A. Ginati

Advanced fire observation by the Intelligent Infrared Sensor prototype FOCUS on the International Space Station

AIP Conference Proceedings, 1999

Current and planned operational space-borne Earth observation systems provide spatially, radiomet... more Current and planned operational space-borne Earth observation systems provide spatially, radiometrically or temporally crude data for the detection and monitoring of high temperature phenomena on the surface of our planet. High Temperature Events (HTE) very often cause environmental disasters. Such HTE are forest and savannah fires, fires of open coal mines, volcanic activities and others (e.g. fires of oil wells,

FIRES - A Small Satellite Mission for Fire Detection

by K. Brieß and A. Ginati

ABSTRACT

David the small satellite for dedicated remote sensing purposes

by A. Ginati and B. Lubke-Ossenbeck

Space Technology

Avian information systems for aviaton flight safety

Studies in Mycology, 2007

Advanced Fire Observation System (FOS) by Intelligent Infrared Sensors

Current and planned operational space-borne Earth observation systems provide spatially, radiomet... more Current and planned operational space-borne Earth observation systems provide spatially, radiometrically or temporally crude data for the detection and monitoring of high temperature phenomena on the surface of our planet. High Temperature Events (HTE) are forest and savannah fires, fires of open coal mines, volcanic activities and others. A simultaneous co-registration of a combination of infrared (IR) and visible (VIS) channels is the key for a reliable autonomous on-board detection of High Temperature Events (HTE) on Earth surface. Furthermore there are ecology-oriented objectives mainly related to the sophisticated data fusion of spectrometric & imaging remote inspection and parameter extraction of selected HTEs, and to the assessment of ecological consequences of HTEs, such as aerosol and gas emission. For local studies of selected hot spots, high resolution and the possibility to steer the sensor towards the potential high temperature event for close inspection are necessary. ...

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FOCUS on the International Space Station - Advanced Technology Demonstrator for Fire Recognition Satellite Systems

Two dedicated spaceborne Fire Missions

After the extended fire and smoke-haze episode of 1997-98 in South East Asia and other regions of... more After the extended fire and smoke-haze episode of 1997-98 in South East Asia and other regions of the world a series of international activities were initiated to address national and international problems arising from fire and smoke pollution. Most prominently the UN Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), the World Health Organisation (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), and the World Bank strongly recommended further development and improvement of spaceborne sensors to provide information on vegetation fire occurrence and impacts, on early warning and monitoring of fire, prediction of smoke pollution and health effects, etc. There are serious limitations of existing meteorologi- cal satellite sensors used so far for the fire product gen- eration (e.g. partly channel saturation with insufficient high temperature event discrimination, spatial resolu- tion less than 1 km) if accurate geophysical parameters have to be obtained.

format_quoteCurrent meteorological satellite sensors have limitations; DLR is developing BIRD and FOCUS missions to address fire detection challenges.format_quote

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Aviation information systems for aviation flight safety

FlySafe: an early warning system to reduce risk of bird strikes

by A. Ginati and W. Bouten

The risk of 'bird strikes' is a serious problem in aviation flight safety. Tackling this urgent i... more

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A small remote sensing satellite- DAVID

by A. Ginati and P. Volk

Performance limitation of laser satellite communication due to vibrations and atmospheric turbulence: down-link scenario

International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, 2003

In this paper, we analyse the effects of vibrations and the atmosphere on the performance of a br... more In this paper, we analyse the effects of vibrations and the atmosphere on the performance of a broadband laser inter-satellite link (BLISL) which was studied within the framework of the BLISL joint Israeli-German applied research project. The use of optical radiation as a carrier between satellites and in satelliteto-ground links enables transmission using very narrow beam divergence angles. Due to the narrow beam divergence angle and the large distance between the satellite and the ground station or airplane the pointing is a complicated process. Further complication results from vibration of the pointing system caused by two fundamental mechanisms of a stochastic nature: (1) tracking noise created by the electro-optic tracker and (2) vibrations caused by internal satellite mechanical mechanisms. Additionally an inhomogeneity in the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere leads to variations of the refractive index along the transmission path. These variations of refractive index as well as pointing vibrations can cause fluctuations in the intensity and the phase of the received signal leading to an increase in link error probability. In this paper, we develop a bit error probability (BEP) model that takes into account both pointing vibrations and turbulence-induced log amplitude fluctuations (i.e. signal intensity fading) in a regime in which the receiver aperture D 0 is smaller than the turbulence coherence diameter d 0 : Our results indicate that BLISL can achieve a BEP of 10 À9 and data rate of 1Gbps with normalized pointing vibration of G T * s 2 y ¼ 0:05 and turbulence of s X ¼ 0:3: micro-satellites in LEO/MEO and space-to-ground constellations. Microsatellite constellations in LEO/MEO orbits can inter-communicate and communicate with the ground station or with airplane borne receivers using laser beams as the carrier ). The onboard laser communication equipment takes the form of a terminal including an optical transmitter and a receiver. The main advantages of optical wireless communication are (a) it enables very high data rates; and (b) it is small, light and compact (c) there are no licensing requirements or tariffs for its use. However, vibrations caused by beam pointing jitter and internal satellite mechanical sources decrease the average received signal, which, in turn, increases the bit error probability. An inhomogeneity in the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere in the space to ground scenario leads to variations of the refractive index along the transmission paths. These variations can cause fluctuations in both the intensity and the phase of the received signal, which leads to a further increase in the link error probability. In some cases, very strong turbulence

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A narrowband CDMA communications payload for little LEOS applications

by A. Ginati and H. Michalik

Acta Astronautica, 1996

In recent years Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) techniques have been investigated for applic... more In recent years Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) techniques have been investigated for application in Local Area Networks [J. A. Salehi, IEEE Trans. Commun. 37 (1989)]as well as in Mobile Communications [R. Kohno et al., IEEE Commun. Mag. Jan (1995)]. The main attraction of these techniques is due to potential higher throughput and capacity of such systems under certain conditions

A small satellite solution for the fire detection and monitoring from space

Acta Astronautica, 1996

... 40km 30 min solar time 450 K. Brie et al. Table 2. Preliminary orbit parameters Parameter Orb... more

IRIS: Going commercial with high-tech European LEO microsatellites

Acta Astronautica, 1995

IRIS is a low-cost commercial messaging service project based on LEO microsatellites. Despite the... more

Autonomous Spaceborne Fire Detection

by K. Brieß, C. Tobehn, and A. Ginati

Current space-borne sensor systems can be used to generate products of fire susceptibility using ... more Current space-borne sensor systems can be used to generate products of fire susceptibility using time-se- ries of vegetation state, the occurrence and rough lo- cation of active fires using middle and thermal infra- red sensors and smoke and area burned using visible, near and middle infrared sensors. The existing and planned operational space-borne sen- sors are not developed for hot event recognition and show serious limitations if geophysical parameters has to be obtained, (partly channel saturation, spatial reso- lution > 1 km). Over the last five years there have been a remarkable number of initiatives in Europe and in the United States to develop dedicated satellite systems for fire detec- tion and monitoring.

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