History of Public Health

Comparto la edición de consulta de mi tesis de graduación, originalmente defendida en la Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral.

El trabajo aborda la planificación del recurso físico de salud en la Provincia de Santa Fe, con foco en las Estaciones Sanitarias Rurales proyectadas por Wladimiro Acosta y su adaptación a los modelos contemporáneos de atención sanitaria.

La investigación desarrolla una metodología de análisis e intervención sobre infraestructura sanitaria existente, articulando herramientas de planificación de OMS y OPS con criterios específicos de arquitectura hospitalaria, planificación territorial, programación funcional y diseño de establecimientos de salud.

Incluye además un relevamiento de las 56 Estaciones Sanitarias Rurales de la provincia y una propuesta de intervención aplicada al SAMCo Dr. Almicar Gorosito de la ciudad de Sunchales.

Aunque los datos estadísticos y normativos corresponden al período original de investigación (2008-2012), la metodología desarrollada mantiene vigencia como herramienta para el análisis y planificación de infraestructura sanitaria.

Espero que resulte de utilidad para arquitectos, planificadores sanitarios, estudiantes, investigadores y equipos técnicos vinculados a la gestión de recursos físicos de salud.

В статье предпринята попытка анализа становления и развития высшего исторического образования и студенчества Кыргызстана (Киргизской Советской Социалистической Республики) в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Исторические факультеты функционировали в первом вузе Кыргызстана – Киргизском государственном педагогическом институте (КГПИ; ныне – Кыргызский национальный университет им. Жусупа Баласагына), Ошском педагогическом учительском институте (ОшУИ; ныне – Ошский государственный университет) и Пржевальском учительском институте (ПрУИ; ныне – Иссык-Кульский государственный университет им. Касыма Тыныстанова). Актуальность исследования связана с отсутствием исследований в области исторического образования в советский период истории Кыргызстана. Изучение высшего образованиям Кыргызстана представлены трудами А. Каниметова, Р. Р. Айнекенова, С. Т. Табышалиева, В. М. Петровец, А. С. Сраждинова, С. Токтомышева, И. М. Скляр, Ч. М. Джакиповой, Т. Ф. Черноус и др. История исторических факультетов рассмотрена исследователями Б. М. Зима, Т. Н. Омурбековым. Однако историками Кыргызстана не рассматривалась история студенчества. Автором данной статьи предпринята попытка рассмотрения студенчества исторических факультетов в годы войны в аспекте советской повседневной жизни, с применением историко-системного метода и метода истории повседневности. В статье на основе разнообразных источников (неопубликованные архивные материалы) автор делает следующие выводы: в экстремальных условиях войны студенчество исторических факультетов Кыргызстана подверглось тяжелым испытаниям, жизнь вузов была подчинена интересам обороны страны. Кыргызстан и исторические факультеты вынуждено принимали эвакуированные вузы центральных городов СССР. Помимо учебы студенты занимались общественно-политической работой. Главной мотивацией для них служила помощь фронту. Студенты получали образование, читали лекции на оборонные темы, стойко переносили тяготы военного времени и как могли вносили свой вклад в победу в Великой Отечественной войне.

The physician and chemist Heinrich Mückter (1914-87) is widely known for his role in developing thalidomide at Grünenthal, whose market launch led to one of the most serious pharmaceutical scandals in history. Less scholarly attention has been paid, however, to his involvement in Nazi Germany's typhus control and vaccine research and production between 1942 and 1945. Drawing on a variety of historical sources, this article reconstructs his work at a delousing facility in the Białystok District and at the Institute for Typhus and Virus Research of the German Army High Command in Krakow under hygienist Hermann Eyer (1906-97). We show that Mückter participated in a racially framed typhus control programme and in ethically dubious vaccine production methods. He also conducted unethical and methodologically questionable vaccine experiments on human beings in Krakow, including underage test subjects and exploiting the structural vulnerability of the occupied Polish population. In addition, we reassess assumptions about cooperation between Eyer's Wehrmacht institute and the research station at Buchenwald concentration camp under SS physician Erwin Ding-Schuler (1912-45). Taken together, we argue that Mückter operated within a broader network of civilian and military scientists, health officials, and representatives of the pharmaceutical industry who accelerated the erosion of ethical boundaries in biomedical research and contributed to an exterminatory health and population policy in the occupied East. These practices, termed the 'Nazi typhus complex', reveal how preventive medicine, biomedical research, and exterminatory policies were intertwined in the context of an anti-Slavic war of annihilation and the Holocaust.

Environmental Protection and Ethnic Fears of Degeneration: Günther Schwab and the Ecological Right in Austria. This article examines the relationship between ecological movements and far-right ideologies in Austria. It focuses on Günther Schwab, a highly decorated environmental protection pioneer and writer, who is presented as an example of the ecological right combining völkisch ideologies, biologism, and social Darwinism with nature and environmental protection issues throughout the twentieth century. As well as looking at Schwab's involvement in National Socialism, the article shows how he integrated right-wing ecology into new environmental movements, such as the anti-nuclear movement, in the postwar period. This analysis of the long tradition of the ecological right aims to raise awareness that protecting nature and the environment has never been exclusively the domain of the left, but that right-wing actors have also been involved.

Este trabajo ofrece una aclaración historiográfica y metodológica sobre el uso del concepto de “introducción” de la vacuna antivariólica en la Nueva España a comienzos del siglo XIX. La contribución se presenta como una nota analítica en el marco de la historiografía dedicada a la circulación temprana del fluido vacunal anterior a la llegada de la Real Expedición Filantrópica de la Vacuna.
Sin disputar cronologías empíricas, autorías individuales ni prioridades locales, el objetivo del texto es delimitar con mayor precisión los distintos planos analíticos que suelen quedar englobados bajo el empleo general del término “introducción”. A partir del examen de documentación administrativa virreinal y de la historiografía especializada, se propone distinguir entre tres procesos históricamente diferenciados: la llegada material del fluido vacunal, las primeras prácticas clínicas documentadas y la articulación administrativa de la vacunación.
Esta distinción permite integrar de manera coherente evidencias procedentes de contextos locales diversos —puertos, capital virreinal y jurisdicciones periféricas— sin incurrir en contradicciones cronológicas ni en jerarquizaciones basadas exclusivamente en la precedencia temporal. Al precisar estos niveles analíticos, el trabajo contribuye a una comprensión más matizada de los procesos tempranos de vacunación antivariólica en la Nueva España, y propone un marco conceptual de alcance comparativo para la historia de la medicina y de la salud en el mundo hispánico.

Prima di affrontare il tema specifico del nostro contributo, risulta utile tracciare un quadro sommario della società, dell' economia, delle istituzioni e del territorio di Terranuova, ponendo l'attenzione su alcuni dei principali caratteri che ne marcano l' evoluzione durante i primi due secoli dell'Età moderna.

Buku Ajar Manajemen Tuberkulosis (Diagnosis, Pengobatan, dan Pencegahan) menyajikan gambaran menyeluruh mengenai upaya penanggulangan tuberkulosis secara terpadu. Modul ini membahas konsep dasar tuberkulosis, manajemen kasus, strategi pengobatan, serta langkah-langkah pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi. Selain itu, modul ini menguraikan pengelolaan program tuberkulosis yang mencakup perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pemantauan, dan evaluasi, didukung oleh manajemen sumber daya manusia, logistik, dan keuangan. Disusun dengan bahasa yang jelas dan sistematis, modul ini diharapkan dapat menjadi panduan praktis bagi tenaga kesehatan dan pengelola program dalam meningkatkan efektivitas penanganan tuberkulosis secara berkelanjutan.

This chapter explores recent trends in the protection of cultural heritage during armed conflict. It emphasizes the shift from norm-making to implementation, highlighting the development of synergies between different branches of international law and the growing importance of practical mechanisms for safeguarding cultural heritage in times of war.

Cette contribution étudie la réception de deux extraits poétiques chez Macrobe (Sat. 3,8,5-7), issus de Callimaque et de Pacuvius, en analysant les procédés énonciatifs par le biais desquels ces citations s’insèrent dans le discours. Elle aborde ensuite les modalités de transmission des informations rapportées par Macrobe dans les sources gréco-latines parallèles (Varro ling. 7,34 ; Serv. auct. Aen. 11,534 ; Serv. Aen. 11,558 ; Paul. Fest. 82 L ; Schol. A.R. 1,917 ; Schol. Lycophr. 162 etc.). Enfin, la comparaison des citations de Callimaque et de Pacuvius avec les autres attestations de ces poètes dans les Saturnales met en évidence la diversité des voies par lesquelles Macrobe a eu accès aux extraits poétiques qui émaillent son œuvre. Cette approche permet d’illustrer les relations d’interdépendance propres à l’exégèse antique et de souligner l’importance du contexte citant dans la transmission d’extraits littéraires et de doctrines savantes, facteurs décisifs pour l’étude et la reconstitution de textes fragmentaires.

В статье рассматривается, как российские психиатры в конце XIX — начале XX века внедряли систему нестестения(non-restraint) в психиатрических больницах, стремясь отказаться от использования любых насильственных мер
вотношении пациентов. Нестеснениестало одним из центральных принципов профессиональной идеологии психиатров, которые строили свою идентичность на основе гуманистических ценностей и помощи больным. Однако эти идеалы вступали в противоречие с реалиями психиатрических больниц, в которых регулярно фиксировались случаи насилия служащих над пациентами. Исследование основано на материалах периодической печати, докладах и выступлениях психиатров, официальных отчетах и больничных архивах, воспоминаниях врачей, санитаров и медсестер.

The article presents the Presidential Castle in Wisła as an anthropological place. When viewed as a type of a text, this architectural structure set within a particular space is filled with a range of meanings conferred on it by its architects/builders and its owners/users. It is also a narration about the history of the Castle itself and about the history of the people who lived in and near it. The history of the structure, although relatively short, is abundant in significant events which resulted in a change of ownership, the most important of them being the World Wars I and II and the birth of the 3 rd Republic of Poland. These changes evoke a reflection as to what the Castle really is and what its true significances might be. Here, the focus is mainly on the period following World War I.

Artykuł jest poświęcony Zamkowi Prezydenta w Wiśle, na który autorka spojrzy jako na miejsce antropologiczne.
Zamek jako obiekt architektoniczny, wkomponowany w określoną przestrzeń, jest swoistym tekstem
wypełnionym znaczeniami nadanymi przez architektów-budowniczych, jego właścicieli, użytkowników. Jest
opowieścią, na którą składają się jego dzieje, historie zamieszkujących go ludzi, a także ludzi żyjących w jego
otoczeniu. Stosunkowo krótka historia tego obiektu obfituje w zdarzenia i następujące po nich zmiany właściciela,
które zmuszały do refleksji, czym Zamek w istocie jest i jaką funkcję ma spełniać. Te przełomowe
momenty są wyznaczane I i II wojną światową, oraz narodzinami III RP. W artykule zostanie zwrócona
uwaga na okres po zakończeniu I wojny światowej.

En este artículo se analiza la manera en que el discurso médico conceptualizó y representó a la homosexualidad cuando surge el VIH/SIDA en Costa Rica. Se hace una reflexión teórica en torno al tema de la sexualidad como objeto de estudio, y se problematizan las diferentes maneras con las cuales se nombra a los sujetos históricos, seguidamente se analizan los discursos periodísticos. La dinámica saber/poder secual se articula y se institucionaliza en el discurso médico a través de los medios de comunicación; ambas instituciones, junto a la Iglesia, jjugaron un papel fundamental en la progagaciónk de imágenes abyectas sobre la homosexualidad masculina, principalmente.

Pretende-se caracterizar a prestação de cuidados biomédicos em Angola durante a atividade da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola. Uma análise comparativa de políticas e práticas de saúde pública de vários atores coloniais, como os serviços de saúde da Companhia, sua congénere do Estado e outras empresas coloniais, revelará diferenças de investimento na saúde, isto é, instalações e pessoal de saúde, e tratamentos. Este escrutínio bem como as condições de vida iluminarão o carácter idiossincrático e central dos serviços de saúde da Companhia em termos de morbimortalidade em Angola, e a centralidade destes para as representações de um império cuidador.

Pretende-se caracterizar a prestação de cuidados biomédicos em Angola durante a atividade da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola. Uma análise comparativa de políticas e práticas de saúde pública de vários atores coloniais, como os serviços de saúde da Companhia, sua congénere do Estado e outras empresas coloniais, revelará diferenças de investimento na saúde, isto é, instalações e pessoal de saúde, e tratamentos. Este escrutínio bem como as condições de vida iluminarão o carácter idiossincrático e central dos serviços de saúde da Companhia em termos de morbimortalidade em Angola, e a centralidade destes para as representações de um império cuidador.

The Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, or Diamang, mined for diamonds in colonial Angola from 1917 until independence in 1975. The enterprise’s Health Services Division (SSD) was responsible for supplying mine managers with an African labour force comprised of healthy, and therefore productive, employees. In practice, though, this otherwise ‘healthy’ system did not always work. While SSD personnel attempted to fulfil their charge by implementing a series of screening measures, production targets and a scarcely-populated regional labour pool regularly prompted senior officials to compel the SSD to clear recruits who were otherwise unfit for mine service. Drawing upon interviews with former SSD staff and African labourers, as well as company and colonial archival sources, this article focuses on the interplay over time between the SSD, the company’s production demands and these labourers.

The paper traces the evolution of the public health measures taken by the Greek state for its protection from the spread of epidemic diseases, particularly plague and cholera, from abroad, and the development of the network of health authorities during the nineteenth century. In the article, use is made for the first time of the whole of the public health legislation of the Greek state during the period 1821–1909 (more than 1,700 laws, decrees, and circulars) on its protection from the spread of epidemic diseases. In contrast with the meagre accounts in the international bibliography, which represents the public health policy of the Greek state as having been fixed, unchanging, and centred simply on the use of quarantine as a protective measure, this study draws attention to the active, constantly changing, and dynamic policy which was followed during the nineteenth century.

This research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF) through the Operational Programme «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning 2014-2020» in the context of the project “Geography of Surveillance. Lazarettos and Quarantine Services in the Greek State, 1821-1923” (MIS 5050159).” [https://www.ims.forth.gr/en/project/view?id=201]. The publication of the article in OA mode was financially supported by HEAL-Link.

Με αφορμή την Παγκόσμια Ημέρα Περιβάλλοντος (5/6), το Πολιτιστικό Ίδρυμα Ομίλου Πειραιώς και το Ινστιτούτο Ιστορικών Ερευνών του Εθνικού Ιδρύματος Ερευνών (ΙΙΕ/ΕΙΕ) συνδιοργανώνουν την 11η κατά σειρά Διημερίδα Ιστορίας Περιβάλλοντος, με τίτλο «Αγροτικά μεσογειακά τοπία», την Πέμπτη 4 και την Παρασκευή 5 Ιουνίου 2026 (ώρες 10:00-16:00), στο κτήριο του Ιδρύματος στον Ταύρο.

Η οπτική των ετήσιων Διημερίδων Ιστορίας Περιβάλλοντος εστιάζει κάθε φορά σε μία από τις παραμέτρους αιχμής της σχέσης ανθρώπου-περιβάλλοντος, συμβάλλοντας στην ιστορικοποίησή της. Η σύγχρονη βιβλιογραφία θεωρεί ότι μία από τις σημαντικότερες παραμέτρους στη συγκρότηση των μεσογειακών αγροτικών κοινωνιών και οικονομιών στη διαχρονία υπήρξε η διαχρονική τρωτότητα απέναντι σε περιβαλλοντικές κρίσεις, άλλοτε βραχύβιες και άλλοτε παρατεταμένες.

Στην επιστημονική αυτή συνάντηση εξετάζονται, μέσα από γενικότερες θεωρήσεις αλλά και μελέτες περίπτωσης, οι τρόποι με τους οποίους οι αγροτικές κοινωνίες και οικονομίες συγκρότησαν τη «μεσογειακότητά» τους και επιχείρησαν να αντιμετωπίσουν την περιβαλλοντική τρωτότητα. Απώτερος στόχος είναι να διακριθούν οι μηχανισμοί μέσω των οποίων παλαιότερες κοινωνίες πέτυχαν την ανθεκτικότητά τους στον χρόνο.

Οι ανακοινώσεις που περιλαμβάνονται στο πρόγραμμα εργασιών της Διημερίδας, μέσω των οποίων επιδιώκονται τόσο η διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση στο πλαίσιο της Ιστορίας Περιβάλλοντος, όσο και η διαχρονική εξέταση των φαινομένων, εστιάζουν ιδιαίτερα στις μεσογειακές περιοχές της ελληνικής χερσονήσου (ενδοχώρας και νησιωτικών αγροτικών συστημάτων), ενώ παρέχουν και συγκριτικές θεωρήσεις ομόλογων παραδειγμάτων. Με την αξιοποίηση αρχειακών, αρχαιολογικών και άλλων πηγών της έρευνας επιδιώκεται η ανασύνθεση μεσογειακών τοπίων και η παρακολούθηση τοπιακών μετασχηματισμών.

Há termos na história da medicina que hoje nos causam desconforto. Soam ultrapassados, autoritários, por vezes até perigosos. Palavras como miasmas, polícia médica ou higienismo foram, ao longo do tempo, sendo relegadas a um campo quase pejorativo. No entanto, muitas dessas ideias-hoje criticadas ou mesmo ridicularizadasdesempenharam papel decisivo na construção da saúde pública moderna. Talvez seja útil revisitá-las antes de condená-las. Durante séculos, a falta de conhecimento sobre a transmissão das doenças levou à crença de que vapores malignos-os chamados miasmas-eram responsáveis pelas enfermidades que assolavam sobretudo as cidades. A teoria dos miasmas, dominante desde a Idade Média, estabelecia uma relação direta entre doença e ambiente insalubre. Ainda que equivocada quanto ao mecanismo, não estava inteiramente errada em sua intuição: havia, de fato, uma ligação entre condições sanitárias precárias e adoecimento. Essa concepção começou a ruir a partir de 1854, quando o médico inglês John Snow, em um trabalho que hoje se reconhece como fundacional da epidemiologia, identificou a origem de uma epidemia de cólera em uma fonte de água contaminada em Londres. Com Snow-e, logo depois, com os trabalhos de Pasteur e Koch-consolidou-se a teoria dos germes, deslocando o foco dos "maus ares" para os microrganismos.

This paper explores the historical process that created a specific understanding of and responses to atopic dermatitis(AD) in Korea. AD hardly has a status of an environmental disease in other societies but it is a representative environmental disease in South Korea in connection with various environmental pollutants, most notably with endocrine disrupting chemicals. This understanding of AD as an environmental disease led to an unprecedented legislation of the Environmental Health Act of 2008, a broad environmental health law with the precautionary principle and the focus on human aspect of environmental problems. In line with the growing body of works that articulate the roles of the public and culture in regulatory process, this paper argues that both the understanding of and the regulatory responses to AD owe greatly to the knowledge and political practice of the public, especially that of the ‘Atopy moms’. Their knowledge practice that creatively appropriated scientific uncertainty regarding AD brought unexpected epistemological and political alliances, respectively with alternative medicine and with organic coop movement and an emergent political party and generated enough dynamics for the legislation of the EHA.

n the first decades of the twentieth century, a shift in thinking about children as consumers took place, especially in the United States. Central to this turnaround was the rise of the middle class, which came to view children-most of whom were being liberated from labor-as "wondrous innocents" whose "cuteness" and "vulnerability" required parental protection. 1 Within this new context, doting mothers were expected to instruct children in making "proper" decisions about their toys, dolls, or books in a commercializing world. Children, obligated to act out "cute" roles, would often flee the domestic environment in which much of this parent-mediated mode of consumption played out. They found refuge in spaces that the parental gaze struggled to penetrate and in working-class notions of "cool," contravening the "cute" world into which adults wanted to propel children. David Nasaw has demonstrated how working-class children in particular fled the adult gaze and became knowledgeable consumers whose activities in such places as nickelodeons and penny arcades commanded the respect of adult proprietors. A comparable phenomenon could be seen in Japan over a similar period. Mark Jones noted the emergence of the ideal of "children as treasure" among office workers, civil servants, doctors, and teachers-the new middle classwho agonized over the exposure of their children to the outside world. Responsibility for keeping watch over children, as in the United States, lay with mothers. Advocating modern venues of consumption, such as the department store, child experts encouraged mothers to purchase "proper" toys, books, and clothes that would shield their loved ones from the shadow of the future. Public places such as kindergartens, playgrounds, and libraries were also built, offering children "an ideal world of play, free from social restrictions and the pressures of the world outside its walls and fences." 4 Much of the attraction behind

A preocupação do Estado colombiano com a saúde da população significou configurar, desde 1886, todo um aparato de ciência médica que garantisse a sustentabilidade de uma força física nacional e sustentasse a produção e a capacidade de trabalho. Foi assim que esta preocupação estatal, com a saúde, estabeleceu um discurso higiénico que se difundiu, especialmente durante a primeira metade do século XX, e que se reflectiu em abundante literatura, manuais e compêndios, relacionados com a obrigação que os indivíduos tinham de cuidar de a sua saúde, a da sua família e, consequentemente, o bem-estar do país. Dessa forma, as questões de higiene e limpeza passaram a ocupar um lugar preferencial na escola, espaço onde o médico e o professor, apesar das diferenças, trabalhavam pela saúde dos escolares.

This paper develops a transdisciplinary argument across pharmacology, ethnobotany, political philosophy, and public health history to examine how nicotine and ethanol underwent a process of industrial inversion that stripped both of their original ecological and ritual contexts. It reviews empirical evidence for nicotine's modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and ethanol's acute GABAA potentiation alongside its chronic induction of neuroinflammation and immunosuppression. Drawing on Foucauldian biopolitics and Mbembe's necropolitics, the work conceptualises 'Biochemical Governance' as the deliberate state-corporate engineering of neurochemical dependency, shifting psychoactive substances from ancestral tools of collective integration to atomising instruments of population-scale social control.

O poder da voz: para uma etnografia de reparação do passado colonial guineense A devolução do património cultural aos países de origem é um tema debatido globalmente, incluindo na relação entre Portugal e as suas ex-colónias. Este artigo apresenta resultados de um trabalho de campo etnomuseológico na Guiné-Bissau, realizado ao longo de quatro anos, para entender a relação do povo guineense com o seu património cultural. Centrada nas vozes dos guineenses, a pesquisa propõe a reparação como gesto político, baseada em apoio financeiro e capacitação de recursos humanos. Analisa-se a história das coleções museológicas recolhidas por portugueses durante o período colonial, recorrendo à etnografia para desafiar a narrativa ocidental dominante. Apesar da importância da restituição material, a sociedade guineense não a considera prioridade imediata -muitos defendem a criação prévia de condições, como museus e formação especializada. O artigo não apresenta soluções, mas perspetivas de análise sobre como o passado colonial é vivido quotidianamente na Guiné-Bissau. Palavras-chave: património cultural, Guiné-Bissau, colonialismo, vozes. The restitution of cultural heritage to countries of origin is a globally debated issue, including in Portugal's relationship with its former colonies. This article presents results of four years of ethnomusicological fieldwork in Guinea-Bissau, examining the relationship of the Guinean people with their cultural heritage. Focused on Guinean voices, the research proposes reparation as a political gesture rooted in financial support and human resource training. The study examines museum collections gathered by the Portuguese during the colonial period, amplifying local voices through ethnographic methods to challenge dominant Western narratives. Despite the importance of material restitution, Guinean society does not view it as an immediate priority -many argue for first establishing conditions such as museums and specialized training. The article offers no solutions, but rather perspectives on how the colonial past is experienced daily in Guinea-Bissau.

Il y a 800 ans, en juin 1226, le roi de France Louis VIII, accompagné du légat Romain Bonaventure et à la tête d'une armée de croisade, mettait le siège devant Avignon située pourtant en terre d'Empire. La reddition de la ville à la fin de l'été précipita la conclusion de la croisade contre les Albigeois et marqua le début d'une présence capétienne durable dans le Midi. Ce colloque entend réévaluer la portée de l'événement, longtemps minoré dans l'historiographie française et pourtant très présent dans les récits contemporains, bien au-delà d'Avignon et de sa région. Entre le royaume et l'empire La croisade de 1226 et le siège d'Avignon

This international and interdisciplinary conference brings to a close the activities of the grant team "Pursuing Public Health in the Preindustrial World, 1100-1800." Beyond the team itself, it involves a dozen scholars working across health history, history of science and technology, religion, archaeology and landscape in areas covering Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean and East and Southeast Asia.

The conference will be both remote and in-person (Monash Uni, Caulfield Campus, Melbourne). Attendance is free but requires registration:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSepi3TQCdMUUsGSOI_TVbw4UKIGfReuVeNvQOKfo21EkBpS6Q/viewform

Convener
Guy Geltner, Monash University

Keynote Speaker
Pamela H. Smith, Columbia University

Smallpox virus is the most lethal pathogen known to mankind. It has annihilated millions of lives for many centuries, thereby shaping kingdoms, culture, and economies. Fortunately, the WHO eliminated the scourge globally in 1980 via widespread vaccination efforts. However, there were many impediments to smallpox campaigns before its final eradication in many local populations. In this light, we examine the role of Indigenous vaccinators in Yorubaland between 1925 and 1955. By deploying relevant annual colonial medical records, we discovered that some Indigenous vaccines in Yorubaland used an aggressive approach in their conduct. This, in turn, determined public response. Thus, we argue that the unprofessional conduct of some local vaccinators partly undermined the reliability of vaccination data, which shaped outcomes during the era. This historical article illustrates the connections between vaccinations and vaccinators in the context of epidemic disease management and prophylaxis. This work could be invaluable in evaluating post-modern vaccination procedures and processes to improve efficient and effective disease management and prevention.

Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-No Comercial-Compartir igual (CC BY-NC.SA 4.0), que permite compartir y adaptar siempre que se cite adecuadamente la obra, no se utilice con fines comerciales y se comparta bajo las mismas condiciones que el original.

Il y a 800 ans, en juin 1226, le roi de France Louis VIII, accompagné du légat Romain Bonaventure et à la tête d'une armée de croisade, mettait le siège devant Avignon située pourtant en terre d'Empire. La reddition de la ville à la fin de l'été précipita la conclusion de la croisade contre les Albigeois et marqua le début d'une présence capétienne durable dans le Midi. Ce colloque entend réévaluer la portée de l'événement, longtemps minoré dans l'historiographie française et pourtant très présent dans les récits contemporains, bien au-delà d'Avignon et de sa région. Entre le royaume et l'empire La croisade de 1226 et le siège d'Avignon

The practice of medicine in Muslim nations dates to the millennia before the advent of the religion of Islam. As far as the pre-Islamic period is concerned, what evidence is available indicates the medical evolution began nearly 6000 years ago in Mesopotamia, where medicine for the first time in history became a recognised profession. In ancient Egypt, it was practised by priest-physicians who demonstrated astonishing knowledge in various medical subjects. The origins of medicine in ancient Persia (Afghanistan, Iran, and parts of Central Asia) span the 6 th century B.C. and to the Zoroastrian religious book of Avesta, which delved into such topics as preventive and clinical medicine. In reference to the account of medicine in the Arab peninsula, limited information exists. In terms of post-Islamic ages, the foundations of Islamic science were laid during the reign of the second Abbasid Caliph, al-Mansur, and the establishment of Baghdad as its capital in 762 A.D., when the Arabic translation movement commenced. During the next six centuries, medicine and other fields of science flourished, and prominent physicians such as the Bukht Yishu family, Râzī, Majūsī, Avicenna, Jorjânī, Al-Zahrāwī, and other scientists emerged. In both the pre-and post-Islamic ages, Islamic medicine was heavily influenced by Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Persian, Indian, and, predominantly, Greek medicine. Nevertheless, the advancements and innovations in

The entire contents of this journal, CEDRUS: The Journal of Mediterranean Civilizations Studies, is open to users and it is an 'open access' journal. Users are able to read the full texts, to download, to copy, print and distribute without obtaining the permission of the editor and author(s). However, all references to the articles published in the e-journal Cedrus are to indicate through reference the source of the citation from this journal. CEDRUS: The Journal of Mediterranean Civilizations Studies is a peer-reviewed journal and the articles which have had their peer reviewing process completed will be published on the web-site (journal.phaselis.org) in the year of the journal's issue (e.g. Issue XIV: January-December 2026). At the end of December 2026 the year's issue is completed.

Depuis la deuxième vague féministe, et le retentissement de la grève des prostituées de Saint-Nizier sur la scène médiatique internationale, en juin 1975 , la question prostitutionnelle occupe une place grandissante dans les sciences sociales et les études de genre, en France et par-delà. Dans le sillage tracé par Les Filles de noce d’Alain Corbin (1978 ), les travaux sur la prostitution féminine se sont multipliés : qu’il s’agisse d’étudier leur(s) histoire(s), leurs pratiques ou leurs représentations artistiques et littéraires, les travailleuses du sexe suscitent un intérêt d’autant plus grand que leur parole semble se libérer. La littérature critique qui porte aujourd’hui sur l’œuvre de Grisélidis Réal, de Nelly Arcan ou de Virginie Despentes (pour ne citer que trois exemples) atteste d’un double intérêt pour le fait prostitutionnel et la manière dont il est vécu par ses actrices. Aussi leurs écrits ont-ils acquis une valeur scientifique inédite, corollaire au développement des épistémologies féministes et à la valorisation des savoirs situés : les œuvres écrites par les femmes concernées ne portent-elles pas un éclairage original – incarné, partiel, autrement objectif –, à côté des enquêtes sociologiques ou documentaires, sur leur propre trajectoire ? C’est le point de vue que défend l’écrivaine et activiste étasunienne Kate Millett dès 1971, dans La Prostitution. Quatuor pour voix féminines :
"Pour mener à bien mon projet – écrire sur la prostitution – j’avais le choix : inventer moi-même quelque chose, en ne sachant rien du sujet, faire du remplissage en allant chercher la matière dans les livres, ou me lancer dans une entreprise longue et difficile, celle qui consistait à trouver des femmes susceptibles de m’enseigner ce que j’ignorais."
Ces acquis théoriques, s’ils valent pour la prostitution féminine, ne paraissent pas avoir bénéficié à l’étude des versants masculins du phénomène. Tant les travailleurs du sexe que leur production littéraire restent sous-représentés dans les travaux sur la/les prostitution/s. Après l’histoire et la sociologie, les études culturelles ont, certes, commencé à s’emparer de la question, mais la littérature – francophone, en particulier – reste un terrain peu exploré par les spécialistes . En repartant d’un texte ultra-contemporain, Photo sur demande (Stock, 2025), dans lequel Simon Chevrier transpose en autofiction son expérience de l’ « escorting  » en ligne (ou prostitution sur internet), je me propose d’examiner comment des auteurs eux-mêmes acteurs du travail du sexe contribuent non seulement à faire évoluer l’imaginaire du trottoir, mais aussi celui du genre et des sexualités. Cette parole-expérience, par opposition à une parole-fantasme, tenue par des auteur·ices qui ne pratiquent pas la prostitution (observateur·rices ou client·es par exemple), remet-elle en question les représentations traditionnelles, communément féminines, du « plus vieux métier du monde » ? Pour répondre à cette interrogation, il s’agira ici
- de réinscrire Photo sur demande dans son contexte de production (à la fois matériel et idéologique), d’abord (1) ;
- de décrire la manière dont l’auteur entend se réapproprier des représentations (sociales et littéraires) qui lui préexistent, ensuite (2) ;
- d’évaluer combien le texte participe, dans sa réception auprès du public, à resignifier la « prostitutionnalité  » (soit ce qui se dit et s’écrit sur la prostitution dans un état de société donné), enfin (3).
Sur la base d’un cas précis – un roman personnel –, j’essaierai donc de déterminer si l’accès au champ littéraire et, plus spécifiquement, la création poétique (l’« écriture  » au sens où l’entend Roland Barthes, soit un travail des formes et des contenus culturels) permettent aux travailleurs du sexe de déconstruire les stéréotypes et les préjugés dont ils sont la cible et, à plus forte raison, d’œuvrer à leur émancipation individuelle et collective.

A segunda obra de misericórdia corporal, curar os enfermos, levou as Misericórdias a exercer uma atividade que ora se praticava dentro das portas dos seus hospitais, ora era levada a cabo em casa dos doentes, dependendo de cada uma, podendo ser igualmente praticada em simultâneo, embora com doentes diferentes.

This paper transnationally examines the crucial role of public health after the
collapse of the Habsburg Empire, focusing on the new borderlands around the Slovenian part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes: the “Rapallo Border” with the Italian Kingdom and the border with the Republic of German Austria, which cut through the former Duchies of Styria and Carinthia. Health and disease played central roles in redefining identities, legal affiliations, and trust-based relationships between civilians, physicians, and the new “successor states”. This text offers a broader view of public health, moving beyond state-centred perspectives to include the “patient’s viewpoint” and the intimate doctor-patient relationship.

Este artigo examina a interseção entre gênero e a suscetibilidade à varíola durante a Idade Moderna, destacando como as construções sociais e culturais influenciaram as experiências e percepções das mulheres em relação à doença. A varíola, endêmica na Euro pa a partir do século XV, não apenas representou riscos significativos à saúde, mas também moldou dinâmicas sociais, especialmente no que diz respeito aos papéis e identidades femininas. Por meio de uma análise de textos históricos e práticas médicas, o es tudo revela como as normas de gênero predominantes e as teorias médicas, enraizadas na medicina humoral, contribuíram para a estigmatização e marginalização das mulheres. Em última análise, esta pesquisa ressalta a importância de compreender as dimensões s ociais das doenças e as maneiras pelas quais as experiências de gênero moldaram as narrativas de saúde pública ao longo da história.

This study focuses on developing an AI-powered adaptive learning platform to personalize Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for nurses at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) in Port Harcourt. The problem is exacerbated by limited resources, high workloads, and the diverse specializations within nursing at RSUTH. This study employs a mixed-methods research design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data collection strategies. A sample of 250 nurses and 15 nurse educators will be selected using stratified and purposive sampling techniques. Data will be gathered through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data from the questionnaires will be analyzed using descriptive statistics, specifically mean scores, to assess perceptions and identify trends. Qualitative data from interviews will undergo thematic analysis to extract deeper insights into experiences and needs. The study is anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as its theoretical framework, which guides the understanding of how perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use influence the adoption of the proposed AI platform. Findings are anticipated to reveal a significant gap in current CPD delivery and a strong readiness for a technologyenhanced, personalized learning solution. The study concludes that a tailored AI-driven platform can revolutionize CPD for nurses, leading to improved learning outcomes, enhanced clinical performance, and better patient care. Recommendations include the collaborative design of the platform with endusers, institutional support for implementation, and ongoing evaluation of its impact on nursing practice and patient safety indicators.

Comparative research conducted within folklore and shadow theater archives reveals numerous interconnections between the two fields. The protagonists' attire, the musical accompaniment of the 'berdes' (shadow screen), morphological features, and character archetypes —as well as recurring thematic aspects of the repertoire— constitute elements of folk culture inherent in the medium, while also serving as evidence of its Hellenization. Of particular interest are scripts that engage in a dialogue with folk tales. Despite research challenges posed by the performance's orality and the incomplete classification of Greek folktale types, recent theater studies and bibliography have begun to highlight these links. Notable examples include reflections of folktale types AT(U) 930, 1920C/852, and 1960D/G in Karagiozis plays such as "Fate is Inescapable", "The Pumpkin", "The Biggest Lie", and "The Two Merchants"/"The wine/ouzo", respectively.
In certain instances, the identification of a folktale type within the Karagiozis universe overturns the previous assumption that it had not survived in the Greek oral tradition. A case in point is the survival of AT(U) 1586Β (“The Fine for Assault”) in a Karagiozis script, traditionally performed either as a short play (''The Fine for Slaps''), or as a prologue, epilogue, or interpolated segment. The identification, structural analysis, and evaluation of this phenomenon lead to conclusions regarding the re-appropriation of oral folk culture through diverse performative facets

This work reframes the history of Mamlūk-era Cairo through the critical lens of water management, examining the complex interplay between environmental factors and socio-economic realities. Rather than viewing water disposition as a static constraint, this study reveals the multiple, adaptive ways in which urban society lived with and was fundamentally shaped by the city’s hydraulic environment.
The research illuminates the vast network of stakeholders involved in supplying Cairo with water, ranging from the sultans and their administration to humble water carriers. Based on nine detailed case studies, largely developed from previously unedited documents housed in the Cairo National Archive, this dissertation moves beyond the idea of a single, centralised system. Instead, it uncovers a set of intertwined and sometimes competing water management networks, revealing the dynamic interactions and lived experiences of water in the medieval city.

Il 20 aprile 1757 il Senato decretò lo spostamento del governo veneziano di Cefalonia dalla Fortezza di San Giorgio al porto di Argostoli. La storica capitale dell’isola, nonostante la sua posizione strategica, si trovava a 6 miglia dal mare, era di difficile accesso e non rispondeva più alle esigenze della popolazione e delle autorità. Argostoli era il centro della vita economica dell'isola, con strutture portuali organizzate, uffici doganali, consolari e commerciali, un Ufficio di Sanità ed un lazzaretto. Ai tempi del trasferimento esistevano già notevoli edifici privati dove i rappresentanti veneziani si stabilirono temporaneamente in attesa della costruzione di residenze, edifici per ospitare la segreteria veneziana, la camera fiscale, la sala del consiglio della comunità e gli alloggi per i soldati e gli ufficiali della guarnigione.

Kavala, the center of the tobacco economy in the Balkans since the 18th century, was the second, after Thessaloniki, port city in northern Greece to which waves of refugees were directed after the "Asia Minor Catastrophe". The local society then experienced a situation disproportionate to its previous experiences in the reception and integration of refugees. The thousands of people who took refuge there for two years (1922-1924) far exceeded the existing population and lived under miserable sanitary conditions in an urban environment with historically limited possibilities. At the same time, the case of Kavala during the two years in question constitutes a first historical example of efforts to supervise and control health by supranational bodies, as the sanitary situation of the city had at that time attracted the attention of international institutions. These are, of course, manifestations of a policy that dates back to the years of World War I and was founded on the conditions that the Allied Powers had imposed on the wider region. This study examines, based on both qualitative and quantitative data, initially the housing, hygiene and care conditions of refugees in Kavala and then the mortality and diseases in the city, from 1918 to 1924, with emphasis on the refugees of the two-year period 1922-1924.

Il volume ripercorre le tappe principali della Provincia napoletana della Compagnia di Gesù - dal suo insediamento nel Regno fino all’espulsione del 1767 - legandole sia alle vicende dell’ordine, sia alle specificità del contesto politico e sociale meridionale. Lo studio evidenzia, in una prospettiva di lunga durata, le strategie organizzative attraverso le quali i gesuiti hanno risposto alle sfide incontrate negli spazi dove desideravano mettere radici. Viene, di conseguenza, posta una particolare attenzione ai rapporti di potere; alle battaglie religiose e culturali nonché al peculiare ruolo di religiosi-baroni dei feudi lucani di Latronico e Policoro. Il volume illustra non solo lo sfoggio di ambizioni, ma le crisi interne e le inquietudini internazionali che hanno tracciato il destino di una delle più vaste Province dell’ordine nella penisola italiana, mostrando come la storia della Compagnia di Gesù dialoghi e si intrecci indissolubilmente con le grandi trasformazioni del suo tempo. Emerge così un mosaico che si arricchisce anche dopo la soppressione dell’ordine e la tempesta rivoluzionaria, attraverso le tessere degli ex gesuiti privati della loro casa comune e in cerca di un approdo definitivo.