Museum Management

В статье я рассматриваю музеи нового поколения стран Персидского залива - от Национального музея Заида и Национального музея Катара до Лувра Абу-Даби и Музея будущего в Дубае. Меня интересовало, как современная музейная архитектура, технологии и экспозиционные решения становятся инструментами формирования национальной идентичности, культурной дипломатии и международного имиджа государства.
Сегодня музеи по всему миру уже не только пространства хранения и показа коллекций, но и важный культурный, образовательный и общественный центр, отражающий представления общества о своём прошлом, настоящем и будущем.

Resumo: O relato de experiência tem por objetivo apresentar os recursos de acessibilidade à informação e à fruição cultural empregados na Exposição Itinerante Patrimônios de Pernambuco, difundida pela Fundação do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico de Pernambuco. A pesquisa, de caráter exploratório, utilizou análise documental e observação direta da exposição, com foco nos dispositivos de acessibilidade física, comunicacional e informacional. Os resultados demonstram a adoção de recursos como Libras, audiodescrição, braille, legendas e mediação inclusiva, promovendo a participação de pessoas com deficiência nas ações de educação patrimonial. Conclui-se que a exposição representa um avanço na democratização do acesso à cultura no estado, reafirmando o papel da acessibilidade como fundamento para o exercício da cidadania cultural e valorização da diversidade.

This study investigates the management of university museum systems in Italy and traces their historical development, focusing on the University of Pisa, one of the first institutions to adopt this organizational approach. While the common definition ‘museum systems’ seems to imply a uniform management model, this research highlights the presence of several administrative variations within this framework. The paper conducts an analysis of each model, assessing their strengths and weaknesses.
The program of our university, started in 1982 by the Commission for University Museums, resulted in the creation of the current Museum System in 2012, which involved Marilina Betrò in the role of first President. The article summarizes the research conducted during the author’s PhD at the IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca between 2011 and 2013. The content has been updated to reflect changes up until 08/30/2023.

Through a publication in the Press dated 28.
2.1901, the handwritten reports of the chemist
Othon Rhousopoulos dated 1903 and 1908 and
a handwritten request of the special technician
Ioannis Papanikolaou dated 1904, which are kept
in the Historical Archive of the Directorate for the
Management of the National Archives of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture, the present paper presents the difficult financial situation of the latter
and the inappropriate working conditions that
prevailed at the National Archaeological Museum
during the conservation work of the bronze finds
from Antikythera in the beginning of the 20th c.

The conservation of cultural heritage is highly influenced by environmental factors, including chemical and biological air quality and microclimatic conditions. Understanding their combined effects is essential for developing preventive conservation strategies. This study focuses on the indoor air quality in the King's Apartment in the Royal Palace of Turin (Italy), a historic building lacking airconditioning systems, where a multidisciplinary approach was applied to assess the conservation environment. Continuous monitoring of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10), temperature and relative humidity was performed between March 2024 and July 2025 using portable sensors; aerobiological analyses were carried out through active and passive sampling, while volatile compounds were identified via SPME-GC/MS. Pollutants and biological monitoring revealed fluctuations influenced by microclimatic variations and spatial position. Notably, results showed that one room exhibited the highest levels of concern across all monitoring activities, representing the most vulnerable environment. The use of a multidisciplinary approach enabled a comprehensive understanding of the environmental conditions affecting the King's Apartment, highlighting the relevance of collaboration in heritage science to guide evidence-based preventive conservation strategies.

La Commissione tecnologie digitali per il patrimonio culturale di ICOM Italia si occupa di tutti gli aspetti che riguardano gli ambiti del digitale. Nel corso degli anni la Commissione si è occupata attraverso incontri, conferenze e riunioni di favorire il confronto fra professionisti e istituzioni sui temi legati alle tecnologie digitali con lo scopo di mettere in evidenza la trasversalità e la pervasività del digitale.  La Pandemia ha messo ancora di più in luce i limiti e le potenzialità della relazione tra musei e digitale. La grande spinta dei musei verso la comunicazione e fruizione digitale ha offerto nuovi spunti di approfondimento e riflessione. Durante il primo periodo di lockdown si è formato un gruppo di lavoro composto da diversi professionisti e ricercatori, che ha iniziato una riflessione su alcuni temi legati alla digitalizzazione.  L’indagine realizzata da questo gruppo di lavoro, a differenza della maggior parte delle indagini che si sono svolte durante la Pandemia, utilizza una metodologia differente di tipo qualitativo e quantitativo su un campione di musei italiani eterogenei dal punto di vista tipologico, economico, statuario e geografico. La scelta di questo tipo di indagine ha consentito di approfondire maggiormente alcuni aspetti perché è stato possibile indagare verticalmente alcuni temi del sistema digitale nei musei emersi anche nelle indagini che abbiamo menzionato in precedenza. Sebbene i dati di questa ricerca vengano pubblicati quando l’emergenza pandemica si è allentata e molti musei hanno ripreso l’attività tradizionale, fotografano la situazione di musei e digitale in un dato momento storico e rimangono, in modo particolare per la metodologia utilizzata, un interessante riferimento di confronto per indagini successive.

a cura di
lenia Atzori, Camilla Ballor, Nicola Barbuti, Elisa Bonacini, Paolo
Clini, Mauro Debari, Marco Faccini, Laura Farroni, Fiorella Fiore, Giulia
Genova, Edi Guerzoni, Valeria Magliano, Donato Maniello, Marina
Mannucci, Anna Maria Marras, Alfonsina Pagano, Maria Riccardi, Cettina
Santagati, Patrizia Schettino, Andrea Tonelli.

House museums represent a distinct type of cultural heritage monument, distinguished by their authenticity as memorial sites associated with notable individuals or co-creators. The fundamental design of such memorial sites originates from spaces defined by natural and humanistic
characteristics. These spaces, globally stable yet constantly changing in details, hold significant potential for preserving the link between the past and the present. Experiencing the space where historical events occurred enhances the understanding of their true value and thus objectifying potential memory. This underscores the important social and political role of house museums, which indirectly influence the relationship with the local community, the preservation of collective memory and heritage in
its original environment. In Slovenia, the most common type of house museums are those associated with notable personalities and are categorised as representative historical houses. The first publicly accessible house museum in Slovenia, converted in 1939 in Vrba, was the birthplace of Slovenia’s greatest poet – France Prešeren. Subsequent house museums followed the musealisation concept implemented in Prešeren’s birthplace by Fran Saleški Finžgar. However, there is a lack of museological research and studies related to house museums in Slovenia, which affects their naming and evaluation, as the distinction between individual houses remains unclear. Various terms such as ‘house museum’, ‘memorial house’, ‘birth house’, ‘literary museum’, ‘historical house’, ‘biographical museum’, ‘ethnographic house’, ‘homestead’,
and ‘memorial room’ are used interchangeably, and these museums are often labelled as museums, open-air museums or monuments.
This research focuses on the management of house museums in Slovenia. A questionnaire was devised to be completed by the managers of thirty house museums, the aim of which was to: compile a list of all publicly accessible house museums in Slovenia, collect basic management information and, most importantly, examine cooperation between managers, museums, house owners, the Ministry of Culture, municipalities, Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage, and the interested public.

This article discusses the stages and results of the project to rehabilitate major museums in Tunisia, using the example of the archaeological museum in Sousse. It also examines the reasons behind this project and the problems encountered in its implementation. The project resulted in the construction of a new museum based on international museum standards and innovative display methods. However, several shortcomings were noted, related to construction in an archaeological space, exceeding the allocated budget, and difficulty in understanding the message of the exhibition.

This chapter presents an innovative computational method for detecting possible deception in the provenance texts of artworks. This is important because false ownership histories can conceal the kind of textual "red flags" that alert experts to potentially looted art. The first section presents the study's scope, context and approach to automating the detection of Nazi-looted art by analysing provenance texts and explains the urgency of solving the problem of deception. The second part presents provenance datasets, and a digital tool developed for counting words linked to unreliability, uncertainty or anonymity, which may indicate potentially deceptive language. The third part analyses the strengths and weaknesses of this methodology, exploring lessons learned. Benefits of the methodology described here include transparency, objectivity and replicability, as well as the generation of quantitative and Boolean metadata for artworks that can be fed into ranking applications, recommender systems, knowledge graphs, and AI, in order to potentially quantify deception within the art market. Challenges include optimization of ranking methods and the tension between open data and closed archives, which complicates the verification of the artworks flagged. The chapter concludes with opportunities for future developments in different domains.

Este artigo apresenta e discute o processo de elaboração do livro Espaços Públicos de Pelotas: Desenhos e Histórias, abordando desde sua concepção e desenvolvimento até as reflexões sob a ótica do patrimônio cultural. A obra representa uma experiência que mescla educação para o patrimônio e democratização do conhecimento científico. O projeto envolveu alunos de graduação na produção de textos e desenhos sobre espaços públicos em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, destacando sua importância histórica e cultural. O método incluiu a orientação dos alunos na elaboração do material, análise dos resultados e revisão e complementação do conteúdo. Por meio de ilustrações e narrativas simples, o livro busca envolver a comunidade local no reconhecimento e valorização dos espaços públicos abertos, ao mesmo tempo em que torna o conhecimento científico acessível a um público mais amplo. Assim, amplia-se a conscientização sobre o patrimônio e fortalece-se a conexão das pessoas com sua cidade, promovendo a aproximação entre a academia e a comunidade

Urban waterside is drawing attention as valuable open space and being discussed on its utilization for creating more attractive city. Among these, rowing activities, such as Stand Up Paddle boarding (SUP) is considered to have potential, but the relationship between these activities and urban waterside has not been discussed. The purpose of this research is to understand the situation of urban kayaking and SUP activities through the case studies of 4 groups and questionnaire survey for kayak and SUP users in order to find out the impact on raising awareness of participants . As a result, it became evident that urban kayaking and SUP activity groups provide safe access for people from kids to elderly to the urban rivers through establishing relationships with stakeholders such as local communities and governments. Besides, people participated in the urban rowing activity have raised their awareness to the river environment or local contribution, and some of them started to support these activities. In order to accelerate this positive cycle, public sector is expected to assemble information such as access points, safety guidance and activity groups while increasing access points through delegating the management of the access points/piers to activity groups.

The Ephorate of Antiquities of Pieria designs and implements educational programmes aimed at students, groups and the general public. Furthermore, it serves the inalienable right to disseminate knowledge and entertainment without social exclusion by implementing a number of actions in its archaeological sites. In specific, at the archaeological park of Dion, a route was created providing access to people with disabilities to the roman Odeum and an easy view of the Great Thermae Complex and the Agora of Dion. At the entrance of the park an exhibition was created concerning the roman Odeum with informative material in Braille writing, three-dimensional tangible representations and audio description. At the Museum of Dion, refugee children were welcomed by local students and were guided through the Museum. The aim of the event was to reinforce the interaction of the local children with the refugees, on the one hand, to familiarize the refugees with the ancient Greek culture, on the other hand, and to create a climate of coexistence and entertainment. Furthermore, a unique experience was offered to the visually impaired people of the Thessaloniki Blind Rehabilitation Center to familiarize with the exhibits of the temporary exhibition "Opening Roads", using tactile replicas of vessels and information in Braille writing. Finally, The Park of Leivithra, offers full physical and sensory access to all its premises and educational programmes to people with disabilities, through especially designed visiting routes, tactile and audio guided tours, relief map with Braille writing and website accessible to people with visual impairments (www.leivithrapark.gr). As to the Park's programmes, anniversary educational activities are being held during the annual "Deaf and Hearing in Action" Festival and the celebration of the "International White Cane Day". People with disabilities, as well as students of local and foreign "special abilities" schools have been participating in educational programmes concerning excavation techniques, handmade clay vessel construction, Olympus environmental and archaeological projects.

Koleksiyon yapmak, neredeyse herkes tarafından yapılabilen bir davranıştır. İnsanlık tarihi boyunca insanların yaptığı bu biriktirme eylemi, zaman içerisinde tarihi gizemlerin bizlere aktarıldığı bir koleksiyona dönüşmüştür. Bu çalışmada, bireysel koleksiyonculuğun ne olduğu, neden yapıldığı sorularına cevap aranmış ve bireysel koleksiyonculuğa örnek olarak Çanakkale Savaşı nesne koleksiyonu ele alınmıştır. Bu koleksiyonun bağlamında Türkiye'nin Çanakkale Savaşı nesneleri tek resmi koleksiyoncusu olan Seyit Ahmet Sılay ile görüşme yapılmış ve Sosyal Bilgiler ile kapsamına giren diğer derslerde bu nesnelerin eğitim öğretim boyutunda kullanım olanakları aranmıştır. Araştırma, temel nitel araştırma yöntemi ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu koleksiyoner Seyit Ahmet Sılay ve koleksiyonu oluşturmaktadır. Bu koleksiyonda asker hatıratları, günlükleri ve askeri belgelerden tüfek, tabanca, kurşun, bomba gibi savaş malzemelerine ve askerlerin gayri nizami olarak çeşitli inançları ya da alışkanlıkları dolayısıyla yanlarında bulundurdukları kolyeler, muskalar, haçlar ya da tütün tabakası, çakmak gibi kişisel eşyalara rastlamak da mümkündür. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ve gözlem aracılığıyla toplanan veriler, betimsel analize tabi tutularak yorumlanmış ve çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda, Türkiye Yüzyılı Yeni Maarif Modeli Sosyal Bilgiler dersi öğretim programına uygun nesne tabanlı örnek öğrenme etkinlikleri hazırlanmıştır.

PENCEREMİN DIŞINDAKİ RESİF –
BU BİR BİLİMSEL ELEŞTİRİ VE ETİK İHLALİ YAZISIDIR:
“Söylesem çare değil, sussam gönlüm razı olmuyor…”

Bu yazı üç katmanda ilerliyor:
Kişisel hikâye (müze, görevden alma, mobbing)
Kurumsal eleştiri (liyakat, yönetim, etik ihlaller)
Bilimsel itiraz (yapay resif, yanlış uygulamalar)

Metin, bir deniz bilimcinin çalıştığı kurumda uzmanlığının yok sayılması, liyakatsizlik ve bilimsel süreçlerin ihlal edilmesi üzerine güçlü bir eleştiridir.

Yazar, kurduğu Deniz Biyolojisi Müzesi’nin yanlış yönetimle işlevsiz hale getirildiğini anlatır.

Kurumun, içerdeki uzmanları dışlayıp dışarıdan “onaylayıcı” görüşler almasını etik ihlal olarak değerlendirir.

Yapay resif projelerinin bilimsel temelden çok PR amaçlı yürütüldüğünü savunur.

Doğu Akdeniz’de asıl sorunun habitat değil besin eksikliği olduğunu vurgulayarak bu projeleri eleştirir.

👉 Sonuç olarak metin, bilimin yerini göstermelik projelerin aldığı bir sistem eleştirisidir.

Este trabalho analisa linguagens expográficas e perspectivas discursivas da exposição temporária “200 anos de Ciência e Tecnologia no Brasil: um olhar a partir dos artefatos”. A mostra foi concebida pelo Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins - MAST em 2023, no Rio de Janeiro - RJ. Nos museus, as exposições se configuram como veículo de linguagem. Para Bakhtin, a linguagem é uma instituição social, portadora de ideologias. Por meio de registros digitais e observação da exposição, analisaram-se aspectos materiais e conceituais. Fundamentadas por perspectivas de análise de discurso, buscaram-se determinadas formações discursivas (linguagem aproblemática, neutralidade da ciência, linguagem racista, sexista e/ou misógina) e ideológicas (tecnocracia, positivismo, patriarcado/ colonialismo). Observou-se, também, se os valores institucionais do MAST são refletidos na exposição.

Tem experiência na área de Museologia, com ênfase aplicada em museografia/projetos expográficos, exposições acessíveis, memória e patrimônio cultural na Amazônia, projeto gráfico, design de mobiliários e suportes, projeto luminotécnico expográfico; e em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, com ênfase aplicada em projeto de arquitetura inclusiva, projeto luminotécnico arquitetônico, projetos de transportes (sinalização de trânsito). Atua principalmente nos seguintes temas: desenvolvimento e execução em exposições, projetos expográficos acessíveis, acessibilidade em museus, tecnologia assistiva (recursos de acessibilidade expositivo-mobiliários), edição de imagens e vídeo, programação visual e desenvolvimento de sinalização de trânsito e transporte.

This paper examines the current state and key characteristics of public archaeology
in Slovenia, with a particular emphasis on evaluating the degree of involvement of the local public as
both partners and interlocutors in heritage processes. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from museology
and heritology, the study highlights the importance of participatory and multiple-perspective
models in democratizing heritage interpretation and management. The research is based on qualitative
methodology, including semi-structured interviews with archaeologists working in regional and
municipal museums. Preliminary findings indicate that public archaeology projects in Slovenia are
predominantly shaped by the deficit model, in which knowledge flows mostly in one direction and
is led by professionals. Although some elements of participatory practice and democratic intent are
present – particularly through voluntary engagement – the design and conceptualisation of projects
remain firmly within expert domains. The study identifies a lack of systemic support for the implementation
of inclusive approaches, despite a strong awareness among professionals of the value of public
collaboration. Recent attempts to weaken heritage protection legislation in Slovenia further underscore the need
to cultivate stronger public alliances. The findings suggest that while individual efforts towards participatory
practice exist, a shift towards institutional and policy-level support is necessary to realise the full
potential of public archaeology as a socially responsive and democratically grounded field.

Digitale Sammlungen sind inzwischen weitverbreitet. Zahlreiche Museen haben einen Großteil ihrer Objekte digitalisiert oder sind dabei, dies zu tun; spezielle Förderformate u. a. des BMBF haben universitäre Institute ermutigt, Sammlungen zu digitalisieren. Allerdings stellen Fragen der Bewertung dieses Prozesses wie auch die praktische Umsetzung die Institutionen weiterhin vor Herausforderungen, die von der dafür erforderlichen zusätzlichen Arbeitsleistung über die Lebensdauer von Digitalisaten, der nachhaltigen Nutzung von Onlineportalen bis hin zu rechtlichen Aspekten, epistemologischen Konsequenzen und den Auswirkungen auf die Arbeit mit Objekten und Sammlungen reichen. Ethnologische Museen und Universitätsinstitute mit ethnologischen Sammlungen stehen dabei vor ganz besonderen Erwartungshaltungen, die unterschiedlichste Akteure an sie herantragen. Da diese Sammlungen oftmals in kolonialen Kontexten entstanden sind, werden sie heute zunehmend in Restitutionsdebatten eingebunden. Mit der Ausrichtung der gemeinsamen Zwischentagung griffen die AG Museum und die AG Materielle Kultur der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sozial-und Kulturanthropologie (DGSKA) das Spannungsverhältnis von Erwartungshaltungen und praktischen Umsetzungen der Digitalisierung in ethnologischen Sammlungen auf. Am 10. und 11. September 2020 diskutierten Expert*innen aus Museumstheorie und -praxis in Köln und Bonn, 1 welche Möglichkeiten, Herausforderungen und Konsequenzen die Digitalisierung von Sammlungen hat. Kurator*innen und andere Vertreter*innen ethnologischer Museen (Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum 1 Mit den geplanten Tagungsorten am Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum (RJM) in Köln sowie am BASA-Museum der Universität Bonn sollte die Breite des von diesen Fragen betroffenen institutionellen Feldes, das von den ethnologischen Museen in Trägerschaft der Städte oder der Länder bis hin zu den universitären ethnologischen Sammlungen reichte, umrissen werden. Aufgrund der Pandemie wurde die Tagung schließlich nur in Köln durchgeführt, und zwar im RJM sowie im Museum für Ostasiatische Kunst.

This paper explores the digital communication of museums in Greece, with a particular focus on the region of Western Macedonia, which records the lowest share of museum visits nationwide. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative mapping of 305 museums from the official «Odysseus» database of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports with qualitative analysis of 3,387 online reviews collected from Google Maps and TripAdvisor. The findings reveal uneven digital communication strategies: while a small share of museums maintain websites or an active social media presence, platforms such as Google Maps emerge as the primary channels of digital visibility and visitor engagement, whereas other museums remain digitally marginal. The case of the museums in Western Macedonia illustrates structural challenges: positive visitor evaluations coexist with limited digital infrastructures, fragmented communication practices, and accessibility problems. The originality of the study lies in combining a national overview with a regional case study, using large-scale visitor reviews as data to provide new insights into digital presence and cultural communication shaping visitor perceptions.

This research explores the impact of authenticity and involvement on destination image, aiming to comprehend visitor satisfaction, experience quality, re-patronage intentions, willingness to pay more, and word-of-mouth. Structural equation modelling was employed for analysis using data from 394 visitors to Side, Turkey. According to research findings, authenticity and involvement positively influence destination image. The findings demonstrate that developing repatronage intentions, word-of-mouth recommendations, and willingness to pay more can be facilitated through experience quality and satisfaction. Also, it is proved that satisfaction is positively influenced by destination image. Moreover, authenticity and involvement positively influence destination image. According to research results, to increase willingness to pay, it is imperative to offer a high-quality cultural tourism experience, wherein tourists gain knowledge about the heritage destination and enjoy the experience while deeply engaging with the surroundings. Furthermore, public and private organisations should design visitor experiences that consider authenticity and involvement to enhance destination image and increase customer satisfaction.

This study explores how the benefits residents perceive influence their support for tourism and sustainable practices in nature-based tourism. It highlights the importance of community involvement and local support in achieving sustainable tourism. The study uses Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis to test the proposed hypotheses. The research is conducted in Arribes del Duero Natural Park, a protected natural area spanning Spain and Portugal. Data were collected through an online survey with convenience sampling, resulting in 401 usable questionnaires. The findings demonstrate that community involvement has a positive and significant influence on perceived benefits, support for tourism, and sustainable market-oriented approaches. Perceived benefits also positively and significantly impact support for tourism and sustainable market-oriented approaches. Furthermore, support for tourism is found to have a positive and significant influence on sustainability.

This research was performed due to the need of adopting a sustainable marketoriented approach in tourism resources. Drawing on the fact that residents' perceptions are considered crucial to achieve sustainable tourism, little research has been conducted regarding permanent and second home residents. Hence, this research aimed to explore the effects of their attitudes on sustainability, understood within a market-oriented perspective. In view of the dissimilarities of results obtained in literature regarding the hypotheses proposed, the findings offer revealing contributions. The data analysis showed that the most significant effects were related to the impact of residents' perceived benefits on sustainability and support for tourism, presenting significant differences among the two sample groups. Although in both samples the effects were positive and meaningful, the permanent sample disclosed a stronger effect than the second homeowners' group. This study offers interesting insights for scholars and managers by shedding light on the understanding of tourism.

The Archaeological and Anthropological Museum of the Federal University of Pelotas (MUARAN) has existed for over a decade, yet has never had its own permanent headquarters. Established as a university social project shortly after the creation of UFPel’s undergraduate programs in Museology, Conservation-Restoration, Anthropology, and Archaeology, MUARAN has always sought to foster engagement between external publics and the collections, practices, and knowledge accumulated by the university’s various archaeological and anthropological laboratories and research groups. Operating intermittently, MUARAN organized exhibitions and workshops in public squares, schools, philanthropic institutions, trade unions, the public market, and even in the garden of another museum. It transformed teaching collections and research data into a meeting point for knowledge produced both within and beyond academia. However, with the onset of the pandemic, MUARAN’s existence was threatened for the first time. Dedicated to promoting encounters and collaboration, the museum—whose activities had always been ephemeral but in-person—had to adapt to social distancing. Thus emerged the podcast MusealizAção, an initiative quite different from anything the museum had done before, yet committed to the same goal of fostering dialogue between those inside and outside the university. Covering a wide range of topics, MUARAN’s podcast stands as a compelling example of how a socially engaged museum navigated the pandemic without losing sight of its original mission.

Institutional Transformation: Empowering museums to create inclusive programs that address sensitive social issues-such as discrimination, depopulation, and cultural diversity-while maintaining credibility and public trust. • Social Impact: Encouraging museums to function as "com- munity platforms" that enhance citizens' well-being, provide informal education, and contribute to sustainable urban and cultural development. • Knowledge Production: Developing the Manual of Reputation Experience, a practical guide summarizing key findings, methods, and case studies from the training sessions in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Italy. Goranka Horjan presents the results of the survey during the project meeting in Venice. 8 9 • ICLCM focuses on sustainable approaches to heritage man- agement and the integration of cultural and natural assets into community life. • ICOM Croatia and ICOM Bosnia and Herzegovina co-ordinate on-site training events and engage local museum professionals and media. • ICOM SEE supports online dissemination of results. • The Museum of Ancient Glass (Zadar) and Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia provide assistance in finding local venues, logistical support, and contextual case studies on the impact of tourism on heritage sites. This collaborative structure embodies the principle of "leadership through cooperation", strengthening cross-border professional networks and reinforcing ICOM's mission of inclusivity and shared learning. * Adriano Rigoli is ICOM-ICLCM Chairman and the President of the National Association of Houses of Memory (Italy) 12 13 * Pietroluigi Genovesi is the Head of MUVE Academy and MUVE Education at Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia Many visitors, for example, emphasize that they appreciate being accompanied during the tour by a guide. As professionals, they share heritage stories with the wider public so they prefer guided tours for better insight and experience. In case of educational tools present in museum displays, almost all visitors notice them and report them as added value, especially if they are interactive or intended for the involvement of young children.

Museum publications-encompassing brochures, pamphlets, journals, and books-are crucial for providing information, knowledge, and entertainment to visitors, tourists, and the public. Historically, these were exclusively tangible formats, but the digital age has introduced intangible e-Publications. Both modes offer distinct advantages and drawbacks. Despite their significance, museum publications are often undervalued and neglected. This can result in them being outdated, poorly produced, or damaged, which severely undermines a museum's reputation. Recent technological advances in museology, including the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), offer sophisticated equipment and new methodologies. This paper addresses the prevailing issues in museum publication management by proposing an IoT-based framework for effective resolution. The insights will be highly relevant to museologists, especially curators, and are intended to stimulate future innovations and research in the field.

Kültürel miras ve müze nesnelerinin sınıflandırılması, yalnızca isimlendirme uy
gulamaları veya terminolojik listeler oluşturmakla sınırlı olamaz. Etkili bir nesne
yönetimi, hiyerarşik bir yapı, operasyonel tutarlılık ve evrensel erişilebilirlik ge
rektirir. Günümüzde, müzecilik ve arkeoloji alanlarında dünya genelinde çok sayı
da sınıflandırma ve dokümantasyon standardı geliştirilmiştir. CIDOC CRM, Get
ty Vocabularies, SPECTRUM, Chenhall’s Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging
ve VRA Core gibi sistemler; nesnelerin tanımlanması, veri paylaşımı ve akademik
uyumluluk açısından önemli katkılar sunmaktadır.
Bununla birlikte, mevcut sistemlerin çoğu öncelikli olarak akademik tanımlama,
terminoloji kontrolü veya belge yönetimi odaklıdır. Nesnelerin teknik, işlevsel, kül
türel ve yönetimsel boyutlarını eş zamanlı olarak ele alabilecek merkezi ve operas
yonel bir sınıflandırma mantığı büyük ölçüde yoktur. Ayrıca merkezi otorite eksik
liği, sistemlerin yerel yorumlara açık, parçalanmış ve yeni nesne türlerine uyum
sağlamakta yavaş kalmasına yol açmaktadır.
Bu makale, söz konusu yapısal boşlukları gidermek üzere tasarlanmış olan MÜ
SOK (Müze ve Sanat Objeleri Sınıflandırma Konvansiyonu – Nesnelerin Evrensel Alfa
besi) sistemini tanıtmaktadır. MÜSOK, yalnızca bir terminoloji seti veya veri şeması
değildir; mevcut uluslararası standartları tamamlayan, merkezi, modüler ve ope
rasyonel bir nesne sınıflandırma sistemi olarak tasarlanmıştır

In Ecuador, its history and culture are crucial for the population identity and a major attraction for visitors to the country. Museums are main centers hosting all the cultural richness, traditions and customs of the nation which have valuable objects that represent the traditions and memory of the ancestors. Upon recognition of museums' importance for locals and tourists, this research analyzed the visitor's profile through the different rooms and the Archaeological Park of Pumapungo Museum in Cuenca city, administered by the Ministry of Culture and Heritage. The research methodology applied in this profile survey and its comparative analyzes was quantitative, through analysis of reading sources that collect the history of these sites, using magazines and cultural attractions, emphasizing the visitor profile survey whose main pillar is the elaboration of surveys, and data tabulation. Alongside, qualitative methodology is applied with case studies through interviews with technical experts in the field.

Kültürel miras ve müze nesnelerinin sınıflandırılması, yalnızca isimlendirme uygulamaları veya terminolojik listeler oluşturmakla sınırlı olamaz. Etkili bir nesne
yönetimi, hiyerarşik bir yapı, operasyonel tutarlılık ve evrensel erişilebilirlik gerektirir. Günümüzde, müzecilik ve arkeoloji alanlarında dünya genelinde çok sayıda sınıflandırma ve dokümantasyon standardı geliştirilmiştir. CIDOC CRM, Getty Vocabularies, SPECTRUM, Chenhall’s Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging
ve VRA Core gibi sistemler; nesnelerin tanımlanması, veri paylaşımı ve akademik
uyumluluk açısından önemli katkılar sunmaktadır.
Bununla birlikte, mevcut sistemlerin çoğu öncelikli olarak akademik tanımlama,
terminoloji kontrolü veya belge yönetimi odaklıdır. Nesnelerin teknik, işlevsel, kültürel ve yönetimsel boyutlarını eş zamanlı olarak ele alabilecek merkezi ve operasyonel bir sınıflandırma mantığı büyük ölçüde yoktur. Ayrıca merkezi otorite eksikliği, sistemlerin yerel yorumlara açık, parçalanmış ve yeni nesne türlerine uyum
sağlamakta yavaş kalmasına yol açmaktadır.
Bu makale, söz konusu yapısal boşlukları gidermek üzere tasarlanmış olan MÜSOK (Müze ve Sanat Objeleri Sınıflandırma Konvansiyonu – Nesnelerin Evrensel Alfabesi) sistemini tanıtmaktadır. MÜSOK, yalnızca bir terminoloji seti veya veri şeması
değildir; mevcut uluslararası standartları tamamlayan, merkezi, modüler ve operasyonel bir nesne sınıflandırma sistemi olarak tasarlanmıştır.

Tras años hablando de calidad en educación superior, podemos afirmar que la brecha entre calidad total y lo que se ha estado implantando hasta el momento es enorme. El desajuste por mutua ignorancia entre sistema de competencias y universidad descrito por Carabaña está alcanzando dimensiones imprevisibles para los actores implicados. La Agencia Europea de Calidad en Educación Superior (ENQA) establece que la calidad de las instituciones de educación superior consta de dos partes: por un lado, de forma interna, mediante la implantación de un sistema interno de garantía de calidad, por otro, de forma externa, mediante acreditaciones que realizan las agencias de calidad universitaria. No obstante, las universidades han estado replicando el modelo de la Agencia Española de Calidad Universitaria (ANECA), proporcionando así indicadores aislados, sin poner las bases para un sistema interno de gestión que garantice la calidad total. Se analizan aspectos concretos del funcionamiento que impiden el éxito de esta replicación, pues implantar internamente el sistema externo de acreditación no suple a un sistema interno. La solución pasa por implantar sistemas de gestión basados en competencias, cambio que alcanzaría no solo a lo puramente técnico, sino a la cultura organizacional. Palabras clave: gestión de conocimiento, calidad, gestión por competencias, educación superior y recursos humanos.

Tras años hablando de calidad en educación superior, podemos afirmar que la brecha entre calidad total y lo que se ha estado implantando hasta el momento es enorme. El desajuste por mutua ignorancia entre sistema de competencias y universidad descrito por Carabaña está alcanzando dimensiones imprevisibles para los actores implicados. La Agencia Europea de Calidad en Educación Superior (ENQA) establece que la calidad de las instituciones de educación superior consta de dos partes: por un lado, de forma interna, mediante la implantación de un sistema interno de garantía de calidad, por otro, de forma externa, mediante acreditaciones que realizan las agencias de calidad universitaria. No obstante, las universidades han estado replicando el modelo de la Agencia Española de Calidad Universitaria (ANECA), proporcionando así indicadores aislados, sin poner las bases para un sistema interno de gestión que garantice la calidad total. Se analizan aspectos concretos del funcionamiento que impiden el éxito de esta replicación, pues implantar internamente el sistema externo de acreditación no suple a un sistema interno. La solución pasa por implantar sistemas de gestión basados en competencias, cambio que alcanzaría no solo a lo puramente técnico, sino a la cultura organizacional. Palabras clave: gestión de conocimiento, calidad, gestión por competencias, educación superior y recursos humanos.