Iron Age in India Some More Thoughts, Editors Abhayan G.S., Rajesh S.V., and Preeta Nayar, Department of Archaeology, University of Kerala Thiruvananthapuram 2021, 2021
In the Indian Subcontinent, the tradition of using iron
is well established, as indicated by the ... more In the Indian Subcontinent, the tradition of using iron
is well established, as indicated by the large number of metal
objects unearthed from different cultures. Archaeological
investigations, especially at Atranjikhera, have amply shown
that iron, in its technological and economic aspects, has come
into use some time by the end of the second millennium BCE.
The current research aims to understand the iron technology
from two different regions (Karnataka) and (Gujarat) through
the lens of current ethno-technological approaches to gain fresh
insights, especially given that ironworking traditions are
vanishing into the sunset. This research explores several aspects
concerning iron technology along with micro-level observation
of past and present practices. Comparative analyses of the
construction of furnaces, building structure of the workshop
location, tools such as chisel, axe, blade and so on as well as the
socio-cultural aspects concerning the family involvement,
mobility, migration, current status in society and decline of iron
technology in the study area were undertaken. This comparative
study is a helpful tool to gain more insights into the
anthropology and ethnoarchaeology of ironworking, including
aspects such as the migration of ethnic practices.
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Papers by Udaya kumar
in the experiment of the iron smelting process. In the process of iron smelting,
furnaces are broken, and the tuyeres are removed to recover the bloom. New
furnaces may then be constructed either on the same spot as the previous one
or adjacent to it. In the context of archaeological sites, several overlapping
sequences of furnaces may be interpreted in diverse ways, e.g. successive cultural
phases, different phases of occupation, etc. Here, we examine this question by
looking at the process of furnace construction and destruction in ethnographic
and experimental studies. This is then contrasted with the furnace distribution
pattern at the early historic site of Iswal and Nathara-ki-Pal, Rajasthan. The
study revolves around the number of furnaces and correlation with each other in
terms of spatial distribution and furnaces versus demography. It also probes into
the relationship of furnaces to tuyeres and the importance of the latter in terms
of use/reuse
that seeks to understand past human behaviour and culture by
reproducing and testing ancient technology, tools, and
procedures. It entails putting historical theories to the test using
scientific principles and carefully monitored experiments.
Building replica bone tools and experimenting with various
approaches can reveal information about how bone tools were
manufactured in the past. This can aid in understanding the
ability and knowledge required to create various types of bone
tools. The present paper is an attempt to recreate some of the
bone tools, such as points and knives, which we generally
encounter in archaeological excavations. The methodologies
used for the creation of these tools have been described in
detail. The aim was not to replicate a particular archaeological
time span of bone tool making, but to understand the methods
and techniques of some of the bone tools.
is well established, as indicated by the large number of metal
objects unearthed from different cultures. Archaeological
investigations, especially at Atranjikhera, have amply shown
that iron, in its technological and economic aspects, has come
into use some time by the end of the second millennium BCE.
The current research aims to understand the iron technology
from two different regions (Karnataka) and (Gujarat) through
the lens of current ethno-technological approaches to gain fresh
insights, especially given that ironworking traditions are
vanishing into the sunset. This research explores several aspects
concerning iron technology along with micro-level observation
of past and present practices. Comparative analyses of the
construction of furnaces, building structure of the workshop
location, tools such as chisel, axe, blade and so on as well as the
socio-cultural aspects concerning the family involvement,
mobility, migration, current status in society and decline of iron
technology in the study area were undertaken. This comparative
study is a helpful tool to gain more insights into the
anthropology and ethnoarchaeology of ironworking, including
aspects such as the migration of ethnic practices.
DIFFERENCE AND SIMILARITY BETWEEN CHOLA
BRONZE CASTING AND DHOKRA CASTING
generation in Tamil Nadu with the help of literary source and practical knowledge. Bronze manufacture
shows a remarkable degree of continuity in Tamil Nadu. The technique followed in the bronze casting is
known as Cire‐Perdue or lost‐wax process. This technique is following still today by traditional bronze
sculptor known as Sthapathi.