Terminographic Analysis

The issue of terminographic gaps in specialized discourses has always concerned the researchers and readers alike. However, due to the interlingual nature of such a technical issue, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between translation and terminography seems to be in prospect. For such a reciprocation scheme to come into practical effect, the present study has aimed to conduct a translational-terminographic concerto by putting a specialized English text to the test of Persian translation. This has been done to answer the question if a translator is required to provide for any terminological gap once all attempts at finding the corresponding terminological items have failed. In this pursuit, certain workable criteria for terminographic proposition via translation have been discussed. As such, the practical phase of this study concerns itself with addressing the issue of Persian terminological gaps in a language-related metadiscoursal field and consequently detecting the p...

Language varieties refer to the different forms of language used by various groups of people based on factors such as region, social class, and profession. These variations exist due to historical, cultural, and functional reasons. This document explores the historical background, key definitions, features, and types of language varieties, focusing on Jargon, Slang, Argot, and Style.

These theses are devoted to one of the most important lexicographic issues: that of definitions for lexical units dealt with in different dictionaries. The main problem in our view is to build the relevant and coherent theory of lexicographic definitions. Today we mostly rely on logical theory of definitions. Though it is relevant for our purposes, it meets only partially our particular needs. On the other hand, we have at our disposal many purely linguistic means useful for creating lexicographic defini­ tions. The author tries to construct the theory based mostly on linguistic foundations. The resulting outline may cover most types of definitions for different kinds of dic­ tionaries aimed at quite various audiences. 1. Lexicographic definitions vs. logical ones The latter kind means the definitions of things and phenomena in the real world around us, whereas the former (the topic of our discussion) means the definitions in dictionaries, in lexicography. The contradistinction be­ ...

These theses are devoted to one of the most important lexicographic issues: that of definitions for lexical units dealt with in different dictionaries. The main problem in our view is to build the relevant and coherent theory of lexicographic definitions. Today we mostly rely on logical theory of definitions. Though it is relevant for our purposes, it meets only partially our particular needs. On the other hand, we have at our disposal many purely linguistic means useful for creating lexicographic defini tions. The author tries to construct the theory based mostly on linguistic foundations. The resulting outline may cover most types of definitions for different kinds of dic tionaries aimed at quite various audiences.

With the advent of the Semantic Web and, more recently, of the Linked Data initiative, the need to operationalise lexicographic resources, i.e. to represent them in a computer-readable format, has become increasingly important, as it contributes to pave the way to the ultimate goal of interoperability. Moreover, the collaborative work involving Terminology and ontologies has led to the emergence of new theoretical perspectives, namely to the notion of Ontoterminology, which aims to reconcile Terminology's linguistic and conceptual dimension whilst preserving their core identities. This can be particularly relevant in subject fields such as Medicine, where conceptoriented and ontology-based approaches have become the cornerstone of the most recent (bio)medical terminological resources, and where non-verbal concept representations play a key role. Due to the lack of specialised lexicographic resources in the field of endometriosis, this paper aims to present the MODE project, i.e. the Multimodal Online Dictionary of Endometriosis, a multilingual resource comprising several types of data, namely video articles, a new type of scholarly communication in Medicine. It is believed that introducing a medical lexicographic resource supported by ontoterminological principles and encompassing scientific video articles may constitute a relevant window of opportunity in the research field of Lexicography.

The study deals with principles of creation of terminological dictionaries which represent the organic part of electronic textbooks. It characterizes their importance and advantages in comparison with classical dictionaries. A special attention is devoted to selection of terms as headwords of dictionaries and definitions of notions named by particular terms. It presents also many of typical mistakes, which made authors of such dictionaries.

Purpose: The main aim of this article is to specify the methodological aspects in creating a bilingual Polish-Ukrainian terminological dictionary in the field of management communication. In the case of the mentioned bilingual dictionary, the task is also to emphasize similarities and differences in defining terms, and to introduce a new meaning of the term into the thesaurus of those two languages of neighbouring countries. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the article, the authors used descriptive analysis and are trying to find common conditions that can explain the chosen outcome of the terminological dictionary. Findings: The authors of this dictionary found out that there is a need for systematization and ordering of communication terminology in the field of management. This led to collecting and comparing the publication base of two cultural ethnoses-Polish and Ukrainian-in the field of communication in management and thus creating a mechanism for modifying the terminology for the development of the discipline 'Communication in management'. Practical Implications: The need for introducing this bilingual Polish-Ukrainian dictionary appears with wider expansion of cooperation between the two neighbouring countries. This cooperation is visible nowadays not only in the professional, but also in the academic niche. Originality/Value: The article discusses the creation of the first such bilingual, terminological dictionary in the field of management communication that can be used internationally.

Word groups used in specialist terminology and their presentation in specialized dictionaries are the subject of this paper. It provides an overview of the main aims of technical dictionaries -especially those which deal with automotive vocabulary, their users as well as various approaches to dealing with multiword terms in lexicographical practice. The author discusses how specialized collocations and terminological units are treated in paper and online dictionaries and how they should be. This problem seems to be important for a broad range of dictionary users -not only engineers and technicians, but also common owners of technical facilities who often talk about specialist topics in foreign languages.

Trainee translators and their use of lexicographical and terminographical resources when translating specialised texts can shed light on the close relation between Terminology, Lexicography, Translation and Knowledge Acquisition. Although the definition of users' profiles and their needs has been an habitual concern in Lexicography and Terminology research, there are not many studies dealing with methodological aspects in the design of empirical studies to evaluate lexicographic and terminographical resources. In this context, we designed a questionnaire to evaluate and validate for translation a terminological knowledge base on the environment, called EcoLexicon. The questionnaire was completed on-line by 3rd year students of the Faculty of Translation and Interpreting of the University of Granada (Spain). With this research, we aim at shedding some light on methodological aspects in the design of empirical studies to evaluate general and specialised resources for translating, as well as using the results obtained in the questionnaire to make some improvements to EcoLexicon for translators.

This article is devoted to the description and classification of terminological dictionaries, and includes the principles and methods of compiling terminological dictionaries. In addition, the opinions of many lexicographers have been studied. Also, the current issues in the field of lexicography and their role in the field of lexicography are discussed.

The main aim of this article is to specify the methodological aspects in creating a bilingual Polish-Ukrainian terminological dictionary in the field of management communication. In the case of the mentioned bilingual dictionary, the task is also to emphasize similarities and differences in defining terms, and to introduce a new meaning of the term into the thesaurus of those two languages of neighbouring countries. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the article, the authors used descriptive analysis and are trying to find common conditions that can explain the chosen outcome of the terminological dictionary. Findings: The authors of this dictionary found out that there is a need for systematization and ordering of communication terminology in the field of management. This led to collecting and comparing the publication base of two cultural ethnoses -Polish and Ukrainian-in the field of communication in management and thus creating a mechanism for modifying the terminology for the development of the discipline 'Communication in management'. Practical Implications: The need for introducing this bilingual Polish-Ukrainian dictionary appears with wider expansion of cooperation between the two neighbouring countries. This cooperation is visible nowadays not only in the professional, but also in the academic niche. Originality/Value: The article discusses the creation of the first such bilingual, terminological dictionary in the field of management communication that can be used internationally.

Specialized vocabulary is one of the most important and dynamically developing subsystems of a national language. Due to the continuous development within society, most of the subject fields are characterized by considerable variability and terminological inconsistency. One of the possibilities to contribute to more effective and clearer communication is the collection of terms in the form of specialized glossaries and dictionaries. The elaboration of the dictionary is not an easy task. It requires a precise and detailed plan of individual activities and the cooperation of experts and specialists in the field of linguistics and a subject field in question. The aim of the study is to describe the individual phases of the elaboration of a multilingual specialized dictionary of hippology and to present in more detail the pitfalls of its creation.

In the present text, we discuss the phenomenon of recurrence with a special focus on the issue of its formal, mathematical description. Words as well as linguistic and extralingusitic expressions created by the means of recurrence have been described along with their subject references (denotants), the methods of their construction and record. The restrictions implied on their creation were shown in the classes defined by the areas of language: system, norm and usage. We also analysed their intonation in speech. In the description, a formalism based on the theory of sets was used (set theory, abstraction classes, n-dice theory). The examples came from a corpus of Polish.

The paper proposes a formal classification of approaches to linguistic research. According to the presented calculation, one can engage in linguistic studies in forty-five ways, categorized into main approaches. The place and influence of pragmatics on this classification still seems relatively hazy.

The study of dialogue interpreting, particularly over the phone, has been traditionally undertaken under the scope of public service interpreting. However, telephone interpreting nowadays is becoming popular in other settings, such as in the domain of roadside assistance. The aim of this contribution is to present the initial steps of a research project about telephone interpreting and roadside assistance. The methodology, based on corpus and discourse analysis, is described and preliminary findings are offered, which confirm the existence of a common structure for interpreter-mediated conversations between insurance agents and clients.

This study attempts to characterize terminology unification in the European Union legislation, regarding both content and form. It analyzes terms related to the thematic field of environmental law in four official EU languages: two Slavic (Bulgarian and Polish) and two non-Slavic (Modern Greek and English). Different types of relations between the languages under comparison suggest possible directions for further comparative study. The comparison aims to identify differences and similarities in the componential structure, formal-grammatical structure, word formation structure, form variantivity, origin and formal status. The study may also testify to the presence of linguistic convergence processes in the multilingual European Union.

Word groups used in specialist terminology and their presentation in specialized dictionaries are the subject of this paper. It provides an overview of the main aims of technical dictionaries-especially those which deal with automotive vocabulary, their users as well as various approaches to dealing with multiword terms in lexicographical practice. The author discusses how specialized collocations and terminological units are treated in paper and online dictionaries and how they should be. This problem seems to be important for a broad range of dictionary users-not only engineers and technicians, but also common owners of technical facilities who often talk about specialist topics in foreign languages.

The paper discusses two approaches to compiling lists of labour-law basic terminology (BT): a frequency-based approach and a concept-based one. The purpose of the paper is to compare each of the methods based on two sets of basic terminology selected in accordance with them. Using the first method, terms are selected via an automatic search of keywords and terms and organised according to frequency with the use of Sketch Engine. The second means of term extraction is a concept-based approach in which terms are selected based on the table of contents of the Polish Labour Code, which, for the purposes of the study, is assumed to outline the terminological system of Polish labour law. The results of this research are reviewed from the viewpoint of terms’ frequency, the number of words they consist of, systemic relations between terms in the labour-law terminological system, and potential users and their needs. This has allowed the author to draw a few conclusions as to the characterist...

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной теме лексикографического моделирования двуязычных терминологических словарей. Предметом исследования является модель контрастивного представления терминосистемы лесной пирологии в русском и английском языках. Автор ставит целью раскрыть современное состояние концепции сопоставительно-контрастивного электронного словаря пирологической терминологии России и США, способствующего упорядочению и гармонизации терминов, и представить перспективы ее развития.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют дефиниционный анализ, логико-понятийный анализ, сопоставительно-контрастивный анализ и метод лексикографирования.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор демонстрирует алгоритм эффективной семантизации научных терминов в словаре и передачи накопленного научного опыта с сохранением национальных особенностей терминологии. В качестве задела для создания подобного словаря автор предлагает использовать разработанный им пр...

The paper discusses two approaches to compiling lists of labour-law basic terminology (BT): a frequency-based approach and a concept-based one. The purpose of the paper is to compare each of the methods based on two sets of basic terminology selected in accordance with them. Using the first method, terms are selected via an automatic search of keywords and terms and organised according to frequency with the use of Sketch Engine. The second means of term extraction is a concept-based approach in which terms are selected based on the table of contents of the Polish Labour Code, which, for the purposes of the study, is assumed to outline the terminological system of Polish labour law. The results of this research are reviewed from the viewpoint of terms’ frequency, the number of words they consist of, systemic relations between terms in the labour-law terminological system, and potential users and their needs. This has allowed the author to draw a few conclusions as to the characterist...

Zamysł stworzenia "od podstaw" wielojęzycznego słownika dziedzinowego realizowany był w ramach dwóch projektów badawczych na Politechnice Krakowskiej i zakończył się udostępnieniem słownika w sieci (www.imd.pk.edu.pl). Z uwagi na pionierski charakter przedsięwzięcia, prowadzonego w ramach badań podstawowych, w czasie prac pojawiały się problemy zmuszające do weryfikacji wcześniejszych założeń. Proces ten stanowił ogromnie ważny składnik nabywania doświadczeń, rozpoznawania wyzwań, definiowania możliwego ryzyka oraz wyznaczania ograniczeń, być może niemożliwych do pokonania. W artykule omówiono metodologię przyjętą podczas realizacji zadania, główne problemy oraz sposoby ich rozwiązywania. Celem publikacji jest zaprezentowanie wniosków, które mogą pomóc w formułowaniu dalszych kierunków prac nad wielojęzycznym, słownikiem wielodziedzinowym. Wprowadzenie Prace nad budową terminologicznej bazy danych realizowane były w latach 2007-2010, jako projekt samodzielny (tzw. ARD), a następnie kontynuowane w ramach projektu zespołowego w latach 2012-2015 (tzw. IMD). W drugim etapie zasób terminologiczny tworzony był przez specjalistów różnych dziedzin nauki posiadających odpowiednie kompetencje językowe umożliwiające zestawianie ekwiwalentów terminologii fachowej w dwóch, trzech lub czterech językach. W wyniku prac powstała baza danych obejmująca po około 10 000 terminów w językach polskim, angielskim i niemieckim, a dodatkowo także nieco ponad 4 000 haseł w językach francuskim i włoskim. Zebrano również nazwy binominalne oraz nieużywane już terminy historyczne. Tematycznym punktem wyjścia była konserwacja-restauracja dzieł sztuki, która jako interdyscyplina łączy w sobie nauki humanistyczne (historia sztuki, teoria konserwacji), techniczne (materiałoznawstwo), biologiczne (chemia analityczna, fizyka stosowana) oraz artystyczne (malarstwo, rzeźba, architektura). Taki dobór dyscyplin zapewnił możliwie wszechstronne zweryfikowanie przyjętych założeń badawczych i ujawnił specyfikę terminologii poszczególnych nauk, zmuszając też do weryfikowania przyjętych wstępnie założeń metodologicznych. Dodatkowym, bardzo ważnym założeniem, było gromadzenie przede wszystkim terminów trudnodostępnych, wysokospecjalistycznych, które powodują problemy w definiowaniu czy w znalezieniu ekwiwalentów 1. Zgodnie z przyjętą pragmatyką wyniki prac były na bieżąco publikowane, w artykułach omówiono metodologię, problemy translatorskie, weryfikowano wcześniejsze założenia (m.in. Bogdanowska, Taylor, 2013; Bogdanowska, 2015; Bogdanowska, 2017), nie zabrakło też 1 Wiele dostępnych w sieci glosariuszy zawiera właściwie ten sam zestaw haseł podstawowych, takich jak: farba, werniks czy pozłotnictwo. Ich przydatność dla osób zawodowo związanych z tematem jest niewielka, gdyż terminy te nie wymagają objaśnień, a znalezienie ekwiwalentów nie przysparza problemów.

The paper presents the results of a terminographic analysis into Polish marine dictionaries (hereafter: MDs) published over a period of more than 100 years. The overarching aim is to paint a global picture of Polish marine lexicography, viewing it from a variety of angles. The work may be seen as an important evaluative step in a systematic studies of maritime publications.

Although scholars holding the traditional view on terminology regard non-standard professional vocabulary as an undesirable deviation from the norm, such lexis plays a very important communicative and social role: not only does it augment the flow of specialised information, but it also cements professional community. Undeniably, however, such in-group talk is highly impenetrable for an outsider, including beginner trainees. Therefore, it is sometimes proposed that teaching materials, including LSP textbooks, should present slang or jargon expressions to facilitate natural professional communication. One of the reference works that could answer the needs of neophytes as well as become an important resource for the authors of LSP materials and linguists interested in the informal layer of specialised sociolects is a dictionary of non-standard professional vocabulary. One of themajor  issues that an LSP lexicographer faces is the appropriate selection of the dictionary headwords. This paper offers some considerations regarding informal professional vocabulary and suggests a definition and features of non-standard professional vocabulary units that might prove helpful in lemma selection procedure.

The terminological boom at the turn of the 18th and 19th century gave rise to the development of the modern terminological dictionary. Despite the lack of statehood due to Partitions and resulting persecution at that time, Polish scholars undertook terminological work within existing scholarly institutions, pursuing tasks such as standardisation of Polish terms, and domain-specific terminological dictionaries were deemed effective tools of terminology dissemination. The regaining of independence in 1918 only strengthened the terminological movement in Poland – now with support of the government and new commissions and committees – resulting in release of numerous terminoraphic works. The Second World War abruptly ended the efforts to establish Polish terminologies, and the publishing of specialised dictionaries in Poland. As a matter of fact, terminographic activity was continued, frequently undertaken by various units of the Polish military, with dictionaries usually published abroad. However, the quality of the works was rather low, as measured by terminographic standards, and their availability was limited. This paper aims to summarise Polish terminographic activity during WWII, providing results of quantitative and qualitative analyses of the dictionaries published throughout the period. The results of the studies fill a research gap in wide-ranging diachronic studies of Polish terminography.

While it is true that users reach for a dictionary to learn (about) something, and, therefore, all dictionaries are of educational value, pedagogical dictionaries in the narrow sense play a special role: they are supposed to be reference works for a variety of di- dactic needs of teachers and learners. Specialised pedagogical dictionaries, on their part, hold a special position among terminographic works, in particular on account of their primary function of educating the users so that they could engage in an uninterrupted profes- sional communication, acquire new knowledge and/or ensure flow of non-distorted special- ised information. However, the quality of existing works is still low, one reason being the lack of consistent theory of pedagogical terminography. In this paper an attempt is made to summarise the most important variables that need to be considered in pedagogi- cally-oriented specialised dictionary-making. These variables include: user profile, user situation, user needs and user dictionary situation considered from the perspective of the most saliet dictionary parameters, that is the frequency, the cognitive aspect, the para- digmatic context and the pragmatic framework. Based on the considerations presented in the paper, the author lists a set of dictionary structure elements that could be used to con- struct an optimum specialised pedagogical dictionary.

Wspólny dla danej społeczności język jest najdoskonalszym sposobem porozumiewania się ludzi w jej obrębie. Język występuje w odmianie mówionej (mowa) oraz pisanej (pismo), przy czym nie wszystkie języki mają swoją wersję graficzną. Mowa, czyli zjawisko komunikowania się ludzi za pomocą dźwięków, powstała wtedy, gdy mózg ludzki osiągnął dostateczny stopień rozwoju, by się nią posługiwać i, zdaniem wielu badaczy, wytworzyła się ona ok. 100 tysięcy lat temu, prawdopodobnie we wschodniej Afryce 1 . Homo loquens, czyli człowiek mówiący, był więc Afrykańczykiem, twórcą języka, czyli złożonego systemu o ogromnym potencjale, skomplikowanego, służącego wyrażeniu emocji oraz myśli, a także narzędzia działania. N. Chomski definiuje język jako "nieskończony zbiór zdań zbudowanych ze skończonego zbioru symboli za pomocą skończonego zbioru reguł" 2 , zwracając uwagę na tkwiącą w nim cechę nieskończoności. Wypowiedzi

The paper summarises the achievements of Polish-Ukrainian terminography from the perspective of future joint terminographic projects. It is argued that such endeavours could equally concern theoretical studies, and the specialised dictionary-making. However, according to a study conducted by the author of this paper (details in an upcoming 2016 paper), terminographic projects between Poland and Ukraine are still scarce, despite the overall good and fruitful economic and scientific environment. In conclusion the paper outlines specific areas of cooperation between Poland and Ukraine in the field of terminography.

W artykule przedstawione zostały wyniki badań w zakresie cząstkowej analizy terminograficznej słowników z terminologią astronomiczną. W przedmiotowym badaniu zwraca się uwagę na potrzeby językowe społeczności astronomów w Polsce oraz na strukturę i zawartość narzędzi leksykograficznych, które mogłyby stanowić odpowiedź na takie potrzeby. Proponuje się również konkretne typy słowników specjalistycznych, które w rzeczywisty sposób realizowałyby postulat tworzenia dzieł terminograficznych w pełni dostosowanych do potrzeb odbiorców.

While compiling terminological translation -orientated dictionaries their authors might face with some specific problems. The present article is an attempt to analyze some of bilingual specialized dictionaries, to reveal their strong and weak features from the point of view of terminology and termnography. The author tries to give some practical advice on improving the quality of terminographic work due to the use of existing state standard specifications, international standards, recommendations of the institutions specializing in compiling dictionaries. Moreover a typical problem of every termsystemsynonymity needs some ways of solution as well.

W artykule omówiono zasady konstruowania terminograficznego na różnych etapach pracy słownikarskiej. Na podstawie ogólnej i szczegółowej analizy terminograficznej oraz zasad pracy terminograficznej zaproponowano konstrukty idealnego, optymalnego i maksymalnego słownika terminologicznego. Są one podstawą opracowania parametrów konkretnych slowników, zmiennych z punktu widzenia potrzeb odbiorców, wymogów teoretycznych, typu wiedzy specjalistycznej reprezentowanej przez terminy, dostępność tekstów terminonośnych itd.

Porządkowanie materiału słownikowego jest obecne na każdym etapie pracy terminograficznej i występuje w literaturze przedmiotu pod takimi nazwami, jak: klasyfikacja, ograniczenie, selekcja, szeregowanie, organizacja, kodyfikacja, reglamentacja, standaryzacja, modelowanie czy profilowanie. Procedura porządkowania, przeprowadzona zgodnie z przyjętymi zasadami wyprowadzonymi na gruncie teorii i praktyki terminologii i terminografii, sprawia, że słowniki terminologiczne i inne produkty konstruowania terminograficznego mogą stać sie uniwersalnym narzędziem gromadzenia, weryfikacji, generowania i rozpowszechniania wiedzy specjalistycznej. W artykule wyprowadzono zasady i przedstawiono narzędzia porządkowania, dzięki którym możliwa jest skuteczna praca słownikarza.

The paper presents results of detailed terminographic analysis of the "Glossary of Terminology Used in the Standardization of Geographical Names". The study comprised the three structural levels of the glossary,
that is its macrostructure (analysis of the general concept of the dictionary, i.e. its type, size, intended users, main components (parts), entry arrangement); mediostructure (analysis of the organisation of inner-links between various parts of the dictionary, i.e. system of cross-references between various entries) and microstructure (analysis of the elements comprising a dictionary entry, i.e. structure of entries, appropriateness of definitions, etc.). Revealing a number of faults in the construction of the reference work, the paper constitutes a point of departure for the lexicographic and editorial work of a new (planned) dictionary.

W monografii zaproponowano model analizy terminograficznej jako odpowiedzi na postulowane w literaturze przedmiotu systematyczne badania metaleksykograficzne. Na dalszych stronach podsumowano wyniki badań ponad 600 słowników specjalistycznych z terminologią angielską i polską za lata 1990-2006. Zawarte w publikacji karty terminograficzne zawierające dane metaleksykograficzne przebadanych słowników umożliwiają przegląd materiału badawczego i jego dalsze wykorzystanie w badaniach. Pracę uzupełniają indeksy: dziedzinowy, według typów słowników, oraz wykazy najdłuższych serii wydawniczych. Dzieki nim użytkownik może np. potwierdzić istnienie słownika w ramach konkrtnej dziedziny i odnaleźć jego dane bibliograficzne.

W artykule przedmiotem rozważań jest szeroko pojęta spójność w słowniku terminologicznym. W pierwszej części artykułu udowadnia się – na podstawie przyjętej definicji tekstu specjalistycznego – że słownik terminologiczny należy uznać za specyficzny rodzaj tekstu specjalistycznego. Jedna z omawianych konstytutywnych cech tekstu, a mianowicie jego
spójność, jest punktem wyjścia do rozważań zawartych w drugiej części pracy, dotyczących określenia parametrów spójności słownika terminologicznego. Parametry te  wyprowadzane są na podstawie cech mega-, makro-, medio- i mikrostruktury konkretnych typów dzieł terminograficznych, jak również w kontekście serii terminograficznej. W tym świetle każdy słownik terminologiczny zbudowany zgodnie z zasadami konstruowania terminograficznego jest dziełem spójnym, będąc jednocześnie skutecznym narzędziem szerzenia wiedzy specjalistycznej.

The paper discusses the degree to which the terminological dictionary, considered here a type of specialist text, may become an optimal tool of cognitive and linguistic transfer. It is suggested that various constituents of the macro-, meso-, and microstructure of a terminological dictionary, both explicit and implicit, may reflect, or directly introduce pieces of information of different cognitive and linguistic value, as tailored to the specific needs of various kinds of dictionary users. The paper discusses a selection of such dictionary constituents against the background of parameters of existing English-Polish and Polish-English terminological dictionaries published in Poland, the aim being to assess the current state of Polish terminography in the scope analyzed.

Trainee translators and their use of lexicographical and terminographical resources when translating specialised texts can shed light on the close relation between Terminology, Lexicography, Translation and Knowledge Acquisition. Although the definition of users' profiles and their needs has been an habitual concern in Lexicography and Terminology research, there are not many studies dealing with methodological aspects in the design of empirical studies to evaluate lexicographic and terminographical resources.