Abnormal Behavior

Schizophrenia is a mental illness that is generally described as a neuro-biological brain disorder that affects people of all ages. It can occur in any family of any economic status that has a previous member with the disease. This document is an overview of the biological approach to schizophrenia with the equivalent of “brain cancer” results. As any mental disorder, it causes disturbances in the cognitive of its victims until the end like brain cancer, causes stigma, and its victims usually have no ability to cope with the demands of normal life till the end as well. This research paper focuses on its biological causes such as brain chemistry, structure, functioning, and suspected environmental causes.

Hair loss is a common problem in captive macaque colonies. A potential factor is the possible influence of stressful environments in the development of hair loss. We examined the relationship between hair loss and chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity by measuring cortisol in hair. Adult male and female rhesus macaques housed at 3 primate facilities in the United States were screened for degree of hair loss and observed for evidence of hair-plucking behavior. Hair samples and photographic data were obtained from 99 subjects, none of which were hair-pluckers. Macaques with greater than 30% hair loss (alopecia group) showed higher concentrations of hair cortisol than did those with less than 5% hair loss (control group), a finding that was unrelated to age, body weight, or the month in which the sample was collected. Hair loss scores were positively correlated with hair cortisol levels across all monkeys and within the alopecic group alone. In addition, the strong...

Directeur de cette thèse, M. Combalbert, lors de la première année de Master, je vous remerciais de m'avoir sensibilisé à la recherche. Aujourd'hui je poursuis, je vous remercie de m'avoir accordé votre confiance et accompagné dans la réalisation de ce projet de recherche, de l'avoir reçu et soutenu. Je vous remercie d'avoir assuré cette direction, dans laquelle vous avez toujours su entendre et écouter mes idées, mes interrogations. J'ai été très sensible à vos qualités scientifiques, pédagogiques et humaines tout au long de ce travail doctoral. Particulièrement, cet optimisme qui ne vous quitte pas et qui m'a porté à chacun de mes pas. Pour terminer, je tiens à vous exprimer ma profonde gratitude. Aux membres du Jury, Mme. Andronikof et M. Mallet qui m'ont fait l'honneur d'être les rapporteurs de ce travail. Mme. Andronikof, M. Fontaine et M. Mallet, merci d'avoir accepté d'être membres du jury. Le regard que vous portez sur cette recherche m'est précieux, et je serai honorée des commentaires et des conseils que vous pourrez formuler. Veuillez trouver l'expression de ma profonde reconnaissance. À mes rencontres, À Hubert Hovasse, pour m'avoir permis, lors de mon Master 1 de réaliser un stage d'un an au sein d'un institut médicoéducatif. Je retiens un accompagnement riche d'enseignements ; pour ta fidélité. C'est à la fois suite à ce stage et à des « séjours adaptés » qu'est né le désir d'entreprendre ce travail de recherche. À toutes les personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle et/ou un trouble du spectre de l'autisme. Aux enseignants des Ulis pour leur accueil et leur participation. A l'ensemble des équipes exerçant au sein d'instituts médico-éducatifs qui ont soutenu ce projet en acceptant de m'accueillir et de participer au recueil de données. Aux parents pour avoir donné leur accord. Aux enfants et adolescents pour leur participation.

Ce travail de these invite a s’interesser aux caracteristiques des comportements agressifs chez les personnes presentant une deficience intellectuelle (DI) avec ou sans trouble du spectre autistique (TSA). Pour cela, nous avons proceder a la validation de deux echelles americaines d’evaluation des comportements agressifs, « Children’s Scale of Hostility and Aggression : Reactive/Proactive » (Famer & Aman, 2009) et « Behavior Problem Inventory-S » (Rojahn et al., 2012). Les resultats ont montre de bonnes proprietes psychometriques. Cela nous a permis d’identifier des comportements hetero et auto-agressifs differents en fonction de la presence ou non du TSA dans la DI. Enfin, l’etude du developpement moral est pertinente pour mieux comprendre l'etiologie des comportements agressifs chez les personnes DI. En effet, les resultats ont mis en lumiere des difficultes dans le traitement des informations (Intention – Consequence).

Background and purpose: Petroleum hydrocarbons are one of the most common persistent organic pollutants in the environment. Phytoremediation is a new technology in which the resistant plants are used to remove or reduce organic and mineral contamination and hazardous environmental substances. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vetiveria Zizanioides plants on total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal in soil contaminated by oil in different concentrations of oil pollution in Khuzestan industrial area. Materials and methods: The soil samples were collected from the areas around Ahvaz oil field and were contaminated by oil in different concentrations (5%, 7%, and 10 % w/w). TPH measurement was done (and repeated twice) during four months in five retention time. Determination of TPH concentration in GC was performed using FID detector. Results: According to the results, the best efficiency of Vetiveria Zizanioides in removal of TPH was found in treatment with 5% oi...

In the mid-1970s, a recurring theme in Michel Foucault's production was that of abnormals, that is, all those figures such as criminals, internees, and hermaphrodites who are placed on the margins of society. Rather than demonstrating a supposed romanticization of marginality, the 1974/1975 lecture series represents an attempt to see how power functions when it comes into contact with "abnormal" subjects. Through the publication of the memoirs of Pierre Rivière, Herculine Barbin, and the lettres de cachet of the archives, an interest emerges in Foucault that goes beyond the analytics of power: when the dysphoric subject can truly take the floor, mostly through the experience of writing, he represents a truth other than that of power. It is during this period that Foucault begins to reflect on the possibility of linking resistance and speech-taking through a first-person assumption of truth destined later to be revived through the theme of Greek parrésia.

This study aims to explore the issue of puberty and the religious lifestyle of adolescent girls. During this stage, adolescents exhibit a spectrum of traits-from positive excitement to anxiety, and from aggression to inquisitiveness. At this stage, certain issues-particularly the issue of puberty-become salient. The issue of puberty encompasses deeper, more complex concerns. Employing a qualitative, phenomenological approach, the study investigates the issue of puberty among lowersecondary-level girls through the lens of their instructors. Findings indicate that data reduction yielded 155 sub-categories and eight core categories. The core categories were: sexual-need management; deficient social maturity; deficient emotional maturity; the necessity of targeted awareness-raising for coping with the issue of puberty; poor life-skills; the need for individualized training; vulnerability in female instructors' lifestyles; and inadequate maternal performance. The study concludes that mitigating puberty-related crises among adolescent girls requires reforming the lifestyles of both mothers and instructors, who must enhance their own practices. In addition, purposeful awareness-raising is needed to guide adolescent girls in navigating the issue of puberty. Within an Islamic lifestyle, feminine identity holds great significance. It comprises three dimensions-role, gender, and personal identity-and chastity constitutes a fundamental, central principle across all three, according to Islamic teachings. A chastity-based lifestyle represents one among many lifestyle typologies. It spans a broad range of core outcomes, focuses on indicators within interpersonal relationships, and embodies principles that promote holistic personal and societal development for all individuals.

employed with the PCA method are the Hotelling 𝑻 𝟐 statistic which are used for monitoring the process which is reduced by PCA. This study has two steps; first, the high dimensional process is reduced by applying PCA, and then, the reduced process is monitored.

In the European Union (as elsewhere), there are many activities that involve animals and which must, as such, be subject to regulation. These include trade, livestock farming, fishing or for the purpose of environmental protection. Some of these regulations also cover the definition of "pet animals" which includes both domestic and exotic pets-whether from the natural environment (wild animals) or bred in captivity from originally wild animals. Species that have adapted to or undergone a domestication process present a series of characteristics that are more favorable for or conducive to coexistence with humans. This article explores whether exotic species should be viewed as "pets," based on-by their very nature-being inherently incompatible with domestication, including their habitat/living requirements. In addition, it raises issues around, and rationale or drivers of, the practice of trading and acquiring exotic species as pets, when there is the alternative of keeping a domestic animal for this purpose instead.

Abnormal application behavior in mobile can produce a number of undesirable effects. An incorrect or insufficient implementation of application lifecycle, memory related issues and malicious application might cause an unexpected behavior of the application such as bad usability, not responding, crashed and even data loss. Current analysis and detection of abnormal applications behavior are still not comprehensive enough where behavior under user visible failure category such as crash, "stopped unexpectedly" and "not responding" received less attention by researchers. Furthermore, framework of analysis technique has not been developed by researcher to investigate the abnormal behavior in mobile application. Thus, in this paper we will study, analyze and classify the possible issues in causing abnormal application behavior and the existing techniques in identifying abnormal application behavior.

Intraspecific killing has been reported among polar bears (Ursus maritimus), brown bears (U. arctos), and black bears (U. americanus). Although cannibalism is one motivation for such killings, the ecological factors mediating such events are poorly understood. Between 24 January and 10 April 2004, we confirmed three instances of intraspecific predation and cannibalism in the Beaufort Sea. One of these, the first of this type ever reported for polar bears, was a parturient female killed at her maternal den. The predating bear was hunting in a known maternal denning area and apparently discovered the den by scent. A second predation event involved an adult female and cub recently emerged from their den, and the third involved a yearling male. During 24 years of research on polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea region of northern Alaska and 34 years in northwestern Canada, we have not seen other incidents of polar bears stalking, killing, and eating other polar bears. We hypothesize that nutritional stresses related to the longer ice-free seasons that have occurred in the Beaufort Sea in recent years may have led to the cannibalism incidents we observed in 2004.

It is considered of significant importance to provide wild animals in captivity with environmental enrichment elements to improve their psychological and physiological well being, stimulating a higher activity and behavioral variety. This study evaluated the effect of different enrichment elements (explorative/ manipulative, physical and feeding enrichment devices) on the behavior and physiology of two groups of great apes, gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at the Zoo-Aquarium of Madrid. The proposed prediction was that there would be a reduction of inactivity, anomalous and nondesired behavior, also on cortisol levels, as a result of the stimular improvements. The behaviors and cortisol faecal levels were compared between two different conditions: 1. previous phase without enrichment, 2. enrichment phase. The data analysis allowed measuring the efficiency of the enrichment, revealing that the frequency of inactivity and anomalous behaviors was significant...

El presente trabajo tuvo un doble objetivo. Por un lado, diferenciar y acotar los términos de psicoterapia y psicología clínica como prácticas distintas y con grados diferentes de relación con la psicología científica. Por el otro, delimitar la técnica y tecnología como modos de conocimiento distintos, con claras diferencias muchas veces ignoradas en la disciplina psicológica. Para cumplir con lo anterior, se hace un breve recorrido histórico que presenta el desarrollo de la psicología aplicada. Posteriormente, se utilizan los criterios ontológicos desarrollados por Mario Bunge para delimitar los modos de conocimiento técnico y tecnológico en la psicología. Finalmente, se interconectan todos los
términos acotados con el desarrollo histórico que han tenido los diversos conductismos y sus programas de investigación científica, a manera de ejemplificación que sustente los argumentos diferenciales entre psicoterapia, psicología clínica, técnica y tecnología. Tras tal análisis histórico-conceptual se concluyó la necesidad e importancia que tienen
este tipo de investigaciones para guiar la práctica profesional de los psicólogos en el ámbito básico o aplicado.

Genetic mutations in FUS, a DNA/RNA‐binding protein, are associated with inherited forms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A novel transgenic FUS[1‐359]‐tg mouse line recapitulates core hallmarks of human ALS in the spinal cord, including neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, ensuing muscle atrophy and paralysis, as well as brain pathomorphological signs of FTLD. However, a question whether FUS[1‐359]‐tg mouse displays behavioural and brain pro‐inflammatory changes characteristic for the FTLD syndrome was not addressed. Here, we studied emotional, social and cognitive behaviours, brain markers of inflammation and plasticity of pre‐symptomatic FUS[1‐359]‐tg male mice, a potential FTLD model. These animals displayed aberrant behaviours and altered brain expression of inflammatory markers and related pathways that are reminiscent to the FTLD‐like syndrome. FTLD‐related behavioural and molecular Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medi...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh layanan bimbingan kelompok terhadap etika pergaulan siswa di SMP Negeri 3 Unaaha. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Pre Eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain One Group Pre Test and Post Test. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 9 orang siswa dari 25 siswa yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan angket skala etika pergaulan siswa. Berdasarkan data hasil analisis deskriptif persentase menunjukkan bahwa etika pergaulan siswa sebelum diberikan perlakuan berupa layanan bimbingan kelompok berada pada kategori rendah dengan rata-rata mencapai 56,62%. Sesudah diberikan perlakuan berada pada kategori tinggi dengan rata-rata mencapai 77,13%. Berdasarkan hasil rata-rata etika pergaulan siswa mencapai peningkatan sebesar 20,51%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa layanan bimbingan kelompok berpengaruh terhadap etika pergaulan siswa SMP Negeri 3 Unaaha.

Introduction: The phenomenon of running away from home is taken into account as one of the highly sensitive and complicated issues in the field of social harms. According to a report released by the WHO, the annual rate of running away from home is more than 2.3 million. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to compare family structure and process, attachment style, and emotional intelligence among runaway and normal girls. Methods: In this study, all runaway girls covered by social welfare organization of Iran in Bandar Abbas city were selected by using the convenience sampling method 40 individuals were selected including 20 runaway girls and 20 normal girls who were matched in terms of demographic characteristics. Two groups were compared with t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient was used for evaluating relationship between variables. Results: According to the findings, there was a statistically significant difference between family structure, family process, attachment style, and emotional intelligence in normal and runaway girls (P<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between family structure and emotional intelligence. Conclusion: Family structure and process, attachment style, and emotional intelligence can affect the phenomenon of running away.

In the context of pattern recognition, abnormal event detection plays an important role. Anomaly detection is an active area of research on its own. Previously known anomaly detection techniques are usually not object based, where objects are not recognized prominently. In this system we find optimized object aware anomaly detection technique, based on certain object categories focusing on mobile objects. Algorithm used performs block based foreground segmentation to restrict our analysis to moving objects and unrelated background dynamics. Object detector is used to discard unrelated objects on connected blocks. Histograms of block-motion trajectories are extracted and cluster them to represent normal events. This framework gives a relatively low computational complexity and high detection accuracy.

Although most abnormal behavior, including all stereotypies, indicate poor welfare, some that occurs in rare situations is functional and does not indicate a negative situation. There is a wide range of abnormal behaviors that occur in conditions where the animal's needs are not met and these can be valuable welfare indicators but should never be called 'vices'. Some behaviors, both normal and abnormal, can be used as motivation-modifying methods. They affect subsequent behavior and physiology, including feelings and emotions. The feelings and emotions in turn affect future behavior. Such complex mechanisms are a part of the regulatory functioning of sentient animals. The existence of these mechanisms helps to explain some abnormal behaviors and their consequences.

The responses of chicks startled near the end of a bout of feeding or preening were different from, and measurably greater than, those of chicks startled at the beginning of bouts of these activities. This result provides evidence about changes in motivational state during a bout of activity. It is proposed that causal factors, which are changing during the bout, may initiate an attentional change as the point of transition to another activity approaches. Distractibility and information-processing rate may be increased near the end of an activity because the individual can then attend to a greater variety of inputs than it could earlier in the bout. This would maximise the efficiency of the ensuing behavioural change. In order to carry out these experiments, bouts of feeding and preening were measured using a criterion based on log survivor curves for inter-event gap-lengths. The effects on the response of the time during a bout at which interruption occurs, were shown by chicks of ...

Background and purpose: Petroleum hydrocarbons are one of the most common persistent organic pollutants in the environment. Phytoremediation is a new technology in which the resistant plants are used to remove or reduce organic and mineral contamination and hazardous environmental substances. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vetiveria Zizanioides plants on total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal in soil contaminated by oil in different concentrations of oil pollution in Khuzestan industrial area. Materials and methods: The soil samples were collected from the areas around Ahvaz oil field and were contaminated by oil in different concentrations (5%, 7%, and 10 % w/w). TPH measurement was done (and repeated twice) during four months in five retention time. Determination of TPH concentration in GC was performed using FID detector. Results: According to the results, the best efficiency of Vetiveria Zizanioides in removal of TPH was found in treatment with 5% oi...

Autonomous vehicles face challenges in ensuring cyber-physical security due to their reliance on image data from cameras processed by machine learning. These algorithms, however, are vulnerable to anomalies in the imagery, leading to decreased recognition accuracy and presenting security concerns. Current machine learning models struggle to predict unexpected vehicular situations, particularly with unpredictable objects and unexpected anomalies. To combat this, scholars are focusing on active inference, a method that can adapt models based on human cognition. This paper aims to incorporate active inference into autonomous vehicle systems. Multiple studies have delved into this approach, showing its potential to address security gaps in this field. Specifically, these frameworks have proven effective in handling unforeseen vehicular anomalies. INDEX TERMS Autonomous vehicles, cyber-physical security, active inference, context awareness, abnormal scenarios.

Gangguan kepribadian (personality disorder) ditandai dengan pola-pola perilaku dan cara-cara berhubungan dengan orang lain yang terlalu kaku dan maladaptif yang mencerminkan variasi ektrem dari ciri-ciri kepribadian, seperti kecurigaan tanpa sebab, kualitas emosional yang berlebihan, dan impulsivitas (Clark, 2009 dalam Nevid, et.al, 2014). 3 Gangguan kepribadian merupakan suatu kondisi yang menyebabkan penderitanya memiliki pola pikir dan perilaku yang tidak sehat dan berbeda dari orang normal. Biasanya, hubungan menjadi terbatas antara penderita gangguan kepribadian dengan orang lain di lingkungan rumah, sekolah, bisnis, atau pekerjaan.

Gangguan depresi disebut dengan gangguan unipolar karena gangguan mood hanya berada pada satu arah / kutub emosi: murung. Sebaliknya, gangguan perubahan mood disebut dengan gangguan bipolar karena gangguan ini melibatkan kondisi depresi dan kegembiraan yang berlebihan (mania). Gangguan Disforik Pramenstruasi (PMDD). Perubahan mood yang tampak selama periode pramenstruasi wanita. Masih kontroversial karena memberikan stigma yang tidak adil pada wanita dengan melabeli mereka dengan gangguan psikologis.

Background: Adolescence is a stage of the individual's life during which a young person experiences comprehensive changes and transformations in various aspects such as physical, cognitive, moral, behavioral, and more. One of the most influential factors in successfully navigating this period and acquiring desirable traits as a result of these changes is the family. Hence, it is essential to identify cognitive factors that can be detrimental to parent-adolescent relationships in order to provide strategies for improving relationships between adolescents and parents.
Aims: The aim of the current study was to investigate the lived experience of traumatic cognitive factors in parent-adolescent relationships.
Methods: The present research employed a mixed-methods exploratory approach. Purposeful sampling using expert network technique was utilized for qualitative data collection, involving 20 participants in interviews. The statistical population for the quantitative segment of the study encompassed all high school students in Shiraz. A total of 332 participants were selected through simple random sampling. The research tools included interviews and a researcher-developed questionnaire for both qualitative and quantitative segments. Qualitative data analysis involved open, selective, and theoretical coding, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. In the quantitative part of the research, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted using Smart PLS 3 software.
Results: The final results of the study, based on the interviews, demonstrated that traumatic cognitive factors in parent-adolescent relationships include: 1) Generational differences; parental perfectionism; parental unawareness; lack of parental understanding; divergent value systems; excessive mutual expectations; and perceptual distance between parents and adolescents. The results of the structural equation modeling indicated that trauma has a significant negative and inverse impact on the parent-adolescent relationship. However, the other factors did not show significant effects.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be said that identifying each of the traumatic factors in parent-adolescent relationships leads to the recognition of the underlying issues between parents and adolescents, thereby facilitating improvement.

Abnormal behaviours are often used as a welfare indicator in zoo-housed great apes. While previous studies report on the occurrence of abnormal behaviours in zoo-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), there is currently a lack of knowledge about such behaviours in the closely related bonobo (Pan paniscus). Here we report on the prevalence, diversity and frequency of abnormal behaviours, based on 1531 hours of observations in 51 adult bonobos, living in six zoos. We also investigate the potential influence of age, sex, rearing history and four previously established personality traits (Activity, Boldness, Openness and Sociability) on the diversity and frequency of abnormal behaviours. Our results document the presence of a total of 13 abnormal behaviours in the population, with the five most frequent ones being Coprophagy, Poke anus, Social hair pluck, Regurgitation and Head shake. We find that wild-born bonobos show a higher diversity of abnormal behaviours compared to mother-reared individuals, likely due to their abnormal early-life experiences. Mother-reared individuals and males show lower frequencies of Poke anus. The frequency of abnormal behaviours is also linked to personality. Bonobos scoring lower on Activity, associated with more self-scratching and lower activity, engage more in Coprophagy and Head shaking. More sociable individuals, on the other hand, had higher frequencies of Social hair pluck, which follows a previous finding that this behaviour is embedded in grooming. Finally, more sociable individuals also had lower frequencies of Coprophagy, an indicator that higher sociability might cause higher resilience to stressors. Our study provides a first overview of the abnormal behaviours in zoohoused bonobos. We discuss that not all abnormal behaviours may be suitable indicators of poor welfare. These results form an important base in our understanding of the repertoire of abnormal behaviours in zoo-housed bonobos, which is a crucial step for optimising their welfare.

Human behavior analysis has become a critical area of research in computer vision and artificial intelligence research community. In recent years, video surveillance systems of crowd scenes have witnessed an increased demand in different applications, such as safety, security, entertainment, and personal mental health. Although many methods have been proposed, certain limitations exist, and many unresolved issues remain open. In this paper, we proposed a novel spatio-temporal sparse coding representation, based on sparse coded features with k-means singular value decomposition for robust classification of crowd behaviors. Extensive experiments have shown that dictionary learning method with sparsely coded features captured vital structures of video scenes and yielded discriminant descriptors for classifications than conventional bag-of-visual-features. Relying on the measurable features of crowd scenes and motion characteristics, we can represent different attributes of the crowd scenes. Experiments on hundreds of video scenes were carried out on publicly available datasets. Quantitative evaluation indicates that the proposed model display superior accuracy, precision, and recall in classifying human behaviors with linear support vector machine when compared with the state-of-the-art methods. The proposed method is conceptually simple and easy to train: thereby achieving an accuracy of 93.50%, a precision of 93.40%, and a recall of 95.96%. INDEX TERMS Human behavior, crowd scenes, histogram of optical flow, histogram of oriented gradient, artificial intelligence and sparse coding.

This paper aims to contribute to the buy-high and sell rule created by Gann with the practical application of Pythagorean theorem in the market chart. Using rightangled triangles, especially on Fridays when the market closes, can give traders a special chance to do short-term trading and make money by predict the market when it is open in the following week. Gann's trading rules have the potential to improve how people trade in today's financial markets.