Mustafa Oz

University of Tennessee Knoxville, School of Journalism and Media, Faculty Member

The University of Texas at Austin, School of Journalism, Department Member

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Papers by Mustafa Oz

Sosyal Medya Kullanimi Ve Mahremi̇yet Algisi: Facebook Kullanicilarinin Mahremi̇yet Endi̇şeleri̇ Ve Farkindaliklari / Changes in Use and Perception of Privacy: Exploring Facebook Users’ Privacy Concerns and Awareness of Privacy Implications

Journal of Yaşar University, Jun 1, 2014

In this study, young adults' privacy concerns and their awareness of privacy implications were ex... more In this study, young adults' privacy concerns and their awareness of privacy implications were examined. Moreover two important factors were examined to understand their awareness of privacy implications. These factors are Facebook usage and n ews media consumption. Finally, the way users' awareness of privacy implications affects those individuals' usage of Facebook was examined. A total of 2,000 students were invited to participate in this survey. The survey was conducted February 12 to Febr uary 26, 2012. A total of 373 college students participated in this study. The results show that young adults' Facebook usage and media consumption are positively associated with awareness of privacy implications. In addition, users who consume news media often are more likely to be aware of privacy implications than users who consume it rarely. Moreover, the results show that awareness of privacy implications is linked to stricter profile specifications. Furthermore, the results found that awareness of Facebook privacy implications may lead individuals to consider quitting Facebook.

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Fear of surveillance: Examining Turkish social media users’ perception of surveillance and willingness to express opinions on social media

Mediterranean Politics, Mar 1, 2022

In this study, we conducted an online survey (N = 447) to understand the impact of perceived surv... more In this study, we conducted an online survey (N = 447) to understand the impact of perceived surveillance on online political participation. Using the Spiral of Silence theory and surveillance culture as our theoretical frameworks, we explored how social media users’ perception of government surveillance impacts Turkish social media users’ willingness to express an opinion on social media. In addition, we examined whether perceived majority and online privacy skills moderate the relationship between perceived surveillance and willingness to express opinions on social media. The results suggested that perceived surveillance is negatively related to one’s willingness to express opinions. On the other hand, online privacy skills moderate the relationship between perceivedsurveillance and willingness to express opinions.

Twitter versus Facebook: Comparing incivility, impoliteness, and deliberative attributes

New Media & Society, 2017

Using two quantitative methods, this study sought to understand whether user-generated posts woul... more Using two quantitative methods, this study sought to understand whether user-generated posts would vary in frequency of incivility, impoliteness, and deliberative attributes on Twitter versus Facebook. A quantitative content analysis ( N = 1458) revealed that posts responding to the White House’s tweets were significantly more uncivil and impolite and less deliberative than responses to White House Facebook posts. Also, comments on posts that concerned sensitive topics (such as same-sex marriage) were more uncivil, impolite, and deliberative than comments regarding less sensitive topics (such as technology). An experiment ( N = 198) showed that people were more deliberative when responding to White House Facebook posts, compared with White House tweets, but no differences were found for incivility and impoliteness. Results suggest that both the varying affordances of the two platforms and the fact that the two sites may attract different types of people might explain these results.

Discussing controversial issues on social media : examining the role of affordances, fear of isolation and de-individuation

This dissertation sought to answer whether people more free to express their opinions on controve... more This dissertation sought to answer whether people more free to express their opinions on controversial topics on Twitter versus Facebook? Three specific affordances support this question: the networks people engage with on each platform, how identifiable they are to other users, and the visibility of their posts (Treem & Leonardi, 2012). In this dissertation, I draw from three related theoretical frameworks to support my argument: the spiral of silence (SOS), the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE), and affordances theory. The results suggested that there were significant differences between Twitter and Facebook in terms of one's willingness to express opinion. In summary people were more likely to express their opinion on Twitter than Facebook when they think the majority does not support their opinion.

format_quoteRespondents are more willing to express minority opinions on Twitter than Facebook and use more avoidance strategies on Facebook.format_quote

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Intolerant versus uncivil: Examining types, directions and deliberative attributes of incivility on Facebook versus Twitter

First Monday, Feb 14, 2022

Intolerant versus uncivil: Examining types, directions and deliberative attributes of incivility ... more Intolerant versus uncivil: Examining types, directions and deliberative attributes of incivility on Facebook versus Twitter This study was an attempt to understand incivility, intolerance, and deliberative attributes on social media. Instead of solely focusing on incivility, this study distinguished incivility from intolerance and examined these two concepts in the context of public comments on two social media platforms. More specifically, in the study, we conducted content analyses to examine whether uncivil and intolerant comments vary based on platforms and topic sensitivity, as well as the relationship between uncivil and intolerant discourse and deliberative attributes. The results revealed that incivility occurred on both platforms but that a significant difference existed between Facebook and Twitter in terms of intolerant comments. The results also showed a positive relationship between topic sensitivity and intolerance. Finally, we found that Facebook discussions were 46 percent more likely than Twitter discussions to contain deliberative comments. Types and directions of incivility Incivility, intolerance, and democratic plurality Affordances, topic sensitivity, and network characteristics Methods Results Discussion and conclusions

format_quoteIncivility occurred in 23% of comments, while intolerance was present in only 6.3%, indicating that incivility is more prevalent online.format_quote

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Under the Shadow of Culture and Politics: Understanding LGBTQ Social Media Activists' Perceptions, Concerns, and Strategies

This study aimed to explore the perceptions, concerns, and strategies of LGBTQ social media activ... more This study aimed to explore the perceptions, concerns, and strategies of LGBTQ social media activists in Turkey. Through semi-structured interviews with 20 LGBTQ social media activists, we investigated how they navigate cultural and political challenges and utilize social media for activism purposes. Our findings revealed that LGBTQ activists in Turkey strive to balance the risks and benefits of being online activists. They aim to avoid punishment from society and the government while simultaneously asserting their existence and amplifying their voices through social media. In addition, the study highlights the concerns of activists regarding both state and lateral surveillance.

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Platform Affordances and Spiral of Silence: How Perceived Differences between Facebook and Twitter Influence Opinion Expression Online

SSRN Electronic Journal

This study examines how perceived differences in the affordances of social media platforms influe... more This study examines how perceived differences in the affordances of social media platforms influence users' willingness to express opinions on a controversial issue, viz., systemic racism. Drawing on a U.S. nationally representative survey, our analysis suggests that fear of social isolation has a significant effect on Facebook but not on Twitter. Moreover, three platform affordancesnetwork association, anonymity, and social presencemoderate the relationship on Facebook, while anonymity has a direct positive effect on Twitter. We argue that increased perceived network association and social presence and reduced perceived anonymity on Facebook result in higher levels of self-censorship. Twitter's interest-based ties, on the other hand, enhance anonymity and, with it, the willingness to speak on controversial topics.

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Fear of surveillance:Examining Turkish social media users’ perception of surveillance and willingness to express opinions on social media

Mediterranean Politics, 2022

In this study, we conducted an online survey (N = 447) to understand the impact of perceived surv... more In this study, we conducted an online survey (N = 447) to understand the impact of perceived surveillance on online political participation. Using the Spiral of Silence theory and surveillance culture as our theoretical frameworks, we explored how social media users’ perception of government surveillance impacts Turkish social media users’ willingness to express an opinion on social
media. In addition, we examined whether perceived majority and online privacy
skills moderate the relationship between perceived surveillance and willingness to express opinions on social media. The results suggested that perceived surveillance is negatively related to one’s willingness to express opinions. On the other hand, online privacy skills moderate the relationship between perceivedsurveillance and willingness to express opinions.

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Mainstream media’s coverage of the Gezi protests and protesters’ perception of mainstream media

Global Media and Communication

This article seeks to analyse how different sets of media covered the Gezi protests, whether the ... more This article seeks to analyse how different sets of media covered the Gezi protests, whether the protest paradigm model varied according to the ideological leanings of newspapers, and whether social media created an alternative way for citizens to gather information while bypassing domestic news media. Furthermore, the study examines protesters’ perceptions of mainstream media coverage of the Gezi Park protests. It is important to understand how the exchange of information and idea flows in a polarized media environment and social media tools affected this process in Turkey.

Facebook as a public deliberative space: Social media, Deliberation and Public Sphere

Journal of Social Media Studies, 2016

This study specifically examines civility, politeness and discussion quality on the Washington Po... more This study specifically examines civility, politeness and discussion quality on the Washington Post&#39;s (WP&#39;s) webpage&#39;s commentary section and discussion on WP&#39;s Facebook page to see whether there are differences between these different commentary spaces and whether social media websites like Facebook has an effect on politeness, civility and discussion quality. Overall this research make a significant contribution to political communication field and suggests that some social media websites have some potential for deliberative democracy with its important tools such as identifiability and network notification system for deliberation (Halpern and Gibbs, 2013). However still online discussion spaces are lacking of overall discussion quality.

Facebook as a public deliberative space: Social media, Deliberation and Public Sphere

This study specifically examines civility, politeness and discussion quality on the Washington Po... more This study specifically examines civility, politeness and discussion quality on the Washington Post's (WP's) webpage's commentary section and discussion on WP's Facebook page to see whether there are differences between these different commentary spaces and whether social media websites like Facebook has an effect on politeness, civility and discussion quality. Overall this research make a significant contribution to political communication field and suggests that some social media websites have some potential for deliberative democracy with its important tools such as identifiability and network notification system for deliberation (Halpern and Gibbs, 2013). However still online discussion spaces are lacking of overall discussion quality.

Changes in use and perception of privacy : exploring differences between heavy and light users of Facebook

Mainstream Media’s Coverage of the Gezi Protests and protesters’ perception of mainstream media

This paper sought to analyze how different sets of media covered the Gezi protests and whether th... more This paper sought to analyze how different sets of media covered the Gezi protests and whether the protest paradigm model varied by the ideological leanings of newspapers. Also whether social media created an alternative way for citizens to gather information while bypassing domestic news media. Furthermore the study examined protesters perception of mainstream media coverage of Gezi park.It is also important to understand how the exchange of information and ideas flows in a polarized media environment and how social media tools affected this process in Turkey.

Journal of Yaşar University, 2014

Öz: Bu çalışmada üniversite yaşındaki gençlerin sosyal medyadaki özel yaşam mahremiyeti hakkındak... more Öz: Bu çalışmada üniversite yaşındaki gençlerin sosyal medyadaki özel yaşam mahremiyeti hakkındaki endişeleri ve sosyal medya sitelerindeki mahremiyet problemleri incelenmiştir. Bunun dışında gençlerin sosyal medyadaki mahremiyet problemleri hakkındak i farkındalıklarını anlamak için, gençlerin Facebook ve diğer medya araçlarını kullanımlarıda araştırıldı. Son olarak gençlerin sosyal medyadaki mahremiyet problemleri karşısındaki farkındalıklarının sosyal medya kullanımlarını nasıl etkiledikleride araştırıld ı. 12 şubat ve 26 şubat 2012 arasında üniversite öğrencileri arasında anket düzenlendi. Ankete 2000 kişi davet edildi. Katılan kişi s ayısı 373 oldu. Sonuçlara göre gençlerin sosyal medya ve diğer medya araçlarını kullanımları ile mahremiyet problemleri farkındalık ları arasında pozitif yönde ilişki tesbit edildi. Özellikle haberleri takip eden gençlerin farkındalıklarının daha fazla olduğu gö zlemlendi. Dahası farkındalıklar arttıkça kullanıcıların profillerinin gizlilik ayarlarının daha kapalı (stricter) olduğu gözlemlendı.Son olarak farkındalığın artmasının bireylerin Facebook hesaplarını kapatmaları ihtimalini güçlendirdiği gözlemlendi.

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Twitter versus Facebook: Comparing incivility, impoliteness, and deliberative attributes

by Mustafa Oz and Mustafa Oz

Using two quantitative methods, this study sought to understand whether user-generated posts woul... more Using two quantitative methods, this study sought to understand whether user-generated posts would vary in frequency of incivility, impoliteness, and deliberative attributes on Twitter versus Facebook. A quantitative content analysis (N = 1458) revealed that posts responding to the White House's tweets were significantly more uncivil and impolite and less deliberative than responses to White House Facebook posts. Also, comments on posts that concerned sensitive topics (such as same-sex marriage) were more uncivil, impolite, and deliberative than comments regarding less sensitive topics (such as technology). An experiment (N = 198) showed that people were more deliberative when responding to White House Facebook posts, compared with White House tweets, but no differences were found for incivility and impoliteness. Results suggest that both the varying affordances of the two platforms and the fact that the two sites may attract different types of people might explain these results.

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