Yildiz Technical University
Architecture/Restoration Unit
Disaster Preparedness is a concept, importance of which has been realized in Turkey only after extensive disasters of the past ten years. Especially after the August 17, 1999 Marmara Earthquake, it appeared that we have no working... more
Disaster Preparedness is a concept, importance of which has been realized in Turkey only after extensive disasters of the past ten years. Especially after the August 17, 1999 Marmara Earthquake, it appeared that we have no working disaster management plan, and that our institutions are not prepared for major disasters. The situation is much worse for our Cultural Heritage. There are no institutions or mechanisms designated for a systematical rapid evaluation of our cultural heritage after disasters, nor there is a pre designed evaluation form which has been officially agreed upon. A national database where technical properties of the cultural Heritage have been designated have not been formed yet.
- by Deniz F Gündoğdu and +1
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Wars and interior conflicts, as is coherent with their nature, have caused destruction on shared cultural heritage which make up the identity and memory of societies. As we have started to create civilizations, we have also discovered... more
Wars and interior conflicts, as is coherent with their nature, have caused destruction on shared cultural heritage which make up the identity and memory of societies. As we have started to create civilizations, we have also discovered that we have to fight over them; long before we have discovered the importance of human creation. The reasons and means of destruction have varied and 'evolved' in time. We should understand what terrorist acts and armed conflicts have evolved, to be able to adequately evaluate the risk that our cultural heritage is in.
- by Deniz F Gündoğdu and +1
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Fire of Haydarpaşa Train Station has showed us once more that we have a long way to go in the process of preparing our cultural heritage against disaster risks. Turning this unfortunate event into an opportunity for our heritage, actions... more
Fire of Haydarpaşa Train Station has showed us once more that we have a long way to go in the process of preparing our cultural heritage against disaster risks. Turning this unfortunate event into an opportunity for our heritage, actions to be taken before, during and after a disaster in order to reduce the vulnerability of historic buildings by means of analysing similar events that have occured in the World will be explained. Furthermore, some information will be given on the Guide for the Protection of Cultural Heritage during Rehabilitations, which is being prepared by a team of international experts. This initiation has been started straight after the Haydarpaşa Fire, by ICOMOS/ICORP- International Council of Monuments and Sites/ International Council of Risk Preparedness, Turkish Committee. Data on the situation of Haydarpaşa Train Station after the fire have been studied and used by the permission of the Directorate of İstanbul Vth Regional Council for Preservation of Cultural and Natural Heritage
- by Deniz F Gündoğdu and +2
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- Historic Buildings, Fire Risk
Bu çalışma, İstanbul’u tarihsel süreç içinde etkileyen afetlerin türleri, oluşum nedenleri, tekrarlanma sıklığı, şiddet ve yayılım alanları ile buna karşı zaman içerisinde alınan tedbirler, idari sistemin ve kentsel dokunun değişimi... more
Bu çalışma, İstanbul’u tarihsel süreç içinde etkileyen afetlerin türleri, oluşum nedenleri, tekrarlanma sıklığı, şiddet ve yayılım alanları ile buna karşı zaman içerisinde alınan tedbirler, idari sistemin ve kentsel dokunun değişimi arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyerek söz konusu veriler ışığında İstanbul’da meydana gelen afetlerin sekanslarının, afet etkilerini azaltma stratejielinin belirlenmesi çalışmalarında kullanılacak bir yapıya getirmeyi hedeflemektedir.
Çalışmada, İstanbul’un tarih boyunca maruz kaldığı deprem ve yangınlar, değişik kaynaklardan derlenenerek kronolojik olarak biraraya getirilmiştir. Kaynaklar arasındaki veriler karşılaştırılarak ve birleştirilerek, afetlerin kentteki yayılım alanları saptanmaya ve böylece kenti etkileyen yıkımın boyutu tanımlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Büyük depremler sırasında denizden gelen dalgaların yarattığı hasarlardan da bahsedilmekle beraber bunlara ilişkin yazılı kaynaklarda hasar verisi bulunmadığı için bu çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmemişlerdir.
Çalışmada, İstanbul’un tarih boyunca maruz kaldığı deprem ve yangınlar, değişik kaynaklardan derlenenerek kronolojik olarak biraraya getirilmiştir. Kaynaklar arasındaki veriler karşılaştırılarak ve birleştirilerek, afetlerin kentteki yayılım alanları saptanmaya ve böylece kenti etkileyen yıkımın boyutu tanımlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Büyük depremler sırasında denizden gelen dalgaların yarattığı hasarlardan da bahsedilmekle beraber bunlara ilişkin yazılı kaynaklarda hasar verisi bulunmadığı için bu çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmemişlerdir.
- by Deniz F Gündoğdu and +1
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- Afet Riski
Bu çalışmada, İstanbul Tarihi Yarımada’da, Zeyrek Dünya Mirası Alanı’nı etkileyebilecek risklerin ve bunların meydana gelme olasılıklarının saptanabilmesi amacıyla İstanbul’u tarihsel süreç içinde etkileyen doğal ve insan kaynaklı... more
Bu çalışmada, İstanbul Tarihi Yarımada’da, Zeyrek Dünya Mirası Alanı’nı etkileyebilecek risklerin ve bunların meydana gelme olasılıklarının saptanabilmesi amacıyla İstanbul’u tarihsel süreç içinde etkileyen doğal ve insan kaynaklı afetlerin türleri, oluşum nedenleri, tekrarlanma sıklıkları, şiddet ve yayılım alanları ile buna karşı zaman içerisinde alınan önlemler, idari sistemin ve kentsel dokunun değişimi arasındaki ilişki ile bu bağlantının afet risk yönetimi üzerindeki etkisi incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda toplanan veriler ışığında, İstanbul’da meydana gelen afetlerin yapıları, afetlere bağlı gelişen riskleri azaltma stratejilerinin belirlenmesine temel teşkil etmesi açısından incelenmiştir
Çalışmada, İstanbul’un tarih boyunca maruz kaldığı afetlerden kentin fiziki yapısı üzerinde en fazla etkide bulunan ve aynı zamandan bölgede sosyal değişimlere de neden olan deprem ve yangınlar, kaynaklardan derlenenerek kronolojik olarak biraraya getirilmiştir. Kaynaklar arasındaki veriler karşılaştırılarak ve birleştirilerek, afetlerin yerleşim içindeki yayılım alanları, etkilenen alanların incinebilirliğini arttıran etmenler saptanmaya ve böylece kenti etkileyen yıkımın boyutu ve nedenleri tanımlanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Çalışmada, İstanbul’un tarih boyunca maruz kaldığı afetlerden kentin fiziki yapısı üzerinde en fazla etkide bulunan ve aynı zamandan bölgede sosyal değişimlere de neden olan deprem ve yangınlar, kaynaklardan derlenenerek kronolojik olarak biraraya getirilmiştir. Kaynaklar arasındaki veriler karşılaştırılarak ve birleştirilerek, afetlerin yerleşim içindeki yayılım alanları, etkilenen alanların incinebilirliğini arttıran etmenler saptanmaya ve böylece kenti etkileyen yıkımın boyutu ve nedenleri tanımlanmaya çalışılmıştır.
- by Deniz F Gündoğdu and +2
- •
- Disaster risk management
Disaster Preparedness is a concept, importance of which has been realized in Turkey only after extensive disasters of the past ten years. Especially after the August 17, 1999 Marmara Earthquake, it appeared that we have no working... more
Disaster Preparedness is a concept, importance of which has been realized in Turkey only after extensive disasters of the past ten years. Especially after the August 17, 1999 Marmara Earthquake, it appeared that we have no working disaster management plan, and that our institutions are not prepared for major disasters. The situation is much worse for our Cultural Heritage. There are no institutions or mechanisms designated for a systematical rapid evaluation of our cultural heritage after disasters, nor there is a pre designed evaluation form which has been officially agreed upon. A national database where technical properties of the cultural Heritage have been designated have not been formed yet.
When various disaster responses for different situations are analysed, it can be seen that damage assessment systems and involving organizations differ, and that there is a lack of coordination during different events. As a result, there have been problems in using the resulting data for decision support systems, and in determination of priorities, type and depth of protection.
In this study, mechanisms that stepped in after 1999 Marmara Earthquake and 2003 İstanbul terror attacks for damage assessment will be analysed on given examples. Defects and flaws of the systems will be analysed. A local and national mechanism which can be integrated with the international system will be suggested.
When various disaster responses for different situations are analysed, it can be seen that damage assessment systems and involving organizations differ, and that there is a lack of coordination during different events. As a result, there have been problems in using the resulting data for decision support systems, and in determination of priorities, type and depth of protection.
In this study, mechanisms that stepped in after 1999 Marmara Earthquake and 2003 İstanbul terror attacks for damage assessment will be analysed on given examples. Defects and flaws of the systems will be analysed. A local and national mechanism which can be integrated with the international system will be suggested.
This research aims to analyze the sequence of disasters, and to form a structure, which can be used during determination of mitigation strategies; by using data collected on disasters that İstanbul had faced during its history; their... more
This research aims to analyze the sequence of disasters, and to form a structure, which can be used during determination of mitigation strategies; by using data collected on disasters that İstanbul had faced during its history; their types, causes, sequence, intensity and propagation zones, and precautions taken through time, and the evaluation of the change of the administrative system and of the city texture .
In this study, earthquake and fires have been derived from various sources and brought together chronologically. These data have been combined and compared, trying to determine the propagation area within the city, and thus defining the size of the destruction. Although destruction caused by big waves from the sea are mentioned, these have not been evaluated within the scope of this study, as there is no data for the amount of this destruction.
In this study, earthquake and fires have been derived from various sources and brought together chronologically. These data have been combined and compared, trying to determine the propagation area within the city, and thus defining the size of the destruction. Although destruction caused by big waves from the sea are mentioned, these have not been evaluated within the scope of this study, as there is no data for the amount of this destruction.
A powerful earthquake hit Turkey’s Eastern Anatolia region, 20km North of Van city center (38.68-N43.47E) with a depth of 19km, on 23 October 2011. According to the data from Turkey Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management... more
A powerful earthquake hit Turkey’s Eastern Anatolia region, 20km North of Van city center (38.68-N43.47E) with a depth of 19km, on 23 October 2011. According to the data from Turkey Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) Department of Earthquake Seismologic Observations Network, earthquake with M6.7 and MW7.0 occurred at 13.41, local time.
Van earthquake was an exception for many aspects of countries’ ‘well known earthquake facts’. Turkey’s landscape’s majority is under 1st degree earthquake risk; therefore powerful earthquakes occur quite often in country. However, although being used to powerful earthquakes and its aftershocks, 23 October earthquake had significant differences compared to previous ones. One of the most important points was the magnitude and intervals of the aftershocks. Within first week of the earthquake, 114 aftershocks measuring between M4.0-M4.9 and 7 aftershocks greater than M5.0 was recorded in the region.
Although these exceptional behavior of the fault line, all aftershocks were considered normal by authorities and experts, thus humanitarian relief efforts and rehabilitation projects started immediately for the sake of affected people…until another unexpected earthquake occurred on 9 November, 2011.
A second earthquake of M5,6 hit the town of Edremit, 10km south of Van city on 9 November 2011, right next to Lake Van.
Everyone underestimated the effects of this earthquake in the beginning. However, an excessive number of buildings either collapsed of heavily damaged, lives and properties were lost. Infrastructures such as transportation, water, electrical lines were cut and hampered. Cold weather conditions (average of 0 °C) and snow affected search and rescue operations and relief efforts in the region.
Van earthquake was an exception for many aspects of countries’ ‘well known earthquake facts’. Turkey’s landscape’s majority is under 1st degree earthquake risk; therefore powerful earthquakes occur quite often in country. However, although being used to powerful earthquakes and its aftershocks, 23 October earthquake had significant differences compared to previous ones. One of the most important points was the magnitude and intervals of the aftershocks. Within first week of the earthquake, 114 aftershocks measuring between M4.0-M4.9 and 7 aftershocks greater than M5.0 was recorded in the region.
Although these exceptional behavior of the fault line, all aftershocks were considered normal by authorities and experts, thus humanitarian relief efforts and rehabilitation projects started immediately for the sake of affected people…until another unexpected earthquake occurred on 9 November, 2011.
A second earthquake of M5,6 hit the town of Edremit, 10km south of Van city on 9 November 2011, right next to Lake Van.
Everyone underestimated the effects of this earthquake in the beginning. However, an excessive number of buildings either collapsed of heavily damaged, lives and properties were lost. Infrastructures such as transportation, water, electrical lines were cut and hampered. Cold weather conditions (average of 0 °C) and snow affected search and rescue operations and relief efforts in the region.