Power Electronics and Drives

The increasing demand and penetration of renewable energy sources, various sector especially solar photovoltaic (PV) [1] systems, demands more efficient and reliable power conversion technologies based method for grid integration. This paper presents the design and analysis of a Silicon Carbide (SiC) [2]based back-to-back converter application in for integrating the solar power with a standard 230V AC, 50Hz grid. SiC devices offer superior switching performance, reduced losses, and high thermal stability compared to conventional silicon-based devices. The proposed system consists of a DC-DC [3] boost converter and a grid-tied inverter configured in a back-to-back topology. The system ensures maximum power extraction, improved efficiency, and stable synchronization with the grid. Various simulation and theoretical analysis demonstrate enhanced performance in terms of efficiency, power quality, and reduced harmonic distortion etc.

Since induction motors were invented, human civilization has changed forever. Due to their beneficial characteristics, induction motors are widely used and have become the most prevalent electrical counterparts. Many control strategies for induction motors have been developed, varying from scalar to vector control. In the class of vector control, the Direct Torque Control (DTC) was proposed as an alternative that ensures separated flux and torque control while remaining completely in a stationary reference frame. It offers direct inverter switching, reasonable simplicity than other vector control techniques, and less sensitivity to parameter variation. However, the use of hysteresis controllers in conventional DTC involves non-desired ripples in the system's flux and torque, which leads to bad system performances, primarily in low-speed operations. This paper aims to minimize the chattering and ensure the augmented system's performance in terms of robustness and stability. The proposed method is an improved version of DTC, which combines the addition of the Space Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to the DTC and the increased number of DTC sectors that generate reference control voltages. Satisfactory results have been obtained by numerical simulation in MATLAB/Simulink. Eventually, the proposed method is proven to be a fast dynamic decoupled control that robustly responds to external disturbance and system uncertainties, especially in the low-speed range.

Since induction motors were invented, human civilization has changed forever. Due to their beneficial characteristics, induction motors are widely used and have become the most prevalent electrical counterparts. Many control strategies for induction motors have been developed, varying from scalar to vector control. In the class of vector control, the Direct Torque Control (DTC) was proposed as an alternative that ensures separated flux and torque control while remaining completely in a stationary reference frame. It offers direct inverter switching, reasonable simplicity than other vector control techniques, and less sensitivity to parameter variation. However, the use of hysteresis controllers in conventional DTC involves non-desired ripples in the system's flux and torque, which leads to bad system performances, primarily in low-speed operations. This paper aims to minimize the chattering and ensure the augmented system's performance in terms of robustness and stability. T...

The direct torque control (DTC) was proposed as an alternative to vector control. This strategy uses as a base the direct determination of switching states of the inverter and provides a simpler scheme and less sensitivity to machine parameters. However, the variable switching frequency of DTC engenders high flux and torque ripples which conduct to an acoustical noise and degrade the performance of the control, especially in low-speed regions. In the objective of improving the DTC performance for the induction motor operation, this paper inscribes a modified version of DTC by increasing the number of sectors and inserting a nonlinear fuzzy regulator in the speed regulation loop, in order to ensure a robust control contra different uncertainties and external disturbances. The goal is to achieve a significant reduction of the high ripples of the conventional DTC, which are the major drawbacks. Furthermore, the sensorless control can increase reliability and decrease the cost of the control system. Therefore, a Luenberger observer-based fuzzy adaptation mechanism is implemented to improve speed and flux observation.

The present paper introduces a novel interleaved ultra-high step-down DC-DC converter with soft-switching. Among its outstanding features are the minimal voltage stress on power switches and diodes, extended duty cycle, soft-switching conditions for both the switches and diodes, continuous output current with minimal ripple, and the small size of the magnetic inductors and their low conduction losses. Lowering switches' voltage and current stress is achieved by input series capacitors and interleaved topologies, respectively. This approach can lead to a significant reduction in conduction loss experienced by switches. Moreover, by using blocking capacitors and windingcross-coupled inductors (WCCI) techniques, it is possible to reduce both the voltage gain and the ripple in the output current. In addition, by utilizing soft switching for semiconductor devices, significant reductions in switching losses, including turnon, turn-off, capacitive turn-on, and reverse recovery losses, can be achieved. Thus, the converter's overall efficiency is significantly improved. The experimental results obtained from a 200W prototype, operating with a 300V input voltage and 25V output voltage, confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis.

The Distribution STATic COMpensator (DSTAT-COM) has proved to be a useful custom power device to eliminate harmonic components and to compensate reactive power for balanced /unbalanced linear/nonlinear loads. This paper presents a novel control strategy to calculate the reference compensation current of three phase DSTATCOM under distorted utility condition at instantaneous state. In this proposed approach digital FIR filters with cut off frequency 25,100 Hz of direct form structure have been implemented on FPGA to make the process faster. The performance of the system simulated in Matlab Platform and evaluated considering the source current total harmonic distortion. The VHDL design has been implemented using ISE10.1 tool from Xilinx. This is tested on a board with hardware configuration such as FPGA -XC2VP4 with on chip PowerPC-405 Processor, ADC AD9240-14 bit 10MSPS analog input channel, DAC AD7541-12-bit of conversion time-100ns with System clock 40 MHz.

This paper proposes an active harmonic current compensator based on Resonant DC Link Inverter (RDCLI) for sin? gle-phase systems supplying non-linear loads. This compensator is connected in parallel with any non-linear load through a fiIter inductance. Compensation of the line harmonics is achieved by injecting harmonic currents into the supply lines such that the compensated line current is in phase with, and of the same shape as the input voltage. The compensator is controlled by a zero-hysteresis bang-bang controller, A new method for current initialization for RDCLI is proposed in this paper. A comparison with the hard-switched PWM inverter based compensator on the same platform is presented. The superior feames of the proposed compensator over the PWM-based compensator in terms of efficiency, current regulator bandwidth, response time and speckal performance are established.

The collection of conference materials contains abstracts of reports of the XIII international scientific and technical conference "Ship Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Automation", held on November 22-23 2023 at the National University "Odessa Maritime Academy". The theme of the conference covers the following scientific and methodological areas: energy conservation in ship energy, technical operation of modern electrical equipment and control systems for ships, energy efficiency and reliability of electromechanical systems, mathematical modeling of processes and phenomena in power plants and radio engineering, information security, automation of ship equipment, educational and professional standards

Ships working under THR's mode use the largest number of THRs to maintain position, which leads to overloading of the ship's electrical power system or its inefficient use. This happens on the one hand, as a result of ensuring accurate positioning, and on the other hand, due to excessive power reserve in case of failure of one or more THRs. Expanding the scope of conventional DP systems, for example to include automated mooring and docking for tankers or low speed passenger ferries, these systems need to be adapted for the new list of vessels. These vessels are generally designed without redundant power equipment and may not be as maneuverable as THR-capable vessels. This means that the control system must make better use of the available energy efficiency, providing both a higher level of automation for a wide range of vessels and an increase in the energy efficiency of the vessel with a DP system. The main remaining problem is the provision of energy-efficient control over the ship's motion at low speed in the horizontal plane using a high-level predictive control controller. Therefore, studies aimed at designing predictive control systems are relevant.

The article discusses the universal current sensor fault detection and compensation mechanism, which can be applied in three-phase power electronics (PE) symmetrical system. The mechanism is based on the assumption that a symmetrical system can be described using different components in the stationary reference frame. The solution given in article as a Cri-base detector was tested in electrical drives with induction motors (IMs) and permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). This study also proves that the same algorithm can work stable in active rectifier systems. Such an application of this detector has not been previously reported in the literature. The article describes the detection of various types of faults in different phases. The fault-tolerant voltage-oriented control (FTVOC) of an active rectifier is compared with previously described solutions for IMs and PMSMs. By analysing in various types of systems, the work proves the universality of the detector based on Cri mark...

Article History: The paper highlights a novel approach that provides a system-level Battery Management System (BMS) review for electric vehicles (EVs), particularly with respect to Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) validation. This bridges the gap between algorithmic research and real-time BMS testing. Energy storage system (ESS) technology remains a challenge for EVs, expected to dominate future transport. A sophisticated BMS is crucial for monitoring battery health, ensuring safety, and extending lifespan. Using voltage, current, and temperature measurements, the BMS estimates parameters like SOC, SOH, impedance, capacity, power fade, and remaining life, vital for safety devices, charge balancing, thermal management, and optimal charging. Resilient BMS includes precise characterization, reliable estimation, and effective control. Development requires comprehensive testing of analog I/O and embedded code; HIL simulations offer advantages over traditional testing, providing reproducibility, efficiency, and safety, especially for ranges beyond normal limits. HIL is invaluable for early development, particularly for logic and fault testing. This review covers Li-ion battery modeling using experimental data, implemented in real time with Opal-RT HIL. A scalable model with electronic devices enables thorough BMS testing, demonstrating the validation of key functions, including protection, temperature, current, voltage monitoring, and cell balancing. HIL simulation is essential for modern BMS development.

This study examines the improvement in voltage stability and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) at the best efficiency using a hysteresis current-mode regulated doubleswitch SEPIC-buck converter (DSSB). This wind energy system followed by uncontrolled rectifier and DSSB with a voltage source inverter is used to supply AC/DC load types (induction motor, variable speed doubly-fed induction motor and so on). The primary issues with PMSG systems powered by a variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) are voltage disturbances and power variations. DSSB converter is built using established methodologies on the basis of bucking-boosting regime of operation as explained in . With respect to other common DC-DC converters (such as Buck, Sepic, Boost, and Buck-Boost), DSSB exhibits enhanced dynamic properties, greater voltage gain, and higher efficiency, the voltage gain of (1 + D)D/1 -D and peak efficiency of 95-98% are achieved by the proposed topology. The suggested converter is utilised in conjunction with the dual hysteresis current control technique to improve system performance and reduce the harmonic content of its voltages and currents. Two dual hysteresis current controllers, which are also used to concurrently regulate the switching frequency of DSSB and the ripple of its currents, separately control the source and load currents of the proposed converter. To show how well the suggested WECS enhances voltage stability, the pitch angle control of the WECS has been managed using model predictive controller with an proportional-integral (PI) pitch controller.A wide range of topologies, including open loop, closed loop, cascaded (outer loop control-based PI controller, inner loop control-based PI controller), and control laws based on model free controller, were also subjected to a number of simulation experiments. The results are investigated and studied for ideal and non-ideal parameters of the wind turbine (WT) and the suggested converter with the PMSG using simulations based on Matlab/Simulink software under various circumstances.

The wind power exchange system (WECS) covered in this paper consists of a voltage source inverter (VSI), a DSSB regulator, and an uncontrolled rectifier. An AC grid or a heavy inductive or resistive load (RL) can be supplied by this system. The DSSB is a recently developed DC-DC regulator consisting of an improved single-ended primary inductance regulator (SEPIC) followed by a buck regulator. It has a peak efficiency of 95-98% and a voltage gain of (D (1 + D)/(1-D). where D is the regulator transistor's onto off switching ratio. The proposed regulator improves the voltage stability and MPPT strategy (optimal or maximum power-point tracking). The combination of the DSSB and the proposed regulator improves the efficiency of the system and increases the power output of the wind turbine by reducing the harmonics of the system voltages and current. This method also reduces the influence of air density as well as wind speed variations on the MPPT strategy. Classical proportional-integral (PI) controllers are used in conjunction with a vector-controlled voltage source inverter, which adheres to the suggested DSSB regulator, to control the PMSM speed and d-q axis currents and to correct for current error. In addition to the vector-controlled voltage source inverter (which follows the recommended DSSB regulator), classical proportional-integral controllers are used to regulate the PMSM speed and d-q axis currents, and to correct current errors. In addition, a model Predictive Controller (PPC) is used with the pitch angle control (PAC) of WECS. This is done to show how well the proposed WECS (WECS with DSSB regulator) enhances voltage stability. A software-based simulation (MATLAB/Simulink) evaluates the results for ideal and unoptimized parameters of the WT and WECS under a variety of conditions. The results of the simulation show an increase in MPPT precision and output power performance. Keywords: wind turbine (WT); synchronous generator with permanently enduring magnets (PMSG); double switch SEPIC-buck regulator (DSSB); hysteresis current-mode control; dq-current control; wind power exchange system (WECS)

This paper deals with speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using three different type of speed controllers P, PI and FUZZY logic controllers. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are widely used in AC servo drives because of its high torque to inertia ratio, high power density, high efficiency and power factor as compare to the other motors used in drives. Proportional controller and Proportional Integral Controller usually preferred as a speed controller in P Controller it has High loop gain and it improves the disturbance signal reduction and in PI Controller it has fixed gain and integral time constant but the performance of P and PI controller is affected by parameter variation, such as load changing, speed variation etc. In P and PI controller torque ripples are more and also it has high response time. To avoid this problem here we used FUZZY logic controller. The principle of speed control is verified by analyzing the variations in the results of spe...

The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is used to control the flow of power in the transmission systems by controlling the impedance, voltage magnitude and phase angle. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the most versatile and complex power electronic equipment that has emerged for the control and optimization of power flow in electrical power transmission system. Installing the UPFC makes it possible to control an amount of real power flow through the line. This controller offers advantages in terms of static and dynamic operation of the power system. It also brings in new challenges in power electronics and power system design. FACTS devices are mostly used to control the flow of power, to increase the transmission capacity and to optimize the power system stability. The most widely used FACTS device is Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). The controller used in the considered system has a significantly effects on improving the real power and compensating the reactive ...

To analyze any motor or generator it is very much important to obtain the machine in terms of equivalent mathematical equations. Traditional per phase equivalent circuit has been widely used in steady state analysis and design of induction motor, but it is not appreciable to predict the dynamic performance of the motor. The dynamic model of the induction motor is derived by using a two-phase motor in direct and quadrature axes. This approach is desirable because of the conceptual simplicity obtained with two sets of windings. This paper describes a generalized model of the induction motor and its Simulink implementation of an induction motor model in a step-by-step approach. The stationary reference frame based model for induction motor is considered due to its simplicity, accurate and robustness to the parameter variation of induction motor. Also, the operation of speed controlled ac drives without mechanical speed or position sensors requires the estimation of internal state varia...

A simple and novel hybrid random PWM algorithm for direct torque controlled induction motor drive for reduced noise and harmonic distortion is presented in this paper to reduce the complexity of the classical space vector approach, the proposed algorithm is developed by using the imaginary switching times, which does not require angle and sector information. In order to get the randomization effect, the proposed algorithm uses DPWMMAX algorithm in conjunction with the SVPWM algorithm. The harmonic analysis of the two switching sequences is carried out and by comparing each other in each sampling time interval, the proposed algorithm selects a suitable switching sequence that results in reduced harmonic distortion. In the proposed algorithm by changing the factor  , which is proportional to the time duration of zero voltage vector V0 (000) the switching sequences of SVPWM and DPWMMIN algorithms are generated. As the zero state time is varied randomly according to the operating seque...

Bibliografia: f. 162-165. 1. Programação paralela (Computação). 2. Sistemas de controle digital. 3. Processamento de sinais -Técnicas digitais. 4. Potência reativa (Engenharia elétrica). 5. Fonte de energia ininterrupta. 6. Simulação (computadores). 7. Engenharia elétrica -Dissertações. I. Gules, Roger,

Bibliografia: f. 162-165. 1. Programação paralela (Computação). 2. Sistemas de controle digital. 3. Processamento de sinais -Técnicas digitais. 4. Potência reativa (Engenharia elétrica). 5. Fonte de energia ininterrupta. 6. Simulação (computadores). 7. Engenharia elétrica -Dissertações. I. Gules, Roger,

This project involved the design and assembly of a functional light dimmer circuit using a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) and a potentiometer on a printed circuit board. The system utilizes the principle of phase control, where the potentiometer adjusts the SCR’s triggering point to vary the average power delivered from a 220V AC supply to an incandescent lamp. Experimental results confirmed that the circuit operates reliably, providing smooth transitions in brightness and validating the practical application of SCRs in power regulation.

In this paper a cuckoo search based optimal design of axial flux permanent magnet motor (AFPMM) is proposed. This approach employs a Cuckoo search (CS) technique as a search tool for optimal design solution of a AFPMM based on the value of the objective function. Several optimisation solutions are analysed and a best solution is proposed based on the values of the optimisation parameters and the efficiency, as well as other important motor parameters. An overall comparison of the optimal solution and the prototype model of the motor is presented. Streszczenie. W niniejszej pracy zaproponowano projekt optymalnej konstrukcji osiowego strumienia silnika z magnesami trwałymi (AFPMM) oparty o wykorzystanie algorytmu kukułki. Projekt wykorzystuje algorytm kukułki (CS) jako narzędzie do wyszukiwania optymalnego rozwiązania projektowego AFPMM w oparciu o wartości funkcji celu. Autorzy przeanalizowali kilka rozwiązań optymalizacyjnych i zaproponowali najlepsze rozwiązanie oparte o wartości p...

The hysteresis motor starts by virtue of hysteresis losses induced in its rotor. Hysteresis motors are widely used in small motor applications. In this paper the dynamic performance of hysteresis motors is investigated. A mathematical model is applied to analyze the transient and dynamic stability of this electrical machine type. The transient and dynamic stability studies examine the performance of the motor under transient condition and when the system is perturbed about some operating point, ie , small-signal analysis. In addition, in this paper, the mathematical based d, q axis model is incorporated in Matlab/Simulink tools for analysis and simulation purposes. This incorporation is considered a trend in applying new computerized tools in electrical machines simulation, design and analysis. The model offers a tool for studying the dynamic stability of the hysteresis motor for small-scale perturbations such as changes in motor’s input supply voltage or frequency or in its output ...

Este documento aborda um estudo comparativo entre as técnicas de modulação SPWM e SVPWM para a redução de harmónicas em inversores de frequência. Demonstra de forma prática, como cada técnica de modulação se comporta na mesma condição de carga.

Multilevel inverters have seen an increasing popularity in the last few years for medium- and high-voltage applications. The most popular has been the three-level neutral clamped inverter. Multilevel inverters synthesize output voltage from more than two voltage levels. Thus, the output signal spectrum is significantly improved in comparison with the classical two-level converters. This chapter discusses modelling and control of a Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter which operates with the PWM switching pattern using a DSP. The mathematical model of the NPC inverter is carried out using conversion and connection functions for an easier understanding of the system operation. Simulation results using MATLAB program are reported, and it is shown that the performances obtained for driving an asynchronous motor using this inverter are very promising. Finally, analysis of the theoretical and the experimental results is carried out in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed co...

Cascaded H-bridge multilevel (CHBML) active front-end (AFE) converters exhibit some enticing benefits, comprising high adaptability for numerous applications, such as tractions, solid-state transformers, electric vehicle charging stations, and medium and high power electric drives. Yet, when the CHBML-AFE is operating under an unbalanced load condition, it is crucial to utilize an advanced control technique to maintain system stability. In this research, a Lyapunov Function (LF)-based control approach is utilized for regulating a single-phase CHBML-AFE with LCL filter to achieve global asymptotic stability. A capacitor voltage feedback is introduced and added to the traditional LF-based control strategy to reduce the resonance of the LCL filter. Furthermore, the proportional-resonant (PR) control procedure is utilized to derive the grid current reference, offering improvement to the robustness of the current control design. A balanced DC voltage control method is also employed to suppress the unbalanced DC voltage conditions among CHBML-AFE cells. In addition, the transfer function of the reference grid current and the actual grid current is evaluated for the CHBML-AFE with LCL filter parameters and their eventual variations in the employed control technique. The effectiveness of this control strategy is validated utilizing simulation and experimental studies.