2020 victims of abuse, victims of traffic accidents, victims of death. In this study, the variables studied were: (1). Gender (2). Education (3). Type of tear (4). Relationship between the victim and the perpetrator. Conclusion: Most victims of sexual violence were 88.5% female (23 cases), 65.38% (17 cases) in school category with the type of tear that was 34.8% old tear (8 cases), and the relationship between the victim and the perpetrators in the known category was 88.5% (23 cases).

Response bias is a potentially relevant factor in explaining selective memory effects in depression. It is argued, however, that recent work by Zuroff, Culossy, and Wielgus (1983) does not demonstrate that this potential is in practice actualized. Rather, we conclude that it has not been established that response bias plays any role in the enhancement of negative memory functioning within depression.

We report a rapid and highly sensitive trace analysis of paraquat (PQ) in water using a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based microdroplet sensor. Aqueous samples of PQ, silver nanoparticles, and NaCl as the aggregation agent were introduced into a microfluidic channel and were encapsulated by a continuous oil phase to form a microdroplet. PQ molecules were adsorbed onto particle surfaces in isolated droplets by passing through the winding part of the channel. Memory effects, caused by the precipitation of nanoparticle aggregates on channel walls, were removed because the aqueous droplets were completely isolated by a continuous oil phase. The limit of detection (LOD) of PQ in water, determined by the SERS-based microdroplet sensor, was estimated to be below 2 × 10 -9 M, and this low detection limit was enhanced by one to two orders of magnitude compared to conventional analytical methods.

The purpose of this paper is mofold: first, to illustrate a stand-alone board-level evolvable system (SABLES) and its performunee, and second to illustrate some problems that occur during evolution with real hardware in the loop, or when the intention of the user is not completely reflected in the fitness function. SABLES is part of an effort to achieve integrated evolvable systems. SABLES provides autonomous, fast (tens to hundreds of seconds), on-chip evolution involving about lO0,OOO circuit evaluations. Its main components are a JPL Field Programmable Transistor Array (FPTA) chip used as transistor-level reconfigurable hardware, and a TI DSP that implements the evolutionary algorithm controlling the FPTA reconfiguration. The paper details an example of evolution on SABLES and points out to certain transient and memory effects that affect the stability of solutions obtained reusing the same piece of hardware for rapid testing of individuals during evolution. It also illustrates how specifications not completely reflected in the fitness function, such as the time scales of response for logical circuits, m a y lead to overall unsatisfactory solutions. Both such situations can be handled with appropriate modification of fitness function and additional testing.

The dynamics of MinD proteins have been acknowledged as playing a central role in accurate cell division. In our study, a spot tracking technique (STT) was applied to track motion and quantitatively characterize the dynamic behavior of MinD proteins on the level of particle cluster in Escherichia coli. We focused on the time and spatial distribution of MinD proteins. With the STT technique, the main quantitative results are twofold: (i) dynamic local and global pattern formations and (ii) energy landscape. The overall MinD cluster motion is governed by two dynamical time scales, namely the (slow) trapping time (∼26 s) that appears at the cell poles, and the (fast) switching time (∼1-2 s) which emerges between the cell poles. MinD cluster motion at the polar zones performs subdiffusion. The energy landscape is found to be two wells and one barrier. These energy landscape results are to relate with the memory effect of GFP-MinD cluster motion, measuring the PSD exponent approximately 1.57 (α ∼ 0.57) corresponding to the estimated potential depth U 0 ∼ 1.75kBT .

We demonstrate experimentally, that in residual atmosphere of scanning electron microscope the nano-scale carboncontaining (hydrocarbon) films by snuff effect can be produced. The micropattem of carbon film including axial-symmetric ones is defined by the e-beam raster. The areas of alignment of liquid crystal molecules precisely repeat the micropattem of carbon containing films with micron resolution. Liquid crystal 5CB on CH film demonstrates a breaking anchoring under simultaneous action of the ac voltage and liquid crystal material flow. AFM analysis of CH films obtained by electron beam enables to conclude that there exists the direction which defines the azimutal alignment of liquid crystal molecules on CH surface.

A global heat flux model based on a fractional derivative of plasma pressure is proposed for the heat transport in fusion plasmas. The degree of the fractional derivative of the heat flux, $\alpha$, is defined through the power balance analysis of the steady state. The model was used to obtain the experimental values of $\alpha$ for a large database of the JET Carbon-wall as well as ITER Like-wall plasmas. The findings show that the average fractional degree of the heat flux over the database for electrons is $\alpha \sim 0.8$, suggesting a global scaling between the net heating and the pressure profile in the JET plasmas. The model is expected to provide an accurate and a simple description of heat transport that can be used in transport studies of fusion plasmas.

We present here the dielectric and electro-optical studies of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) doped ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs). It has been observed that the doping of CdTe QDs not only induced a pronounced memory effect but also affected the physical parameters of FLC material (LAHS19). The modifications in the physical parameters and memory effect of LAHS19 are found to depend on the concentration ratio of CdTe QDs. The lower concentration of CdTe QDs (1-3 wt%) enhanced the values of spontaneous polarization and rotational viscosity of LAHS19 material but did not favor the memory effect, whereas a higher concentration of CdTe QDs (>5 wt%) degraded the alignment of LAHS19 material. The doping of ˜5 wt% of CdTe QDs is found to be the most suitable for achieving good memory effect without significantly affecting the material parameters.

7th InternationalAMS Conference gas-filled magnet to separate the isobars spatially. A gain of another two orders of magnitude in iso- bar suppression is expected. The resulting background level will enable first measurements on sam- ples from nuclear reactor material or from beam dumps of high energy accelerators.

We present here the dielectric and electro-optical studies of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) doped ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs). It has been observed that the doping of CdTe QDs not only induced a pronounced memory effect but also affected the physical parameters of FLC material (LAHS19). The modifications in the physical parameters and memory effect of LAHS19 are found to depend on the concentration ratio of CdTe QDs. The lower concentration of CdTe QDs (1-3 wt%) enhanced the values of spontaneous polarization and rotational viscosity of LAHS19 material but did not favor the memory effect, whereas a higher concentration of CdTe QDs (>5 wt%) degraded the alignment of LAHS19 material. The doping of ˜5 wt% of CdTe QDs is found to be the most suitable for achieving good memory effect without significantly affecting the material parameters.

We present here the dielectric and electro-optical studies of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) doped ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs). It has been observed that the doping of CdTe QDs not only induced a pronounced memory effect but also affected the physical parameters of FLC material (LAHS19). The modifications in the physical parameters and memory effect of LAHS19 are found to depend on the concentration ratio of CdTe QDs. The lower concentration of CdTe QDs (1-3 wt%) enhanced the values of spontaneous polarization and rotational viscosity of LAHS19 material but did not favor the memory effect, whereas a higher concentration of CdTe QDs (>5 wt%) degraded the alignment of LAHS19 material. The doping of ˜5 wt% of CdTe QDs is found to be the most suitable for achieving good memory effect without significantly affecting the material parameters.

We study a nonlinear convective-diffusive equation, local in space and time, which has its background in the dynamics of the thickness of a wetting film. The presence of a nonlinear diffusion predicts the existence of fronts as well as shock fronts. Despite the absence of memory effects, solutions in the case of pure nonlinear diffusion exhibit an anomalous subdiffusive scaling. Due to a balance between nonlinear diffusion and convection we, in particular, show that solitary waves appear. For large times they merge into a single solitary wave exhibiting a topological stability. Even though our results concern a specific equation, numerical simulations support the view that anomalous diffusion and the solitary waves disclosed will be general features in such nonlinear convective-diffusive dynamics.

A nonlinear system for the heat diffusion inside a material subject to phase changes is considered. A thermal memory effect is assumed in the heat conduction law; moreover, on account of thermodynamical considerations, a linear growth is allowed for the latent heat density. The resulting problem couples a second order integrodifferential equation, derived from the balance of energy, with a fourth order parabolic inclusion which rules the evolution of an order parameter χ. Homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions guarantee that the space average of χ is conserved in time. Global existence of solutions is proved in a variational setting.

This paper is devoted to study the so-called phase-field model when the classical Fourier law is replaced by the Gurtin-Pipkin constitutive assumption. The resulting system of partial di↵erential equations is investigated in a quite general setting. A hyperbolic equation is coupled with a parabolic variational inequality, the state variables being temperature and non-conserved order parameter. By including initial and boundary conditions, the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions is shown along with regularity results ensuring the global boundedness of both the unknowns.

This paper presents a calibrated measurement technique that enables phase and magnitude measurements of wideband multisines. This study is based on the use of a large-signal network analyzer (LSNA) performing harmonic sub-sampling and a fine frequency grid (20 MHz) comb generator calibrated using a high-frequency 50-GHz equivalent-time sampling scope. This comb generator is used as a harmonic phase reference generator for the calibration of the LSNA. The research reported here is applied to L-band multisine measurements, but it can be extended to higher microwave frequencies. The motivation of this study is to measure the multipactor phenomena effect in output RF multiplexers of satellite payloads.

We present here the dielectric and electro-optical studies of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) doped ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs). It has been observed that the doping of CdTe QDs not only induced a pronounced memory effect but also affected the physical parameters of FLC material (LAHS19). The modifications in the physical parameters and memory effect of LAHS19 are found to depend on the concentration ratio of CdTe QDs. The lower concentration of CdTe QDs (1-3 wt%) enhanced the values of spontaneous polarization and rotational viscosity of LAHS19 material but did not favor the memory effect, whereas a higher concentration of CdTe QDs (>5 wt%) degraded the alignment of LAHS19 material. The doping of ˜5 wt% of CdTe QDs is found to be the most suitable for achieving good memory effect without significantly affecting the material parameters.

Strong electrostatic turbulence in magnetically confined plasmas is characterized by trapping or eddying of test particle trajectories produced by the EuB stochastic drift. Trapping is shown to produce non-standard statistics of trajectories: non-Gaussian distribution, memory effects and quasi-coherence. Two types of effects produced by trapping are analyzed. The first type concerns particle and energy transport and consists in very strong nonlinear modification of the diffusion coefficients. Anomalous diffusion regimes are obtained when the other components of the motion (particle collisions, plasma rotation, the motion along the confining magnetic field) do not destroy trajectory eddying. The second type of effects are evidenced by studying test modes on turbulent plasma. We show that trappyng provides the physical mechanism for the inverse cascade observed in drift turbulence.

We present here the dielectric and electro-optical studies of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) doped ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs). It has been observed that the doping of CdTe QDs not only induced a pronounced memory effect but also affected the physical parameters of FLC material (LAHS19). The modifications in the physical parameters and memory effect of LAHS19 are found to depend on the concentration ratio of CdTe QDs. The lower concentration of CdTe QDs (1-3 wt%) enhanced the values of spontaneous polarization and rotational viscosity of LAHS19 material but did not favor the memory effect, whereas a higher concentration of CdTe QDs (>5 wt%) degraded the alignment of LAHS19 material. The doping of ˜5 wt% of CdTe QDs is found to be the most suitable for achieving good memory effect without significantly affecting the material parameters.

The peptides angiotensin IV and LVV-hemorphin 7 were found to enhance memory in a number of memory tasks and reverse the performance deficits in animals with experimentally induced memory loss. These peptides bound specifically to the enzyme insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), which is proposed to be the site in the brain that mediates the memory effects of these peptides. However, the mechanism of action is still unknown but may involve inhibition of the aminopeptidase activity of IRAP, since both angiotensin IV and LVV-hemorphin 7 are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. IRAP also has another functional domain that is thought to regulate the trafficking of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4, thereby influencing glucose uptake into cells. Although the exact mechanism by which the peptides enhance memory is yet to be elucidated, IRAP still represents a promising target for the development of a new class of cognitive enhancing agents.

ZnAlFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different Zn:Al:Fe ratio were obtained by the co-precipitation method and tested as photocatalysts for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) degradation. High specific surface areas (138–70 m2/g) as well as semiconductor properties (band gap values of 2.59–2.00 eV) were obtained in the samples calcined at 673 K. When calcined samples were put in contact with as solution containing 300 ppm of 2,4-D, the reconstruction of the LDHs (memory effect) and an unexpected high capacity of 2,4-D adsorption were observed. The photodegradation in aqueous phase after saturation of the LDHs with 2,4-D showed that the confined (adsorbed) 2,4-D can be successfully degraded with ZnAlFe LDH photocatalysts.

We present here the dielectric and electro-optical studies of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) doped ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs). It has been observed that the doping of CdTe QDs not only induced a pronounced memory effect but also affected the physical parameters of FLC material (LAHS19). The modifications in the physical parameters and memory effect of LAHS19 are found to depend on the concentration ratio of CdTe QDs. The lower concentration of CdTe QDs (1-3 wt%) enhanced the values of spontaneous polarization and rotational viscosity of LAHS19 material but did not favor the memory effect, whereas a higher concentration of CdTe QDs (>5 wt%) degraded the alignment of LAHS19 material. The doping of ˜5 wt% of CdTe QDs is found to be the most suitable for achieving good memory effect without significantly affecting the material parameters.

We report a memory effect in electroluminescence of Er-doped silicon light emitting diodes: applying a voltage pulse in reverse-bias direction below breakdown we observe 1.54μm emission only, if a forward pulse was issued before. This effect occurs for temperatures T⩽120K in sublimation molecular-beam epitaxy grown structures. This finding opens perspectives for the development of a fully complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible electro-optical converter with a memory function, operating in the 1.5μm telecommunication band. Such an element could find numerous applications in telecommunication and silicon photonics and optoelectronics circuitry.

We present here the dielectric and electro-optical studies of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) doped ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs). It has been observed that the doping of CdTe QDs not only induced a pronounced memory effect but also affected the physical parameters of FLC material (LAHS19). The modifications in the physical parameters and memory effect of LAHS19 are found to depend on the concentration ratio of CdTe QDs. The lower concentration of CdTe QDs (1-3 wt%) enhanced the values of spontaneous polarization and rotational viscosity of LAHS19 material but did not favor the memory effect, whereas a higher concentration of CdTe QDs (>5 wt%) degraded the alignment of LAHS19 material. The doping of ˜5 wt% of CdTe QDs is found to be the most suitable for achieving good memory effect without significantly affecting the material parameters.

We present here the dielectric and electro-optical studies of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) doped ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs). It has been observed that the doping of CdTe QDs not only induced a pronounced memory effect but also affected the physical parameters of FLC material (LAHS19). The modifications in the physical parameters and memory effect of LAHS19 are found to depend on the concentration ratio of CdTe QDs. The lower concentration of CdTe QDs (1-3 wt%) enhanced the values of spontaneous polarization and rotational viscosity of LAHS19 material but did not favor the memory effect, whereas a higher concentration of CdTe QDs (>5 wt%) degraded the alignment of LAHS19 material. The doping of ˜5 wt% of CdTe QDs is found to be the most suitable for achieving good memory effect without significantly affecting the material parameters.

We use a spatially resolved, direct spectroscopic probe for electronic structure with an additional unique sensitivity to chemical compositions to investigate high quality single crystal samples of La 1/4 Pr 3/8 Ca 3/8 MnO 3 , establishing the formation of distinct insulating domains embedded in the metallic host at low temperatures. These domains are found to be at least an order of magnitude larger in size compared to previous estimates and exhibits memory effects on temperature cycling in absence of any perceptible chemical inhomogeneity, suggesting long-range strains as probable origin.

The science of manganites is characterised by a close interplay between charge, spin and lattice degrees of freedom , arising from the similarities in the energy scales associated with each of these. Besides giving rise to spectacular phenomena , such as the colossal magnetoresistance, charge ordering, electronic and magnetic transitions induced by a variety of impulses (composition, temperature, magnetic field and photon field, to name a few), it has been recently realised that phase coexistence plays a very important role in controlling the properties of these materials. It is believed that many of these manganites contain an intricate mixture of different phases, typically a ferromagnetic metallic phase along with an antiferromagnetic insulating phase, at a sub-micron level. These have been probed both structurally using transmission electron microscope (TEM) [4] and magnetically using Lorentz force TEM techniques [5] and magnetic force microscopy . Interestingly enough, there is so far no microscopic investigation that direc tly addresses the issue of metallic or insulating behaviour of these observed textures, though this phenomenon is known as the electronic phase separation, implying an inhomogeneous distribution of electrons in the matrix. It is widely held that the ferromagnetic domains are metallic, while the antiferromagnetic ones are insulating. However, the recent suggestion of the possibility of a ferromagnetic insulating phase opens up further possibilities. The main impediment in

In this paper, we propose a fractional time extension of the Quantum Master Equation. We introduce a Caputo-type fractional derivative in time as an extension of the exponential decay of the Lindblad framework through the incorporation of fractional derivatives into the Lindblad framework. We show that the analytical and numerical results of our analytical and numerical models, demonstrate that fractional dynamics produces long-memory coherence decay naturally and provides an interpretable and flexible model of non-Markovianity.

Ti-Cr-V alloys are known to absorb protium (hydrogen atom) up to H/M = 2. However, the Cr-rich alloys, e.g. Ti-Cr-20 at%V alloys containing more than 56 at%Cr, absorb up to H/M = 1 because of the formation of the mono-protides (mono-hydrides). The appearance region of the mono-dueteride was found to be more Cr-rich compositions than that of the mono-protides. For example, Ti-Cr-20 at%V alloys containing more than 60 at%Cr absorb deuterium up to D/M = 1. Therefore, Ti-56 at%Cr-20 at%V alloy absorbs protium up to H/M = 1, but deuterium up to D/M = 2. As higher protium desorption capacity is achieved by increasing the Cr content in the region of the di-protide, there is some possibility of increasing the protium desorption capacity in Ti-Cr-V alloys using the isotope effects on absorption-desorption properties of the Ti-56 at%Cr-20 at%V alloy. This paper aims to clarify the isotope effects on protium and deuterium absorption properties in the Ti-56 at%Cr-20 at%V alloy. It was found that the memory effect for the absorption plateau pressure appears only once when deuterium was absorbed after desorbing protium, and the memory effect for the absorption capacity appears when protium was absorbed after desorbing deuterium. The protium desorption capacity after deuterium treatment, namely, after desorbing deuterium showed twice as high as that without deuterium treatment in the Ti-56 at%Cr-20 at%V alloy. Increasing protium desorption capacity for deuterium treatment was caused by increasing di-protide formation and decreasing mono-protide formation.

We demonstrate experimentally, that in residual atmosphere of scanning electron microscope the nano-scale carboncontaining (hydrocarbon) films by snuff effect can be produced. The micropattem of carbon film including axial-symmetric ones is defined by the e-beam raster. The areas of alignment of liquid crystal molecules precisely repeat the micropattem of carbon containing films with micron resolution. Liquid crystal 5CB on CH film demonstrates a breaking anchoring under simultaneous action of the ac voltage and liquid crystal material flow. AFM analysis of CH films obtained by electron beam enables to conclude that there exists the direction which defines the azimutal alignment of liquid crystal molecules on CH surface.

En este trabajo se realizo un estudio del efecto del hidrogeno producido en la generacion de hidruros sobre las caracteristicas del plasma en espectroscopia de emision optica con plasma inductivamente acoplado con un sistema dual-generador de hidruros. Las condiciones de excitacion mejoran en comparacion con la nebulizacion estandar. La temperatura de excitacion, la densidad electronica y la relacion Mg (II)/Mg (I) se incrementaron significativamente cuando el sistema fue operado en el modo dual, incluso a muy bajos flujos de reductor. Las magnitudes de estos parametros aumentaron con el incremento del flujo del reductor y la concentracion acida.

We report the architecture and the performances of a memory based on a single field-effect transistor built on paper able to write-erase and read. The device is composed of natural multilayer cellulose fibers that simultaneously act as structural support and gate dielectric; active and passive multicomponent amorphous oxides that work as the channel and gate electrode layers, respectively, complemented by the use of patterned metal layers as source/drain electrodes. The devices exhibit a large counterclockwise hysteresis associated with the memory effect, with a turn-on voltage shift between 1 and −14.5V, on/off ratio and saturation mobilities of about 104 and 40cm2V−1s−1, respectively, and estimated charge retention times above 14000h.