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In the frenzy of technological advances and the massive capabilities of social media, it turns out that there is a dangerous space that this generation often doesn't realize, namely loneliness. Since the discovery of internet technology, lonely sufferers have experienced a spike among digital people. They often feel lonely and seemingly asymptomatic. If pastoral stewardship does not address this problem, the digital generation is bound to feel lonely and depressed, which can lead to suicide. They experience a decreased quality of life despite being in the church and parental care. The question is, what are the causes and effects of this problem of loneliness? What practical steps can shepherds take? And what kind of pastoral strategy is there to tackle the loneliness epidemic ravaging the digital generation? The purpose of this study is [1] to describe the causes and adverse effects of loneliness problems. [2] Describe simply practical steps a shepherd can take in dealing with loneliness. [3] Describe her pastoral and stewardship strategies that a solution to the problem of loneliness among this digital generation. The method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) for journal papers published in 2016-2021. Contribution of this research ; [1] For spiritual practitioners and educators who are directly related to recovery from the loneliness of the digital generation, [2] as a reference for pastoral teams and pastoral candidates in local church stewardship, [3] practical steps for parents in overcoming loneliness problems digital child they experienced.

After the Industrial Revolution, 4.0 has shown the latest developments in all aspects of human life. Along with the presence of the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence, the quality of standard and religious human civilization has eroded. Verbal communication, civilized human communities, and spiritual life turn to virtual space, virtual communication, and applications. This paper aims to explain the role of theologians in providing the basis for the humanization of biblical civilization in the era of society 5.0. The research method with a qualitative approach and data collection with a literature study. The construction is that theologians play a part in fundamental biblical teaching and practice on humanizing civilization and building full human development locally and globally. The conclusion is that the role and steps of the theologian have a significant influence on the fundamental teaching of biblical human civilization amid a new civilization in the era of society 5.0 by maximizing the mix of methods in service and preaching.

The future leadership of the Church is facing quite a challenge. Generation Z has many advantages and uniqueness at a relatively young age. They have a hybrid life, equal and balanced between physical and virtual. Traditional churches will experience the problem of leadership training for Generation Z. The active role and practice of pastoral missions are needed in the development of Generation Z leadership because they have an excellent opportunity to become church leaders in the technological era. This article provides an update on the practice of church pastoral missions for forming Gen Z characters. What is the practice of local church pastoral missions in the formation of Gen Z leadership? And what strategies are used? Research objectives are: 1) Describe the practice of pastoral team missions in the formation of Gen Z leadership. 2) Describe the strategies used in the formation of the leadership. The research method is descriptive qualitative.

Purpose-This paper examines how the strategic adoption of social media, when aligned with institutional logics, fosters stakeholder engagement and builds trust. It introduces the Digital Engagement for Stakeholder Trust (DEST) Framework, which conceptualizes trust-building across six dimensions: transparency, communication effectiveness, customer feedback integration, brand visibility, knowledge sharing and privacy and security. Design/methodology/approach-The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a systematic literature review and a case study of HCL Technologies. A total of 78 peer-reviewed articles were systematically drawn, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were sourced from academic databases and documents related to HCL Technologies, collected from multiple secondary sources, including corporate reports, official communications, and digital content, with thematic coding applied for analysis. This methodology ensures both conceptual robustness and practical relevance in validating the DEST Framework. Findings-The study finds that organizations strategically aligning social media adoption with institutional logics such as civic accountability, regulatory compliance and normative expectations effectively foster stakeholder engagement and cultivate trust. The DEST Framework demonstrates that trust emerges through dimensions such as transparency, communication effectiveness and customer feedback integration. The case study of HCL technologies validates the framework, showcasing how cohesive digital strategies aligned with institutional logics enhance stakeholder relationships and organizational legitimacy. Research limitations/implications-This research advances digital engagement scholarship by developing the DEST Framework, which integrates institutional logics with social media strategies constructs to explain how stakeholder trust emerges in digitally mediated organizational contexts. Practical implications-The DEST Framework offers a strategic roadmap for organizations aiming to enhance stakeholder trust and engagement through social media, aligned with institutional logics. Social implications-By aligning social media strategies with societal norms and values such as transparency, participatory governance and ethical data stewardship organizations contribute to strengthening the social license to operate and public trust. Originality/value-This study has introduced the DEST Framework, an integrative model for aligning institutional logics with digital communication strategies, which fosters stakeholder trust. It conceptualizes how six key variables, transparency, communication effectiveness, customer feedback integration, brand visibility, knowledge sharing and privacy and security, collectively drive stakeholder trust in organizational contexts. A key contribution of this research lies in the integration of digital trust-building strategies, namely discursive, episodic, systemic and temporal strategies that offer a dynamic and multifaceted approach to understanding how trust is constructed, maintained and institutionalized over time in digital environments.

We build an occupational-choice general-equilibrium model with for-pro t rms, non-pro t organizations, and endogenous private warm-glow donations. Lack of monitoring on the use of funds implies that an increase of funds of the non-pro t sector (because of a higher income in the forpro t sector, a stronger preference for giving, or an in ow of foreign aid) worsens the motivational composition and performance of the non-pro t sector. We also analyze the conditions under which donors (through linking donations to the motivational composition of the non-pro t sector), nonpro ts themselves (through peer monitoring), or the government (using a tax-nanced public funding of non-pro ts) can eliminate the low-effectiveness equilibrium. We present supporting case-study evidence from developing-country NGO sector and humanitarian emergencies. (JEL: L31, D64, J24, D5) The editor in charge of this paper was Paola Giuliano. Acknowledgments: We thank Nicola Gennaioli and Paola Giuliano (co-editors), four anonymous referees,