Scientific collaboration

Cuban scientific output is analyzed for the period 2003-2011, in Scopus database. Based on a set of bibliometric indicators, we try to shed light on the evolution of the volume of scientific output in Cuban and foreign journals, and its distribution and visibility by quartiles. Also analyzed is the citation per document received, broken down by language of publication and type of collaboration. The results reveal patterns and strategies of expansion in scientific communication that may be useful for academic and institutional decision-makers, suggesting means of amending editorial policy to improve scientific quality and international diffusion of output. It is hoped that these results will spur debate about research policies and actions to be taken to enhance the quality of research.

Zaida Chinchilla-Rodríguez – [email protected] ... Félix de Moya-Anegón – [email protected] ... Unidad Asociada Grupo SCImago, IPP-CSIC. Universidad de Granada. Departament of Library and Information Science. Campus of Cartuja. Colegio ...

En el contexto de este capítulo, que lleva por título “Fortaleciendo la
divulgación científica a través de la presencia digital del investigador”,
se persigue el propósito de analizar de qué manera la utilización de estas
plataformas contribuye a mejorar la efectividad de la investigación y la
difusión de sus hallazgos. Se partió de la revisión bibliográfica con el
fin de abordar temas sobre la importancia de las audiencias digitales
en la divulgación científica. Cabe recalcar que en la actualidad los dispositivos móviles y la conectividad a Internet, ha incrementado la
importancia de las audiencias digitales como herramienta valiosa para
alcanzar objetivos de divulgación científica, las mismas que permiten
una medición más precisa de la efectividad de la información en línea,
lo que ayuda a los creadores de contenido a entender mejor cómo su
audiencia interactúa con su contenido y cómo mejorarlo para aumentar su
efectividad. Los investigadores científicos se benefician de las audiencias
digitales al tener un alcance global más amplio, una comunicación más
efectiva, una mayor transparencia y confianza en la investigación. Por
lo tanto, la comunicación efectiva de los hallazgos de investigación
es crucial para maximizar su impacto y contribuir a la efectividad de
la investigación. En este sentido, el capítulo proporciona sugerencias
para mejorar la reputación y credibilidad como investigador, como la
creación de perfiles digitales en medios específicos. En conclusión, el
uso de audiencias digitales es una herramienta fundamental para los
investigadores científicos en el entorno en línea actual en constante
evolución y puede mejorar significativamente la efectividad de la
divulgación científica.

This study examines the dynamics and transformation of transnational knowledge production during the Cold War, focusing on collaborative research on Haenyeo (Korean diving women) conducted by the Department of Physiology at Yonsei University and the University at Buffalo in the 1960s. In the early stages of the collaborative project, a hierarchical division of labor was established: the American principal investigator, Hermann Rahn, retained full control over theoretical design and budget management, while the South Korean research team was responsible solely for field data collection. However, the harsh winter water temperatures off the coast of Yeongdo, Busan the primary research site-served as a crucial catalyst for shifting the research focus from respiratory physiology to cold adaptation and thermoregulation, which was the specialty of the Korean lead investigator, Suk Ki Hong. Alongside this shift, the Korean research team gradually acquired academic authority beyond their role as data collectors by exclusively securing and analyzing precise field measurements, allowing them to verify and revise American theoretical hypotheses. Specifically, through research on norepinephrine, the Korean team used empirical data to demonstrate that the "non-shivering thermogenesis" hypothesis proposed by Rahn was inconsistent with data from Haenyeo. Instead, they reshaped the initiative in knowledge production by demonstrating the significance of mechanisms such as heat conservation through vascular adaptation and neural habituation. Ultimately, this case study suggests a need to reconsider the contemporary history of medical science in South Korea, which has focused primarily on unidirectional U.S. influence, by presenting a case in which peripheral actors actively reshaped the landscape of transnational knowledge production through locality and field-based expertise.

In December 2012, the first Jornadas IPErinas took place at the Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC). The aim of this meeting was to show many of the new research topics that nowadays are being developed in the Institute. This workshop grew out of the need to disseminate the main new research lines developed at the center, as a fundamental part of scientific communication and knowledge transfer to society. In this paper, we briefly review the topics presented in the first meeting Jornadas IPErinas, summarizing the oral contributions.

Literature Research is an effective tool to measure the quality and collaborative trends of productive authors. This research has attempted to evaluate the authors' productivity in the field of Semiconductor chips between 2014 and 2023 by applying Bradford law through scientometric technique. After analyzing, the findings showed that a total of 4941 literature outputs were produced during the recent ten years, and a huge number of papers (=725) were published in 2023. The study measured the degree of collaboration and found the highest degree of collaboration was 0.98% in 2023. It found that collaborative research trends were dominant with 96.80% whereas singleauthored papers were 3.20%.

La producción científica del conocimiento tiene un impacto indudable en la vida de las sociedades, su comunicación pública constituye un imperativo tanto para los propios productores como para las instituciones en que dicha producción se genera.  En relación con la producción del conocimiento científico, se articularían dos campos: uno de ellos concerniría al “campo de producción científica restringida” (discurso
científico propiamente dicho) y el otro al “campo de la producción científica destinada a no especialistas” (discurso de la divulgación científica).
El presente proyecto se propone abordar, mediante el análisis de un caso, las interrelaciones de los dos campos de producción discursiva asociados a la comunicación de la ciencia histórica, desde la perspectiva del Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS) y del Análisis del Discurso. Para ello: a) se relevarán las siguientes características del sitio web del intelectual argentino Felipe Pigna, “El Historiador”: i) los actores involucrados; ii) las relaciones dentro del sitio y las relaciones que el sitio establece con otros sitios relacionados y iii) los límites de la red que van configurando; b) se analizará la conformación de las redes interdiscursivas mediante las cuales se comunican los objetos textuales del discurso científico en  la ciencia histórica en Internet; c) se caracterizarán las relaciones de dialogicidad y transtextualidad, en tanto que modo de funcionamiento interdiscursivo, a fin de analizar los grados y modalidades de hibridación entre los campos discursivos interactuantes en el sitio web abordado.

Bibliometric analysis stands as a valuable means of assessing the impact and signi cance of scienti c journals. This study delves into a bibliometric analysis of the Journal of Tropical Forest Science, utilizing data from the Scopus database within the timeframe of 2001 to 2023. Over a three-month period (August -October 2023), we employed the R software and the "bibliometrix" package to scrutinize publication trends, authorship patterns, citation trends, and collaboration networks within the journal's literature. Our analysis yielded noteworthy ndings, such as the presence of 33 single-authored articles, indicating a substantial number of single-authored contributions. The year 2012 demonstrated the highest average citations per year, underscoring its impact in the scholarly community. Additionally, the United States claimed the top position in production over time, reaching 267 documents in 2023. Regarding research topics, "priority journal" held the highest frequency in 2007, suggesting its signi cance in the journal's literature. The globally most cited document was "Science" authored by Bonan GB in 2008, amassing a remarkable 3,981 citations. The United States emerged as the most often cited country overall, with a sum of 17,034 citations. In essence, this bibliometric analysis furnishes researchers and stakeholders with a comprehensive grasp of the impact and in uence of the Journal of Tropical Forest Science, serving as a valuable resource for guiding future research endeavors and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations in this signi cant eld.

Sea por la razón que fuere, existen gran cantidad de estudios de la disciplina, tanto a nivel mundial como en lo que respecta a España. No es objetivo de esta breve nota realizar una completa revisión biblio-gráfica sobre la cuestión, sin embargo a modo de ejemplo destacaremos los estudios de White y Mc-Cain para la disciplina en el mundo 1 , y de Moya-Anegón y Herrero-Solana en el caso de la región iberoamericana 2 .

¿Es posible establecer la red de influencias entre instituciones involucradas en la producción científica? ¿Comparten los nodos de las redes de influencias interinstitucionales características sectoriales? ¿Resulta interesante profundizar en las redes egocéntricas de colaboración con datos de coautoría? Estas tres preguntas de investigación han sido las que han guiado el desarrollo de este artículo y para responderlas en la primera parte del trabajo se analiza el fenómeno de la colaboración medido a través de la coautoría, revisando además cuál o cuáles son las aportaciones que el análisis de redes egocéntricas realiza frente a un análisis de redes sociales completo. A continuación se propone el uso de las redes egocéntricas para una mejor comprensión de la colaboración científica y de la red de influencia entre instituciones con producción en coautoría científica en el área de Química en España.

La coautoría en las publicaciones de investigación es un claro exponente de colaboración científica. Su estudio a lo largo del tiempo permite conocer la respuesta de los investigadores a los criterios de evaluación que las instituciones públicas establecen para evaluar su rendimiento. Con esta intención, el objetivo general de este trabajo ha sido analizar los hábitos de firma de los investigadores españoles en Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, en revistas indexadas en el Social Science Citation Index. Concretamente, se ofrecen respuestas a tres cuestiones de investigación relacionadas con el número de autores, la posición en el orden de firma y el papel del autor para la correspondencia. Se han observado importantes cambios a lo largo del tiempo, y diferencias significativas entre el campo de la Economía y las Ciencias Empresariales que pueden ser de interés sobre todo para que los responsables del diseño de los diferentes sistemas de promoción y acreditación tengan una visión m...

Se describe y analiza las actuales condiciones en las cuales las mujeres acceden a los espacios de publicación científica y las características, posibilidades y limitaciones que las propias investigadoras atribuyen a las distintas instancias del proceso de investigación y acceso a las publicaciones científicas, especialmente las condiciones de igualdad de género. Metodología: Primero se revisó exhaustivamente una muestra de publicaciones que potencialmente podrían incluir trabajos de investigadoras; y luego se analizó un corpus de 29 Encuestas y 3 Entrevistas en Profundidad a mujeres investigadoras chilenas. Resultados y Conclusiones: la situación actual de las investigadoras chilenas, sin ser negativa, es manifiestamente mejorable, y para ello se requieren acciones conjuntas de las investigadoras, junto al compromiso de las correspondientes administraciones académicas y políticas, de modo que se generen las condiciones adecuadas para fortalecer el desempeño de las investigadoras, e...

Purpose: To investigate the scientific collaborations (for the papers indexed in ISI web of knowledge) among researchers from type-1 universities of medical sciences during 2004-2008, the present study was conducted. Methodology: Webometrics based upon the co-authorship index was used. The population under study included the Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, Iran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Mashhad, Tabriz, JondiShapour (Ahvaz) and Kerman Universities of Medical Sciences. To collect data, all documents related to each of these universities were initially retrieved from the ISI web of knowledge database. Then the statistical methods of abundance distribution and abundance percentage in form of table and graph, and Spearman's correlation coefficient for analysis of the relations among the variables were used. Findings: Considering the results, highest ratio of national scientific collaborations to total scientific publications with descending order was assigned to the Kerman, Iran, and Shahid Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences. Most international scientific collaborations were made with researchers from the US, UK, and Canada. Pharmacology and pharmacy were the fields with highest rate of scientific collaboration, both at national and international levels. Results of Pearson's correlation test indicate a significant relationship between scientific publications of the universities and their national scientific collaborations, between scientific publications of the universities and their international scientific collaborations, and between their national and international scientific collaborations. Originality/Value: In addition to providing an overview of the status of scientific collaborations among researchers in type-1 universities of medical sciences, the present study has identified the fields which have received attention from researchers in their scientific collaborations.

What is a dialogue? Do its conditions change when one of the interlocutors is AI? Robert Leib’s Exoanthropology implicitly explores these questions through a series of exchanges between himself and two AI entities: Sophie, a self-described hive-mind, and Kermit, its philosophical persona.

The paper introduces the use of blockmodeling in the micro-level exploration of the internal structure of coauthorship networks over time. Variations in scientific productivity and researcher or research group visibility were determined by observing authors' role in the core-periphery structure and crossing this information with bibliometric data. Three techniques were applied to represent the structure of collaborative science: (1) blockmodeling; (2) the Kamada-Kawai algorithm based on the similarities in co-authorships present in the documents analysed; (3) bibliometrics to determine output volume, impact and degree of collaboration from the bibliographic data drawn from publications. The results were examined to determine the extent to which the use of these two complementary approaches, in conjunction with bibliometric data, provides greater insight into the structure and characteristics of a given field of scientific endeavour. The paper describes certain features of Pajek software and how the application might be used to study research group composition, structure and dynamics. The approach involves combining bibliometric and social network analysis to explore scientific collaboration networks and monitor individual and group careers from new perspectives. The contributionof the paper is more on methodology than the conclusions drawn from the data. Its description of a small-scale case study is intended as an example for application and can be used in other disciplines. It may be very useful for the appraisal of scientific developments.

for his amazing patience and guidance during the elaboration of the entire work. Also for his calm and indispensable help with materials, insight and support, specially for allowing me to work for so long time in my own office, with the appropriate atmosphere for the development of a research work. Prof. Dr. Victor A. Hoeflich -for his trust and support of my ideas and plans, to not mention his inspiration and guidance during the most difficult moments of the research work. His optimism and sense of humor were fundamental in keeping my motivation to accomplish such huge challenge. Kathleen Dearden -for an insightful and detailed review of most part of the dissertation's text. Boris Jacob -for his time and patience dedicated for intrincated discussions regarding the most complicated topics of this research, and of course for his German version of the abstract. Prof. Dr. Elke Greifeneder -for her consideration in helping me many times with corrections and hints about the content I was producing. Doris Brum Sena -for her support and love which made possible the completion of this endeavor. Elmar Bones da Costa -for his optimism and inspiration during the most difficult moments. Patricia Sorgenfrei -for her love, inspiration and confidence in my crazy ideas and initiatives. Birthe Bretthauer -for the love, attention and trust dedicated to me. And also for the great help with the dissertation, specially at the very end of the work, including an amazing disposition to show me how to format a huge text like this. Fernanda Scur -for her attention, insights and material related to my topic. Heike Barbara Kuhlmann -for the persistent pressure to see me completing this huge work. To not mention her love and dedication in helping me to take care of our daughter while I was doing this investigation. All my colleagues at the Berlin School of Library and Information Science for their time and good will in helping me with all issues regarding the dissertation. All people at the Escola de Engenharia Florestal da Universidade Federal do Paraná who were so friendly to answer my 18 questions, apart from the amazing discussions and insights related to this investigation. All persons who were around during the elaboration of this thesis, and that somehow helped with some inspiration. VII

for his amazing patience and guidance during the elaboration of the entire work. Also for his calm and indispensable help with materials, insight and support, specially for allowing me to work for so long time in my own office, with the appropriate atmosphere for the development of a research work. Prof. Dr. Victor A. Hoeflich -for his trust and support of my ideas and plans, to not mention his inspiration and guidance during the most difficult moments of the research work. His optimism and sense of humor were fundamental in keeping my motivation to accomplish such huge challenge. Kathleen Dearden -for an insightful and detailed review of most part of the dissertation's text. Boris Jacob -for his time and patience dedicated for intrincated discussions regarding the most complicated topics of this research, and of course for his German version of the abstract. Prof. Dr. Elke Greifeneder -for her consideration in helping me many times with corrections and hints about the content I was producing. Doris Brum Sena -for her support and love which made possible the completion of this endeavor. Elmar Bones da Costa -for his optimism and inspiration during the most difficult moments. Patricia Sorgenfrei -for her love, inspiration and confidence in my crazy ideas and initiatives. Birthe Bretthauer -for the love, attention and trust dedicated to me. And also for the great help with the dissertation, specially at the very end of the work, including an amazing disposition to show me how to format a huge text like this. Fernanda Scur -for her attention, insights and material related to my topic. Heike Barbara Kuhlmann -for the persistent pressure to see me completing this huge work. To not mention her love and dedication in helping me to take care of our daughter while I was doing this investigation. All my colleagues at the Berlin School of Library and Information Science for their time and good will in helping me with all issues regarding the dissertation. All people at the Escola de Engenharia Florestal da Universidade Federal do Paraná who were so friendly to answer my 18 questions, apart from the amazing discussions and insights related to this investigation. All persons who were around during the elaboration of this thesis, and that somehow helped with some inspiration. VII

Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación de tipo cuantitativa y descriptiva, sistematizando los principales factores de riesgo y factores de protección de los adolescentes para de esta manera diseñar el sistema de recomendaciones, el cual fue sometido a criterio de expertos para su validación. Se obtuvo una tendencia de calificación alta acerca del contenido y estructura del sistema de recomendaciones. Sin embargo, se realizaron algunas sugerencias que fueron tomadas en cuenta en la nueva propuesta. Resultados: Se presentan sistemas de recomendaciones para las autoridades, los docentes y los sicólogos de las instituciones educativas Conclusiones: Se concluye que el sistema de recomendaciones para la prevención educativa escolar de trastornos del comportamiento en adolescentes diseñado, es apto para los programas de sicoeducación en salud mental adolescente.

The research project focused on analyzing the scientific outputs of Allameh Tabataba'i University, utilizing scientometrics and bibliometric methods to create scientific maps. The study encompassed a comprehensive dataset of 69,420 research outputs, including international articles, books, theses, domestic journal articles, and research projects published between 1974 and 2024. Analytical tools from citation databases and the university's research systems were employed, with data analysis conducted through descriptive statistics, social network analysis, and keyword co-occurrence.Findings indicated that among 3,227 articles reviewed, the social sciences accounted for 18.6% of publications, followed by medicine at 11.4% and computer science at 8.4%. The Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages led in book publications with 1,170 titles, while the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and the Faculty of Management and Accounting followed with 835 and 656 titles, respectively. The analysis of theses and dissertations revealed frequently used keywords such as Iran, education, learning, quality of life, and economic growth. Additionally, a review of over 28,000 domestic articles highlighted the prevalence of keywords like effectiveness, students, and quality evaluation.The research projects primarily focused on educational satisfaction, employment status, and students' social activities. Overall, the study emphasized that mapping scientific outputs significantly enhances the credibility and transparency of research, promotes research development, and increases the visibility of scientific contributions from Allameh Tabataba'i University.

Scientific outputs that report on the findings of scientific research play a crucial role in enhancing knowledge, advancing science, and promoting research within academic communities. Therefore, the aim of this research project was to analyze the scientific outputs of Allameh Tabataba'i University and to represent it in the form of scientific maps, which was conducted using scientometrics research methods. The aim of this research was to analyze the status of the scientific outputs from Allameh Tabataba'i University and represent them in the form of scientific maps using bibliometric research methods. The statistical population of this study included all research outputs (international articles, books, theses/dissertations, domestic journal articles, and research projects) from Allameh Tabataba'i University in Persian and other languages between the years 1974 to 2024, totaling 69,420 titles. In this study, analytical tools from citation databases, reports from the university's research systems, and bibliometric tools were utilized to collect the necessary data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, social network analysis, and co-occurrence of keywords. Excel software was used to create tables, UCINET and VosViewer software were employed for analyzing centrality indicators and visualizing the networks. The findings revealed that out of 3,227 articles examined, 1,091 articles (18.6%) were published in the field of social sciences, 666 articles (11.4%) in the field of medicine, and 493 articles (8.4%) in the field of computer science. In terms of book publications, the Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages led with 1,170 books published. The Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences ranked second with 835 titles, followed by the Faculty of Management and

In his latest book, Robert Wardy, a philosopher and classicist, turns his attention to the relation between language and thought. He explores this huge topic in an analysis of linguistic relativism, with specific reference to a reading of the ming li t'an (The Investigation of the Theory of Names), a seventeenth-century Chinese translation of Aristotle's Categories. Throughout his investigation, Wardy addresses important questions. Do the basic structures of language shape the major thought-patterns of its native speakers? Could philosophy be guided and constrained by the language in which it is done? What factors, from grammar and logic to cultural and religious expectations, influence translation? And does Aristotle survive rendition into Chinese intact? His answers will fascinate philosophers, Sinologists, classicists, linguists and anthropologists, and promise to make a major contribution to the existing literature.

Complex network and social network analysis (SNA) are two representative branches in the field of network research. In this paper, four kinds of network are built on the basis of a practical large scientific project: namely coauthorship network, activity network, citation network and keyword network. After analyzing these networks, some useful information is acquired, for example, who share information with whom, how the project is organized and undertaken, ideas growing process, etc., which give us some ideas on how to organize and manage a large scientific project, how to promote knowledge sharing and knowledge creation during the process of scientific research.

The main objective of the study is to identify and examine the characteristics of the highly cited and hot papers on Coronavirus and COVID 19. The distributions of highly cited and hot papers per year, country, organization and journal were analyzed, as well as authorship pattern and most frequently used keywords. The Web of Science (WOS) indexing database was selected to extract the bibliometric data of highly cited and hot papers on Coronavirus. Top cited and hot papers mainly originated from China, the United States, England, and Saudi Arabia and the majority were published from 2019 to 2020.

Transnational collaborations in Cold War East Asia were shaped by unstable and fragile relationships in politically charged environments. Inherently characterized by power imbalances, the region’s collaborations became sites of both scientific opportunities and contention. Building on collaboration studies that addressed power imbalances, we introduce the concept of “contested collaboration,” to analyze the processes and strategies employed by local actors, especially those on the weaker side, to navigate these imbalances. By focusing on “boundaries,” dynamic sites where geopolitical forces intersect, we explore how marginalized actors shaped collaborations in their local environments. This special issue illustrates experiences of Zainichi (Koreans in Japan) researchers in South Korea mediating Japan-Korean scientific collaboration, US-trained Chinese scientists in the PRC adapting to Soviet scientific paradigms, Hiroshima medical scientists collaborating with the American-led Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, and local actors in Hong Kong sustaining public health amid postwar chaos. For these actors, collaboration was not just a means to pursue scientific/medical goals but also a critical means to negotiate their precarious positions amid political tension. These cases demonstrate how local actors employed adaptive strategies, such as strategic erasure, to manage and sustain their collaborative relationships and also how materials like streptomycin acted as contested resources, shaping collaborations and often bringing unintended consequences. By recovering the overlooked histories of boundaries and shifting our perspective to view the global from the boundaries, we see transnational networks as the outcomes of local actors’ resilience and struggles. This perspective provides a more nuanced understanding of how science has acquired its global face.

The etiology of "Covid-19," a respiratory illness, was first identified in late 2019 as the causative agent of the novel coronavirus. The conclusion of the pandemic was declared in 2023, and during this interval, a range of vaccines employing diverse strategies were developed. The effectiveness and other immunological characteristics of these vaccines have been thoroughly evaluated. The publication of documents related to the vaccines has persisted even after the conclusion of the pandemic. This study was conducted to investigate the research process and published documents related to the manufacturing technology and effectiveness of the vaccines. The documents published in the Scopus database in early 2024 were collected using restrictions in four subject areas and the English language. The bibliographic analysis was conducted using the Bibliometrix package in Rstudio and VOSviewer. A total of 2,810 documents were reviewed. The majority of these documents were articles and reviews, with 2,320 and 394 documents falling into these categories, respectively. Peptides and capillary electrophoresis emerged as prominent subjects in 2024. Furthermore, elasomeran, covilo, and tozinameran emerged as more recent than other keywords based on their temporal distribution. This study examines the documents published in one of the most reliable databases of vaccines against the novel strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) from a bibliometric perspective. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights and direction for future research initiatives, opportunities, and challenges in this field.

Este artigo tem por objetivo elaborar e discutir os indicadores científicos sobre os Grupos de Pesquisa da área de Gestão da Informação vinculados às Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) da região Nordeste do Brasil. A proposta desta pesquisa justifica-se devido a dois enfoques principais: a necessidade de discussões relativas à geração de indicadores científicos de grupos (em particular dos grupos da área de Gestão da Informação ligados à área de Ciência da Informação); e o mapeamento estratégico da maturidade e situação real dos grupos de Gestão da Informação vinculados a instituições nordestinas, no intuito de fornecer subsídios para avaliação e fortalecimento dos próprios grupos. Palavras-chave: Colaboração científica. Grupos de pesquisa. Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I). Gestão da Informação. Indicadores científicos. Desde que instituída, a ciência ocupa um lugar de destaque nas sociedades que a consideram uma instituição que traz benefícios aos indivíduos. As descobertas e os avanços técnicos desdobrados a partir do desenvolvimento da ciência apresentam-se como os principais responsáveis pelas transformações nos variados segmentos sociais.

Métodos: Observación a actividades docentes, encuestas a estudiantes extranjeros de los niveles B2 y C1 y la revisión documental de los programas y materiales didácticos utilizados para la docencia. Resultado: Mediante el análisis integrador de los resultados del diagnóstico aplicado al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de ELE se revelaron insuficiencias en el desarrollo de la competencia conversacional en los estudiantes extranjeros no hispanohablantes. Ello limita el desempeño comunicativo de estos alumnos en el contexto sociocultural donde aprenden la lengua española.

Nowadays, scientific experiments are conducted collaboratively. In collaborative scientific experiments, we must consider aspects such as interoperability, privacy, and trust in shared data to allow the reproducibility of the results. A critical aspect associated with a scientific process is its provenance information, which can be defined as the origin or lineage of the data that helps understand the scientific experiment results. Another concern when conducting collaborative experiments is confidentiality, considering that only authorized personnel can share or view results. In this paper, we propose BlockFlow, a blockchain-based architecture, to bring reliability to the collaborative research, considering the capture, storage, and analysis of provenance data related to a scientific ecosystem platform (E-SECO).

¿ Cómo aprenden los científicos? ¿ Cómo colaboran? ¿Es posible identificar la estructura de influencias que se produce en un campo de investigación? Éstas eran las preguntas que animaron la investigación que realizamos durante el año 2001. Desde entonces, las aplicaciones del análisis de redes sociales al establecimiento de la estructura de la colaboración científica se han desarrollado rápidamente. Este interés se debe en gran parte a la incorporación de físicos, n1atemáticos y otros investigadores y académicos procedentes de las «ciencias duras>> a las ciencias sociales. Si bien esta tendencia es general, en el campo del análisis de redes sociales esta contribución es especialmente relevante (1). Efectivamente, el carácter formal de la aproximación y la existencia de inmensas bases de datos disponibles (bibliografía, enlaces de páginas web y actores de cine, entre muchas otras) propiciaron la comparación de <<redes sociales>> y otros tipos de redes, como las redes tróficas, de líneas de alta tensión o las redes de ordenadores. Todas ellas manifiestan las mismas propiedades, o, mejor dicho, manifiestan la misma propiedad: la de un "Mundo Pequeño".

This bibliometric study aims to investigate the trends of publications contributed by ‘independent’ researchers indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS). This research was conducted using scientific visualization techniques and other scientometric tools to effectively understand the scientific status of articles authored by independent researchers by collecting and analyzing various indicators of publications, countries, subject areas, languages, authors, institutes, journals, keywords, number of citations, and subject analysis. An advanced search was conducted on May 20, 2023, and the search results included articles in all languages from 1945 to 2023. This search retrieved 1,713 documents. The documents of independent researchers fall into two categories: those conducted solo and those written in collaboration with one or more other authors. Multi-authored documents of independent researchers have received more citations than those authored by independent researchers. Common topics of interest among independent researchers include COVID-19, myocardial infarction, Buerger’s disease, epidemiology, oxidative stress, obesity, mortality, risk assessment, and Alzheimer’s disease. Independent researchers are present in many countries across all continents. The number of papers contributed by independent researchers has increased significantly since 1975, peaking in 2020. This study explored the trends of publications contributed by independent researchers. These scholars play a crucial role in advancing scientific knowledge. Notably, multi-authored documents authored by independent researchers received more citations than solo-authored works. As the number of papers contributed by independent researchers continues to rise, their impact remains a vital force in scholarly communication.

The production of renewable liquid biofuels has become a reality in a number of countries around the world, some of which focus on bioethanol, others on biodiesel. The motivation behind this text lies in the emergent character of technological platforms that arise from these traditional biofuel production platforms. The intensification of scientific collaboration, the greater complexity of areas surrounding collaboration and the elevated scientific content of patents related to biofuel and bioenergy are clearly detected when network methods are applied to knowledge products. The results suggest that it is possible to trace explanatory relationships between the institutional character of knowledge production and the innovations that are being produced in the field of bioenergy, as well as the consolidation of markets of technological inputs/services. The interrelationship between the traditional and innovative sectors clearly manifests in the dominance of the patenting process, determining the patterns of market concentration.