humanitarian settings

Background Previous research suggests that child marriage may be accelerated during times of crisis and insecurity as resources are scarce and child marriage may be a survival strategy for girls and their families. In 2017, the Rohingya experienced a mass displacement to Bangladesh in response to escalating violence in Myanmar. This displacement has resulted in an estimated population of nearly 1 million Rohingya living in Cox’s Bazar. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews (n = 48) and focus group discussions (n = 12) with Rohingya male and female adolescents and young adults (14–24 years), and program managers and service providers (n = 24) working in Cox’s Bazar to understand their experience of living or working in the camps, preferences for timing of marriage, and marriage practices in Myanmar and in the camps. We also interviewed Bangladeshis in the host community to complement our understanding of marriage in the camps and its influence in the broader community. Our primary...

The COVID-19 public health emergency unleashed an unparalleled shock on the child welfare system, raising unexpected barriers to delivering services. For teams using a continuous learning method— specifically, a Breakthrough Series Collaborative (BSC)—to engage fathers and paternal relatives in child welfare, the public health emergency also revealed new opportunities. Leveraging elements of the BSC during this time enabled the teams to reconsider how they approach family engagement broadly, including engagement of fathers and paternal relatives.

OBJECTIVE: This qualitative descriptive study was conducted to explore the lived experience of refugee women residing in Gaza Strip following a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: The study design was informed by grounded theory analysis. Twenty women who were recently diagnosed with GDM were recruited from the United Nations Relief and Work Agency (UNRWA) primary health care clinics in the Gaza Strip. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Three themes were identified: lack of awareness, coping with the situation, and maintaining sustainability. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Our findings highlight the positive and negative magnitudes experience among GDM women to sustain a new lifestyle, which may inform the UNRWA health care professionals to focus on the barriers that prevent sustaining a healthy life style after the diagnosis of GDM to prevent diabetes tye II in the future. --

The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), including large vision models (LVMs) and transformers, with advanced quantitative remote sensing is revolution-izing the ways in which we monitor and manage agricultural landscapes and vegetation. As we face unprecedented challenges from climate change, volatile global markets, and a growing population, AI-driven analysis of data from multi-constellation satellite (e.g., Sentinel, Landsat-9, NISAR), aerial, and in situ sensors offers a transformative pathway to enhance global food security and promote sustainable ecosystem management. These intelligent systems provide critical, real-time insights into crop health, photosyn-thetic efficiency, and biomass productivity, enabling a paradigm shift toward precision agriculture and climate-smart resilient practices.
This Special Issue aims to explore the latest advancements in AI, machine learning (ML), and physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and their wide ranging applica-tions in agriculture and vegetation studies. We seek to move beyond traditional mapping toward the quantitative retrieval of biophysical traits. We invite authors to provide sub-missions that showcase innovative methodologies, cutting-edge sensor applications (e.g., Hyperspectral, LiDAR, SAR, and Thermal fusion), and novel modeling approaches that contribute to the digital transformation of agriculture in a new era of geospatial big data and carbon neutrality.
This Special Issue welcomes original research articles, reviews, and technical notes on topics including the following:
• Novel AI/ML and Foundation Model Development: Creation of geospatial foundation models, self-supervised learning, and vision transformers (ViT) for processing multi-temporal remote sensing data.
• Large-Scale Vegetation Mapping and Biodiversity: Application of AI for high-resolution crop type mapping, species identification, and invasive spe-cies detection using PlanetScope, WorldView, and Sentinel-2.
• Quantitative Biophysical and Biochemical Parameter Retrieval: Leveraging AI for the retrieval of Leaf Area Index (LAI), chlorophyll content, nitrogen use ef-ficiency (NUE), sun-induced fluorescence (SIF), and canopy water content.
• Precision Agriculture and Regenerative Farming: AI-driven applications for real-time yield forecasting, soil organic carbon (SOC) estimation, carbon farming, and the detection of disease, pests, and nutrient deficiencies.
• Forestry, Carbon Sequestration and ESG Metrics: Monitoring deforestation (REDD+), forest degradation, and regrowth; estimating above-ground bio-mass (AGB) and carbon stocks for carbon credit verification.
• Urban Ecology and Green Infrastructure: Mapping urban heat island mitiga-tion, quantifying ecosystem services, and monitoring the health of urban veg-etation using high-spatial-resolution (HSR) data.
• Time-Series Analysis and Phenological Change Detection: Advanced meth-ods (e.g., LSTM, RNNs) for analyzing long-term data records to detect pheno-logical shifts, land-use change, and climate-induced disturbances.
• Multi-Sensor Data Fusion and Interoperability: Innovative techniques for the synergy of Optical-SAR fusion (e.g., Sentinel-1/2, NISAR), hyperspectral (PRISMA/EnMAP), LiDAR (GEDI), and UAV-to-satellite cross-scaling.
• Vegetation Stress and Climate Resilience Monitoring: Early detection of drought, heat stress, and anthropogenic pressure using thermal infrared (TIR) and multi-source indicators.
• Cloud Computing and Scalable Big Data Workflows: Development of auto-mated pipelines on Google Earth Engine (GEE), Microsoft Planetary Comput-er, and AWS for planet-scale monitoring.
• Explainable AI (XAI) and Model Interpretability: Research focused on making complex AI models transparent, physically consistent, and trustworthy for scientific and policy applications.
• Generative AI and Synthetic Data Augmentation: Using generative adversari-al networks (GANs) and diffusion models to simulate realistic imagery and labels for training in data-scarce environments.

The Population Council confronts critical health and development issues-from stopping the spread of HIV to improving reproductive health and ensuring that young people lead full and productive lives. Through biomedical, social science, and public health research in 50 countries, we work with our partners to deliver solutions that lead to more effective policies, programs, and technologies that improve lives around the world. Established in 1952 and headquartered in New York, the Council is a nongovernmental, nonprofit organization governed by an international board of trustees.

The Gender Evaluation Study was conducted in ADRA’s EWASAP project areas of Kurmuk and Geissan in Blue Nile State, involving 929 community participants and stakeholders. Using surveys, focus groups, and interviews, the study explored structural, cultural, and relational barriers affecting gender equality, access to resources, and participation in WASH, Protection, SRHR, and GBV-related activities. The project’s human rights training significantly enhanced awareness among government staff and trainers, promoting dialogue on gender equality, peacebuilding, and child rights. Through active engagement, particularly of youth volunteers, the project fostered local advocacy for gender equality and women’s empowerment. Despite previous governmental restrictions, EWASAP’s integrated approach proved highly relevant and effective, building trust between communities and authorities. Participants emphasized their religious commitment to justice while recognizing traditional customs as key barriers to equality. Overall, the project achieved notable progress in gender-sensitive decision-making and initiated transformative community change.

Implementers of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) programs in refugee settings are typically
eager to learn about the extent to which their programs are making a difference in the lives of those
they serve. Basic monitoring information can help address this imperative without unduly burdening
program implementers with time-consuming evaluations.
The Sauti/VOICE project is guiding adaptation
and implementation of evidence-based SGBV
interventions in refugee contexts. These
interventions are implemented by UNHCR
partners in eight countries in the East, Horn,
and Great Lakes Region of Africa—Djibouti,
Ethiopia, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sudan,
Uganda, Tanzania, and Zambia—with technical
assistance from civil society organizations and
representatives from the Africa Regional SGBV
Network, as well as UNHCR country operations.
Although Sauti/VOICE is primarily focused on
integrating tested SGBV interventions into
refugee contexts, monitoring the
implementation of these new interventions is
an important project component. While rigorous evaluations of SGBV interventions are necessary, in
the context of emergencies or other pressing need, such evaluations may not always be possible. It is
possible, however, to develop and establish relatively simple monitoring systems that will provide
necessary and important information.
This program brief documents the process employed by the Sauti/VOICE project to implement simple
monitoring systems that record service progress, reveal issues that need to be resolved, and provide
evidence of how well interventions are working.

Refugee youth disproportionately experience sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and water insecurity, yet their SGBV experiences in the context of water insecurity are understudied. In this qualitative study, we conducted six focus groups (n = 48) and in-depth individual interviews (IDI) (n = 12) with refugee youth aged 16–24, and IDI with refugee elders (n = 8) in Bidi Bidi Refugee Settlement, Uganda. We applied thematic analysis informed by a social contextual framework and found that (1) SGBV is gendered, whereby adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) were targets for violence (symbolic context), and is intertwined with gender norms linked to AGYW's water collection roles (relational context); (2) water scarcity and off-site access to water infrastructure, combined with limited lighting, provide insecure environments that exacerbate AGYW's SGBV risks (material context); (3) participant generated solutions to water insecurity-related SGBV included engaging men and com...

Currently, a significant portion of the Old Boys' generous contributions is channeled into organizing and participating in annual football leagues. While sports play a vital role in holistic development, we must critically assess if this model maximizes our collective impact.
Consider the following:
• Significant Expenditure: A single team, for instance, might contribute UGX 3.5 million for the league, with an additional UGX 1 million requested for the finals. Cumulatively, for the final event alone, contributions could reach UGX 44.9 million.
• Ephemeral Returns: Much of this substantial sum is consumed within a single day on expenses such as referee fees, tent rentals, ball procurement among others.
• The Question of Priority: As responsible Old Boys, we must ask ourselves: Are we truly optimizing our resources for the long-term benefit of our school and its students? When we later lament the lack of funding for essential school needs, are we overlooking our own direct financial allocations?

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on children's mental health worldwide. Existing studies suggest that children with greater levels of hope are more likely to be resilient in the face of disaster. While social support at the family and community level is proposed as an important factor in sustaining and fostering hope, the children of underprivileged households in developing countries tend to lack this support. We investigate whether development projects run by international NGOs are able to fill this gap and help children to remain hopeful during the pandemic. Using original survey data from 834 children in adolescence (aged between 10 and 18) in Kenya and Zambia, we show that children participating in Good Neighbors' child sponsorship programs and community development projects exhibit higher scores on the Children's Hope Scale than do non-participating children. These projects appear to foster hope by providing emotional and informational support.

Background Previous research suggests that child marriage may be accelerated during times of crisis and insecurity as resources are scarce and child marriage may be a survival strategy for girls and their families. In 2017, the Rohingya experienced a mass displacement to Bangladesh in response to escalating violence in Myanmar. This displacement has resulted in an estimated population of nearly 1 million Rohingya living in Cox’s Bazar. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews (n = 48) and focus group discussions (n = 12) with Rohingya male and female adolescents and young adults (14–24 years), and program managers and service providers (n = 24) working in Cox’s Bazar to understand their experience of living or working in the camps, preferences for timing of marriage, and marriage practices in Myanmar and in the camps. We also interviewed Bangladeshis in the host community to complement our understanding of marriage in the camps and its influence in the broader community. Our primary...

Kalangaalo Secondary School Alumni Association (KSSAA) is a collective of former students committed to fostering lifelong connections, supporting our alma mater's development, and creating value for all members. Established to harness the power of our shared educational heritage, the association serves as a bridge between past and present students while contributing to the school's continuous improvement.

The iDARE methodology promotes locally led transformation that produces long-lasting, community-based change. n During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, individuals and communities need to be met with cultural humility and equipped with innovative, participatory tools that enable them to design and achieve meaningful behavior change to improve outcomes. n iDARE was rapidly and sustainably institutionalized in 3 country contexts with different targeted health outcomes, and improvement occurred in all outcomes.

The Journal on Education in Emergencies (JEiE) publishes groundbreaking and outstanding scholarly and practitioner work on education in emergencies (EiE), defined broadly as quality learning opportunities for all ages in situations of crisis, including early childhood development, primary, secondary, non-formal, technical, vocation, higher and adult education.

This article presents critical reflections on a teacher professional development initiative in Kakuma refugee camp and Kalobeyei settlement in Kenya. Drawing on critical development studies, it examines the successes and limitations of efforts to facilitate a community-based participatory process that aims to respond to local refugee teachers' needs while simultaneously developing training materials as a global good. It points to the influences of global-local dynamics, including the practical constraints of distance and time, and the role of partnerships that help or hinder these approaches. It embraces the often excluded personal and professional dimensions that intersect with our work. It further wrestles with the opportunities and limitations of these approaches to address larger structural constraints in which teacher professional development initiatives are embedded and offers considerations for future engagements.

Program. We acknowledge and thank all of the researchers who developed and implemented their studies despite the on-going political problems in the West Bank and Gaza. Their work will contribute greatly to our knowledge of reproductive health topics related to maternal and child health care and family planning (MCH/FP) in the West Bank and Gaza and will provide critical information for the development of future health and population programs. All of the service providers, women and men from the communities who consented to be interviewed and to participate in these studies also deserve special thanks. We also acknowledge and thank the members of the Advisory Committee -Dr. Varsin Aghabekian, Dr. Aysha Al Refae, Dr. Umayia Khammesh, Ms. Najwa Rizqallah and Dr. Musallam Al-Hellow -who were instrumental in reviewing and selecting the top six research proposals that were awarded. Special thanks also go to Moushira Geziri, Merrilyn Pyle and Tawhida Khalil for editing the original final reports for each of the studies. Finally, we acknowledge and thank both the Ministry of Health and our USAID/WB and Gaza colleagues for their support of the Special Studies Program from the onset.

This report sets out the findings of research into the longer-term impact of PKL’s holistic programme on the lives of street girls. The findings will ensure that PKL’s programming is informed by the experiences, challenges and successes of street-connected children, and will enable PKL to identify aspects of the programme that can be scaled up to improve impact. The results will also contribute to a better understanding of best practice in working with street-connected girls. The findings will be disseminated at a national and international level in order to inform policy, practice and academic discourse on working with marginalised and street-connected children. Best practice and methodologies will also be shared with ChildHope’s partners, and by the University of Brighton and ODI in academic and practitioner discourses worldwide.

and Uganda. UNHCR's Community-Based Protection (CBP) Unit invited all country operations to identify noteworthy practices pre-and during COVID-19. To facilitate the identification process, a UNHCR self-rating scale 2 was made available to UNHCR Sector Focal Points, who were in turn asked to circulate the scale and the UNHCR methodology document for collating practices 3 to their operations. Multi-functional teams were recommended as a mechanism for ensuring that the identification of practices was as inclusive as possible, and that Persons of Concern were engaged in the process, along with implementing partners. A UNHCR practice submission template 4 was also recommended as the format for operations to use in writing up and submitting their practices. In order to encourage submissions, these recommendations were not presented as prescriptions. The UNHCR methodology document for collecting practices outlines three categories for classifying practices on the ground, namely, promising practices, emerging practices, and case studies. These categories are defined below. Category Definition Promising Practice A practice that is proven to work well and produce sustainable results and has a protective and/or transformative potential for individuals and/or communities, as demonstrated by reliable results. It can serve as a model to be replicated and scaled up. Emerging Practice A practice that shows early indications of producing positive results to positively transform lives of individuals and/or communities. Case Study A practice, or part of a practice, that adhered, or attempted to adhere (and faced challenges), to defined criteria without requirement for provision of evidence or any judgement as to its results or sustainability. It can provide insights and lessons learned into future programming even when it does not meet certain aspects of criteria. As outlined in the UNHCR methodology document, 'Promising practices are those that meet higher standards and demonstrate evidence, and they will be subject to more scrutiny. Emerging practices are those that show some signs or potential of producing results. … [C]ase studies are more loosely defined as practices that meet basic requirements and show some signs of or have potential for producing results. They may be at different stages within the programming cycle with varying degree or quality of evidence of results. [Emerging practices and case studies] are both worth documenting, as they can inform future programming. ' 5 Two virtual meetings were held with UNHCR Sector Focal Points to clarify the purpose of the compendium, reinforce its importance, and increase country operation submissions.

In humanitarian settings, mental health and psychosocial support services (MHPSS) are often delivered in group-based formats. Group interventions enable providers to reach more individuals when resources and technical expertise are limited. Group-based programs also foster social support, empathy, and collective problem-solving among the participants. To remedy the current lack of tools available to assess the group facilitation competencies of individuals delivering group-based MHPSS, we made it our objective to develop such a tool. Our approach, which focused on adults, complimented a similar initiative underway for children and adolescents. We reviewed MHPSS manuals to identify key group facilitation competencies, which include developing and reviewing group ground rules, facilitating participation among all group members, fostering empathy between members, encouraging collaborative problem-solving, addressing barriers to attendance, time management, and ensuring group confidenti...

In humanitarian settings, mental health and psychosocial support services (MHPSS) are often delivered in group-based formats. Group interventions enable providers to reach more individuals when resources and technical expertise are limited. Group-based programs also foster social support, empathy, and collective problem-solving among the participants. To remedy the current lack of tools available to assess the group facilitation competencies of individuals delivering group-based MHPSS, we made it our objective to develop such a tool. Our approach, which focused on adults, complimented a similar initiative underway for children and adolescents. We reviewed MHPSS manuals to identify key group facilitation competencies, which include developing and reviewing group ground rules, facilitating participation among all group members, fostering empathy between members, encouraging collaborative problem-solving, addressing barriers to attendance, time management, and ensuring group confidenti...

Refugee Law Initiative The RLI is the only academic centre in the United Kingdom to concentrate specifically on international refugee law. As a national focal point for leading and promoting research in this field, the RLI works to integrate the shared interests of refugee law scholars and practitioners, stimulate collaboration between academics and nonacademics, and achieve policy impact at the national and international level. Save the Children Save the Children is a global movement and has a presence in 117 countries, which includes Country Programmes, such as Save the Children in Bangladesh. Save the Children International is a separate body with its own unique roles and activities. Throughout this report, unless specified, 'Save the Children' refers to Save the Children in Bangladesh. The RECAP Project-RECAP: Research capacity strengthening and knowledge generation to support preparedness and response to humanitarian crises and epidemics RECAP is a four-year research project focusing on the health and protection sectors in humanitarian response. It conducts research and strengthens research capacity to help improve decision-making and accountability in response to humanitarian crises. It is a partnership between universities in the United Kingdom, Sierra Leone and Lebanon, along with leading humanitarian NGOs including Save the Children. RECAP is funded by the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF). The Global Challenges Research Fund GCRF is a £1.5 billion fund announced by the United Kingdom Government in late 2015 to support cutting-edge research that addresses the challenges faced by developing countries.

Background: Handwashing with soap is critical for the prevention of diarrhoeal diseases and outbreak related diseases, including interrupting the transmission of COVID-19. People living in large displacement settings are particularly vulnerable to such outbreaks, however, practicing handwashing is typically challenging in these contexts. Methods: We conducted a qualitative assessment of the implementation of a combined intervention to facilitate handwashing behaviour in displacement camps and in surrounding communities in Bangladesh, Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of Congo during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention comprised a 'hardware' infrastructural component (provision of the Oxfam Handwashing Station) and a 'software' hygiene promotion package (Mum's Magic Hands). We used programmatic logbooks, interviews with implementation staff and focus group discussions with crisis-affected populations to assess the use, feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Results: Both components of the intervention were viewed as novel and appealing by implementing staff and crisis-affected populations across the study sites. The acceptability of the handwashing station could be improved by redesigning the tap and legs, exploring local supply chain options, and by providing a greater number of facilities. The implementation of the hygiene promotion package varied substantially by country making it challenging to evaluate and compare. A greater focus on community engagement could address misconceptions, barriers related to the intuitiveness of the handwashing station design, and willingness to participate in the hygiene promotion component. Conclusions: The combination of a 'hardware' and 'software' intervention in these settings appeared to facilitate both access and use of handwashing facilities. The acceptability of the combined intervention was partially because a great deal of effort had been put into their design. However, even when delivering well-designed interventions, there

Background Previous research suggests that child marriage may be accelerated during times of crisis and insecurity as resources are scarce and child marriage may be a survival strategy for girls and their families. In 2017, the Rohingya experienced a mass displacement to Bangladesh in response to escalating violence in Myanmar. This displacement has resulted in an estimated population of nearly 1 million Rohingya living in Cox’s Bazar. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews (n = 48) and focus group discussions (n = 12) with Rohingya male and female adolescents and young adults (14–24 years), and program managers and service providers (n = 24) working in Cox’s Bazar to understand their experience of living or working in the camps, preferences for timing of marriage, and marriage practices in Myanmar and in the camps. We also interviewed Bangladeshis in the host community to complement our understanding of marriage in the camps and its influence in the broader community. Our primary...

e study aimed at investigating facilitators' engagement in advocacy towards inclusion of adults with disabilities in the literacy training program in the Gedeo Zone, Ethiopia. A mixed-methods approach with the explanatory sequential design was employed. e study involved a sample of 214 facilitators by using stratifying random sampling technique. A Likert-type scale questionnaire was administered to the facilitators with a response rate of 98.6% (N � 211). In addition, a total of 13 respondents (3 principals, 3 supervisors, 3 adults with disabilities, and 4 experts) were selected purposively for interview based on their active participation in the program. e quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, while the qualitative data were analyzed using narrative analysis. e results from both the quantitative and qualitative strands revealed that facilitators are engaged in advocacy services by providing awareness-raising training to speak up about them, by sensitizing the community, by working collaboratively with the colleagues and the local government to make the training environment accessible to all adults. Pearson's correlation coefficient for providing an awareness-raising training (r (211) � 0.683 * * , p < 0.01), working collaboratively with colleagues (r (211) � 0.754 * * , p < 0.01), working collaboratively with the local governments (r (211) � 0.766 * * , p < 0.01), and participating in the community sensitization programs (r (211) 0.821 * * , p < 0.01) showed that the items are statistically significant and positively correlated.

Background: Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) remains a silent epidemic in many humanitarian settings with many survivors concealing their experiences. Attitudes towards help-seeking for SGBV is an important determinant of SGBV service use. This paper examined the association between attitudes towards seeking care and knowledge and perceptions about SGBV among men and women in a humanitarian setting in Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to June 2015 among 601 heads of refugee households (261 females and 340 males) in Rwamwanja Refugees Settlement Scheme, South West Uganda. Analysis entails crosstabulation with chi-square test and estimation of a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Results showed increased odds of having a favorable attitude toward seeking help for SGBV among women with progressive attitudes towards SGBV (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.56-4.95); who felt that SBGV was not tolerated in the community (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.03-4.00); those who had not experienced violence (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.06-4.07); and those who were aware of the timing for post-exposure prophylaxis (OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.57-6.04). In contrast, results for men sample showed lack of variations in attitude toward seeking help for SGBV for all independent variables except timing for PEP (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.30-5.10). Among individuals who had experienced SGBV, the odds of seeking help was more likely among those with favorable attitude towards seeking help (OR = 4.22, 95% CI: 1.47-12.06) than among those with unfavorable help-seeking attitudes. Conclusion: The findings of the paper suggest that targeted interventions aimed at promoting awareness and progressive attitudes towards SGBV are likely to encourage positive help-seeking attitudes and behaviors in humanitarian contexts.

In humanitarian settings, mental health and psychosocial support services (MHPSS) are often delivered in group-based formats. Group interventions enable providers to reach more individuals when resources and technical expertise are limited. Group-based programs also foster social support, empathy, and collective problem-solving among the participants. To remedy the current lack of tools available to assess the group facilitation competencies of individuals delivering group-based MHPSS, we made it our objective to develop such a tool. Our approach, which focused on adults, complimented a similar initiative underway for children and adolescents. We reviewed MHPSS manuals to identify key group facilitation competencies, which include developing and reviewing group ground rules, facilitating participation among all group members, fostering empathy between members, encouraging collaborative problem-solving, addressing barriers to attendance, time management, and ensuring group confidenti...

The majority of refugees around the world are in protracted refugee situations, living in exile for at least five years with no sign of a durable solution. There are three possible durable solutions: repatriation, local integration, and resettlement. Repatriation remains the main durable solution, but the circumstances should be conducive for return to the country of origin. In the meantime, local integration gives refugees some certainty about what to do with their lives. Local integration is a process with three interrelated dimensions: legal, economic, and social. This report examines the level and extent of local integration of refugees in terms of economic inclusion. A literature review was carried out to generate evidence on what works best for refugees’ local economic integration in protracted refugee situations. The review utilized published and grey literature, identified through a systematic search and screening process. This report highlights the ways in which national po...

Âge, genre et diversité APE Association des parents d'élèves ARRA Administration pour les réfugiés et les rapatriés CNR Conseil norvégien pour les réfugiés CREC Communication des risques et engagement communautaire FLM Fédération luthérienne mondiale MEARL Suivi, évaluation, responsabilisation, recherche et apprentissage MINEMA Ministère en charge de la gestion des urgences SCI Save the Children International SMSPS Santé mentale et soutien psychosocial UNFPA Fonds des Nations Unies pour la population VPI Violence physique exercée par le partenaire intime WASH Eau, hygiène et assainissement