Quantum Physics

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

We report on all-optical wavelength conversion of a 56 Gb/s differential quadrature phase shift keying signal and a 42.7 Gb/s on-off keying signal. Wavelength conversion is based on four-wave mixing effect in a 1 m-long highly nonlinear GeAsSe chalcogenide fiber. The high nonlinearity of the fiber allows low power penalty operation with a total average power of less than 60 mW. c

We report on the impact of the sampling-source extinction ratio (ER) in a linear optical sampling system. To this effect, an analytical model is developed and contrasted with experimental data and numerical simulation, to determine the operational limits of the monitoring system. The ER of the reconstructed signal consists of a combined contribution from the magnitude of the symbol under test and the magnitude of the product between its neighboring symbols and the corresponding subpulses of the sampling source. The sampled signal can be completely reconstructed from its samples for ERs of the sampling source above 35 dB.

Absorber (SA). The 1 potential of the device to perform WDM regeneration is firstly demonstrated through the first pigtailed saturable absorber chip implemented with 8 independent fibres using a cost effective coupling technique. The cascadability and wavelength tunability assessment of this module associated to a power limiter fibre-based function has been experimentally demonstrated at 42.6 Gbit/s. Because this method of power limiting is not a suitable solution for all-optical multichannel 2R regeneration, a new SA structure allowing a power limiting function was proposed. We describe and characterize such a structure in this paper. This new SA opens the door to a complete passive all-optical 2R regeneration relying upon a single technology, as shown in this paper through the use of two SA: SA.0 for extinction ratio enhancement and SA.1 for power level equalization allowing receiver sensitivity (up to 3.5 dB) and Q factor (up to 1.4 dB) improvement for a RZ signal at 42.6 Gbit/s. The limitation of SA.1 when the regenerator must be cascaded a large number of times is also described, leading to the observation that SA.1 should be more suitable for phase encoded formats which are more spectrally efficient than OOK formats. A SA.1 used as a phase-preserving amplitude regenerator in a 42.6 Gbit/s RZ-DPSK transmission system is therefore assessed. A fibre launched power margin of 2 dB and a receiver sensitivity improvement of 5.5 dB are obtained. Finally, we use, for the first time an SA.1 as a phase-preserving amplitude regenerator of RZ DQPSK signals. The regenerator is assessed in a recirculating loop at 28 Gbaud. The system tolerance to nonlinear phase noise is enhanced by 3 dB and the distance improvement factor was 1.3 for a BER=10 -4 .

Basic principles of all-optical signal regeneration are presented, and main state-of-art techniques are reviewed. Optical fiber and semiconductor based devices are addressed, and some recently reported 2R and 3R signal regeneration experiments are discussed.

We investigate the case of two interacting fluids in homogeneous and isotropic cosmologies with a non-linear interaction term. The interaction term avoids the unrealistic form generally used in the literature, beginning with Tolman, in which the interaction is zero when the Hubble parameter vanishes. A variety of exact solutions for the scale factor are found and describe a range of new behaviors. We also extend the analysis of possible cosmological solutions with interacting fluids when curvature is taken into consideration. We use an example of energy exchange between radiation and scalar field to alleviate the flatness problem.

Received:2020.01.30 Revised:2020.08.06 Accepted:2021.02.13 Abstract The entanglement of the helium and helium-like atoms has been studied. The calculations are performed considering the radial wave function as a linear combination of exponential functions and making use of Von Neumann entropy, Linear entropy, and reduced density matrix. The coefficients and powers of the wave function were calculated using the variational method and the energy and entanglement are obtained considering the optimized wave function. The results show that the entanglement tends to increase with increasing energy. The results also show that with increasing atomic number (in helium-like atoms), the electron-electron interaction becomes weaker and as a result, the entanglement decreases.

Abstract
This work presents an alternative computational approach to describing relativistic time scale shifts (exemplified by GPS corrections) without invoking the classical apparatus of pseudo Riemannian geometry of General Relativity (GR). Instead of postulating an absolute temporal coordinate, we introduce the concept of emergent time arising from the superposition of two informational matrices: a macroscopic matrix (the geometry of Solar System bodies) and a microscopic matrix (the dynamics of phonon modes in a resonant lattice). It is shown that, after calibrating a single phenomenological coupling parameter beta, the proposed information geometry formalism reproduces the relativistic time scale drift with an accuracy of 3–5%.

1. Introduction and Conceptual Basis
The traditional description of relativistic time dilation relies on Einstein’s curved space time concept. In this study we explore an alternative, relational paradigm close to the thermal time hypothesis (Rovelli & Smerlak) and the methods of information geometry (Amari).
Time is treated not as a fundamental a priori coordinate but as an emergent shift parameter that appears when two dynamical matrices are superposed:
• Macro matrix Q_macro: the configuration space describing real heliocentric and barycentric coordinates of Solar System bodies, based on high precision NASA JPL DE440/DE441 ephemerides.
• Micro matrix Q_micro: the internal vibrational degrees of freedom of a local crystalline lattice, modelled as a chain of coupled oscillators (phonon modes) with an additional phase locked loop (PLL) circuit.
We define a dimensionless macro scalar shift parameter lambda_macro as the arc length of the system’s trajectory in the multi dimensional configuration space:
Delta_lambda_macro = sqrt( sum( (Delta_r_i / R_0)^2 ) + sum( (Delta_theta_i)^2 ) )
where r_i and theta_i are the radial and angular components of the planetary positions, and R_0 = 1 astronomical unit is a fixed scaling invariant.

2. Phenomenological Macro Micro Coupling and Calibration of beta
The interaction between the macroscopic geometry and the microscopic system is described within a generalized Lagrangian formalism. The total information potential of the coupled system is written as
I_total = I_macro + I_micro + beta * I_int
where the phenomenological coefficient beta determines the strength of influence of the macroscopic gravitational (informational) potential on the local phonon modes.
The interaction potential I_int is constructed directly from dynamic interplanetary distances:
I_int(t) = sum( 1 / r_Earth-j(t) )
with j running over the Sun, the Moon (SPK 301), Jupiter and Saturn. The external generalised force F_ext acting on the micro lattice nodes is defined as the spatial gradient of this potential:
F_ext(t) = -beta * grad_r(I_int(t))

Calibration procedure
Because beta is a phenomenological parameter, its value is fixed by a reference point known from precision GR experiments and GPS operational data. The standard relativistic frequency shift in the Sun’s gravitational field at Earth’s orbit is
Delta_t / t = G * M_Sun / (c^2 * R_avg) = 9.87 * 10^-10
In the numerical simulation beta is chosen so that the average relative drift of the micro lattice’s emergent time scale lambda_micro with respect to the geometric track lambda_macro reproduces this value. For standard silicon like lattice parameters we obtain beta = 1.2 * 10^-6.

Contemporary debates surrounding large language models (LLMs) oscillate between two inadequate extremes: reductive mechanistic accounts that deny meaningful semantic organization, and anthropomorphic accounts that prematurely attribute human-like consciousness to artificial systems. This paper argues that both frameworks fail to characterize the emergent semantic behaviors observed in transformer-based architectures. We propose Operational Semantic Understanding (OSU), defined as the capacity of an artificial system to manipulate semantic content coherently, contextually, adaptively, and inferentially without requiring evidence of phenomenological consciousness. We further introduce Artificial Semantogenesis, referring to the emergence of functional semantic organization through large-scale relational learning within distributed inferential architectures. Both concepts are positioned relative to established philosophical accounts, including Dennett's intentional stance, Dretske's informational semantics, and Harnad's symbol grounding problem. We argue that contemporary LLMs may constitute a novel category of inferential artificial cognition, and propose an expanded cognitive taxonomy distinguishing Biological Phenomenological Cognition, Symbolic Computational Cognition, Inferential Artificial Cognition, and Hybrid Relational Cognition-the latter describing emergent knowledge coproduction through sustained human-AI collaboration. Future research, we contend, should move beyond binary debates about whether AI systems "truly understand" and develop more precise frameworks for describing operational semantic functionality across diverse cognitive architectures.

We present a unified, mathematically rigorous framework that reinterprets the strong nuclear force (QCD) and structural nucleon confinement as an effective, scale-dependent color-gravitomagnetic phenomenon. By evaluating the ultra-high Maxwell stress (P_{\text{EM}} \sim 10^{35} \text{ N/m}^2) generated by localized QED fields within a highly warped, non-Abelian quantum-metric background, we derive a localized amplification of the gravitational coupling constant (G_N \to G_{\text{nuclear}} \sim 10^{38}G_N) mediated by an algebraic phase transition on a p-adic tree network for p=3. The nucleon boundary (r \sim R_N) is formalized as a stable, microscopic chiral-superconducting *Kugelblitz* horizon, where trapped, circulating photon/gluon fields induce an intense Lense-Thirring frame-dragging frequency \omega(r) \propto r^{-3}. This geometric vorticity naturally yields the quantum angular momentum eigenvalue spectrum of j=1/2, offering a non-local geometric resolution to the proton spin crisis. When extended to high-energy external probes, the metric naturally reproduces the anomalous magnetic moments (g_p = 5.586, g_n =-3.826) and matches the linear decay of the Sachs form factor ratio \mu_p G_E / G_M observed in polarization-transfer experiments at Jefferson Lab, predicting a zero-crossing at Q^2 \approx 9.2 \text{ GeV}^2. Finally, we map this tensor structure onto the Gravitational Form Factor D(0) to derive a negative internal pressure profile (D(0) \approx-2.67). Immersing this system into the macro-gravitational background of a hyper-dense neutron star core reveals a dynamic geometric hardening (D(0) \to-1) that stiffens the Equation of State (EOS), yielding a purely geometric alternative to the conventional Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit that establishes an absolute maximum mass profile of M_{\text{max}} \approx 2.32 \, M_{\odot}.

By taking spin away from particles and putting it in the metric, thus following Dirac's vision, I start my attempt to formulate an alternative math-phys language, biquaternion based and incorporating Clifford algebra. At the Pauli level of two by two matrix representation of biquaternion space, a dual base is applied, a space-time and a spin-norm base. The chosen space-time base comprises what Synge called the minquats and in the same spirit I call their spin-norm dual the pauliquats. Relativistic mechanics, electrodynamics and quantum mechanics are analyzed using this approach, with a generalized Poynting theorem as the most interesting result. Then moving onward to the Dirac level, the Möbius doubling of the minquat/pauliquat basis allows me to formulate a generalization of the Dirac current into a Dirac probability/field tensor with connected closed system condition. This closed system condition includes the Dirac current continuity equation as its time-like part. A generalized Klein Gordon equation that includes this Dirac current probability tensor is formulated and analyzed. The usual Dirac current based Lagrangians of relativistic quantum mechanics are generalized using this Dirac probability/field tensor. The Lorentz transformation properties the generalized equation and Lagrangian is analyzed.

Time is traditionally regarded as a fundamental quantity in physics for describing the evolution of physical systems However, several modern approaches in theoretical physics suggest that time may emerge from deeper relational structures rather than existing as an independent entity. This study proposes the Chrana Emergent model, a geometrical-informational framework in which time is interpreted as an emergent property arising from the interaction between physical observables, particularly energy and temperature. The model is developed using information geometry through a mutual information metric and an informational potential analogous to free energy. Instead of assuming an absolute temporal parameter, system evolution is represented by a relational parameter λ that grows alongside the interaction and informational complexity of the system. Numerical simulations were carried out using Python with the phenomenological exponential model. The results demonstrate that temperature and energy evolve consistently with respect to λ, producing a natural direction of temporal evolution without invoking fundamental time. The proposed framework also indicates that stationary conditions correspond to the disappearance of temporal evolution, supporting the interpretation that time is not an external entity but rather a consequence of internal physical relations. This work contributes to the ongoing discussion of emergent time in theoretical physics and offers a potential alternative framework for understanding dynamical systems through informational geometry.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

A search for periodic gravitational waves, from sources such as isolated rapidly spinning neutron stars, was carried out using 510 h of data from the fourth LIGO science run (S4). The search was for quasimonochromatic waves in the frequency range from 50 to 1500 Hz, with a linear frequency drift _ f (measured at the solar system barycenter) in the range Àf= < _ f < 0:1f=, where the minimum spindown age was 1000 yr for signals below 300 Hz and 10 000 yr above 300 Hz. The main computational work of the search was distributed over approximately 100 000 computers volunteered by the general public. This large computing power allowed the use of a relatively long coherent integration time of 30 h, despite the large parameter space searched. No statistically significant signals were found. The sensitivity of the search is estimated, along with the fraction of parameter space that was vetoed because of contamination by instrumental artifacts. In the 100 to 200 Hz band, more than 90% of sources with dimensionless gravitational-wave strain amplitude greater than 10 À23 would have been detected.

We present an all-sky search for gravitational waves in the frequency range 1 to 6 kHz during the first calendar year of LIGO's fifth science run. This is the first untriggered LIGO burst analysis to be conducted above 3 kHz. We discuss the unique properties of interferometric data in this regime. 161.3 days of triple-coincident data were analyzed. No gravitational events above threshold were observed and a frequentist upper limit of 5.4 year -1 on the rate of strong gravitational wave bursts was placed at a 90% confidence level. Implications for specific theoretical models of gravitational wave emission are also discussed.

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been linked to extreme core-collapse supernovae from massive stars. Gravitational waves (GW) offer a probe of the physics behind long GRBs. We investigate models of long-lived ($10-1000 s) GW emission associated with the accretion disk of a collapsed star or with its protoneutron star remnant. Using data from LIGO's fifth science run, and GRB triggers from the Swift experiment, we perform a search for unmodeled long-lived GW transients. Finding no evidence of GW emission, we place 90% confidence-level upper limits on the GW fluence at Earth from long GRBs for three waveforms inspired by a model of GWs from accretion disk instabilities. These limits range from F < 3:5 ergs cm À2 to F < 1200 ergs cm À2 , depending on the GRB and on the model, allowing us to probe optimistic scenarios of GW production out to distances as far as % 33 Mpc. Advanced detectors are expected to achieve strain sensitivities 10Â better than initial LIGO, potentially allowing us to probe the engines of the nearest long GRBs.

We present results from a search for gravitational-wave bursts in the data collected by the LIGO and Virgo detectors between July 7, 2009 and October 20, 2010: data are analyzed when at least two of the three LIGO-Virgo detectors are in coincident operation, with a total observation time of

Data from the LIGO Livingston interferometer and the ALLEGRO resonant bar detector, taken during LIGO's fourth science run, were examined for cross-correlations indicative of a stochastic gravitational-wave background in the frequency range 850-950 Hz, with most of the sensitivity arising between 905 Hz and 925 Hz. ALLEGRO was operated in three different orientations during the experiment to modulate the relative sign of gravitational-wave and environmental correlations. No statistically significant correlations were seen in any of the orientations, and the results were used to set a Bayesian 90% confidence level upper limit of Ωgw(f ) ≤ 1.02, which corresponds to a gravitational wave strain at 915 Hz of 1.5×10 -23 Hz -1/2 . In the traditional units of h 2 100 Ωgw(f ), this is a limit of 0.53, two orders of magnitude better than the previous direct limit at these frequencies. The method was also validated with successful extraction of simulated signals injected in hardware and software.

We present the analysis of between 50 and 100 h of coincident interferometric strain data used to search for and establish an upper limit on a stochastic background of gravitational radiation. These data come from the first LIGO science run, during which all three LIGO interferometers were operated over a 2-week period spanning August and September of 2002. The method of cross correlating the outputs of two interferometers is used for analysis. We describe in detail practical signal processing issues that arise when working with real data, and we establish an observational upper limit on a f Ϫ3 power spectrum of gravitational waves. Our 90% confidence limit is ⍀ 0 h 100 2 р23Ϯ4.6 in the frequency band 40-314 Hz, where h 100 is the Hubble constant in units of 100 km/sec/Mpc and ⍀ 0 is the gravitational wave energy density per logarithmic frequency interval in units of the closure density. This limit is approximately 10 4 times better than the previous, broadband direct limit using interferometric detectors, and nearly 3 times better than the best narrow-band bar detector limit. As LIGO and other worldwide detectors improve in sensitivity and attain their design goals, the analysis procedures described here should lead to stochastic background sensitivity levels of astrophysical interest.

A measurement of the underground muon decoherence function has been performed using the multi- ple muon events collected by the MACRO detector at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory. A detector-independent analysis is presented for different zenith regions and rock depths; this allows direct comparison with any model of hadronic interactions. The measured decoherence function is compared with the predictions of a Monte Carlo simulation based on data taken by recent collider experiments.

We present a measurement of the underground decoherence function using multi-muon events observed in the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso at an average depth of 3800 hg/cm 2 . Muon pair separations up to 70 m have been measured, corresponding to parent mesons with P ⊥ ≤ 1÷2 GeV/c. Improved selection criteria are used to reduce detector effects mainly in the low distance separation region of muon pairs. Special care is given to a new unfolding procedure designed to minimize systematic errors in the numerical algorithm. The accuracy of the measurement is such that the possible contribution of rare processes, such as µ ± + N → µ ± + N + µ + + µ -, can be experimentally studied. The measured decoherence function is compared with the predictions of the hadronic interaction model of the HEMAS Monte Carlo code. Good agreement is obtained. We interpret this agreement to indicate that no anomalous P ⊥ components in soft hadron-Nucleus and Nucleus-Nucleus collisions are required by the MACRO experimental data. Preliminary comparisons with other Monte Carlo codes point out that the uncertainties associated with the hadronic interaction model may be as large as 20%, depending on the energy. MACRO data can be used as a benchmark for future work on the discrimination of shower models in the primary energy region around and below the knee of the spectrum.

This article outlines a framework for a systematic quantum philosophy. It addresses the metaphysical deficit of the Copenhagen interpretation, which has long risked collapsing into instrumentalism due to a lack of robust ontological grounding. Critiquing both naïve realist interpretations and neo-Kantian transcendental models, the author proposes a retrieval of Aristotelian hylomorphism mediated by 'pneuma' as an active, subtle, and formative substance. Tracing the historical decline of this pneumatic vehicle through Scholastic immaterialism, nominalism, and subjectivism, the article shows how quantum physics retroactively supports an ontology of immanent transcendence. Within this framework, quantum measurement is conceptualized as a bidirectional, participatory-incarnational event: a transition from objective potentiality to classical actualization. Ultimately, this quantum philosophy provides a coherent metaphysical foundation for quantum phenomena, framing cosmic history as a progressive process of physical incarnation.

Keywords: quantum philosophy, Bohr, Heisenberg, Aristotle, Plato, Maximus Confessor, Bacon, von Hartmann, Platonic form, pneumatic hylomorphism, logoi, nominalism.

This article presents a critical–propositional analysis of Mark Titleman’s An Explanation for Dark Energy from Whittaker Potential Theory (Zenodo, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10430063) in dialogue with the Theory of Objectivity (TO). The study examines Titleman’s hypothesis that dark energy may be understood as longitudinal dynamic motion within Whittaker potentials, produced when dynamic electromagnetism becomes functionally separated from time-static gravity in intergalactic space.

The analysis confronts this proposal with the seven modal axioms of TO, its phenomenic elements, the Expansive and Reductive Inducer Effects, the cosmogonic theorem, and the cosmological Eras of the Theory of Objectivity. It argues that Titleman’s article offers a fertile field of dialogue with TO because it treats dark energy not merely as a cosmological parameter, but as a relational phenomenon involving potentials, boundaries, luminosity, black holes, vacuum energy, radiation, and information.

The article also identifies conceptual and methodological tensions, especially the absence of a modal foundation, the lack of an explicit triadic ontology of observation, and the need for stronger mathematical and empirical formalization. The final evaluation assigns Titleman’s article a dialogue score of 8.0 out of 10 in relation to the Theory of Objectivity.

This analysis received analytical support from ChatGPT.

Keywords: Theory of Objectivity; Vidamor Cabannas; Denivaldo Silva; Mark Titleman; Whittaker Potential Theory; dark energy; modal ontology; phenomenic elements; Inducer Effects; Expansive Inducer Effect; Reductive Inducer Effect; cosmological Eras; cosmological coupling; black holes; vacuum energy; longitudinal waves; cosmic luminosity; information; atomic radiation; intergalactic space; boundary ontology; critical–propositional analysis.

In this paper, we propose a first order action functional for a large class of systems that generalize the relativistic perfect fluids in the Kähler parametrization to noncommutative spacetimes. The noncommutative action is parametrized by two arbitrary functions K(z, z) and f ( √ -j 2 ) that depend on the fluid potentials and represent the generalization of the Kähler potential of the complex surface parametrized by z and z, respectively, and the characteristic function of each model. We calculate the equations of motion for the fluid potentials and the energy-momentum tensor in the first order in the noncommutative parameter. The density current does not receive any noncommutative corrections and it is conserved under the action of the commutative generators P µ but the energy-momentum tensor is not. Therefore, we determine the set of constraints under which the energy-momentum tensor is divergenceless. Another set of constraints on the fluid potentials is obtained from the requirement of the invariance of the action under the generalization of the volume preserving transformations of the noncommutative spacetime. We show that the proposed action describes noncommutative fluid models by casting the energy-momentum tensor in the familiar fluid form and identifying the corresponding energy and momentum densities. In the commutative limit, they are identical to the corresponding quantities of the relativistic perfect fluids. The energy-momentum tensor contains a dissipative term that is due to the noncommutative spacetime and vanishes in the commutative limit. Finally, we particularize the theory to the case when the complex fluid potentials are characterized by a function K(z, z) that is a deformation of the complex plane and show that this model has important common features with the commutative fluid such as infinitely many conserved currents and a conserved axial current that in the commutative case is associated to the topologically conserved linking number.

A canonical pseudo-Nambu Goldstone Boson (pNGB) can play the role of a dark energy field responsible for present cosmic acceleration. Confronting with the recent cosmological data, we find that the pNGB field requires spontaneous symmetry breaking scale f close to MP and the initial field value fine-tuned. It is difficult to achieve a large f in a theoretically consistent set-up. A possible resolution can be achieved by increasing the Hubble friction in well motivated particle physics models in the general set-up of modified gravity theories. We show two phenomenological examples of this set-up where the standard pNGB action have been modified by introducing terms motivated from galileon cosmology. We confront those examples with the recent supernovae, PLANCK and BAO data. We find that moderate values of the dimensionless constants that increase the friction, make f << MP and the generic initial conditions also favourable by the data. We also comment how the fifth force constraints arising in these modified theories can be evaded. I.

We formulate an axiomatic argument showing that, under holography, unitarity, and nocloning, a stationary black hole cannot support an additional independent interior Hilbert space beyond the degrees of freedom already encoded by its horizon. The conclusion is not that one has proven singularity resolution in full quantum gravity, but rather that any interior singularity cannot correspond to an autonomous fundamental subsystem. Instead, the would-be interior must be emergent, redundant, or reconstructible from boundary data alone. This conclusion is consistent with the holographic viewpoint that the number of degrees of freedom associated with a gravitational region scales with boundary area rather than bulk volume.

We present a search for the rare radiative decay W AE ! AE using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4:3 fb À1 of proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV collected by the CDF experiment at Fermilab. As no statistically significant signal is observed, we set a 95%confidence-level upper limit on the relative branching fraction ÀðW AE ! AE Þ=ÀðW AE ! e AE Þ at 6:4 Â 10 À5 , a factor of 10 improvement over the previous limit.

The Cubic Manifold Projection Hypothesis (CMPH) presents a rigorous mathematical methodology for transforming high-dimensional, chaotic data into structured, navigable low-dimensional manifolds. In the contemporary research landscape, the fundamental obstacle to understanding complex systems is no longer data storage capacity but rather the architectural capacity to represent information in a form that exposes underlying generative constraints.

Measurements of inclusive production of the Λ, Ξ -and Ξ * (1530) baryons in two-photon collisions with the L3 detector at LEP are presented. The inclusive differential cross sections for Λ and Ξ -are measured as a function of the baryon transverse momentum, p t , and pseudo-rapidity, η. The mean number of Λ, Ξ -and Ξ * (1530) baryons per hadronic two-photon event is determined in the kinematic range 0.4 GeV < p t < 2.5 GeV, |η| < 1.2. Overall agreement with the theoretical models and Monte Carlo predictions is observed. A search for inclusive production of the pentaquark θ + (1540) in two-photon collisions through the decay θ + → pK 0 S is also presented. No evidence for production of this state is found.

We formalize and critically evaluate Primebound, a proposed multi-layer architecture for machine cognition assembled from six interacting components: a graph-native relational memory substrate, event-driven sparse computation, holographic compression, internal-validation telemetry, attractor-based cognition, and distributed multi-agent topology. The architecture is motivated by relational and prime-indexed structural intuitions drawn from the Universal Model Framework (UMF), but it is evaluated here on strictly computational grounds: every claimed advantage is reduced to a measurable statement about complexity, memory, robustness, or empirical performance, and every metaphor is stripped of assumed physical privilege. Because the word coherence is used in the source material to denote several distinct quantities, we first fix a taxonomy separating semantic, factual, dynamical, structural, and agent coherence, and we hold to it throughout. We then introduce a four-tier classification (rigorous, engineering-plausible, speculative-but-testable, metaphorical) and apply it layer by layer. The principal architectural finding is that the design is largely a relabeling of established methods: its attractor layer is mathematically the transformer's own attention mechanism, its holographic layer reduces to Holographic Reduced Representations with theorem-level capacity bounds, and its sparse and graph layers restate mixture-of-experts and graph-retrieval systems. Exactly one component-telemetry used as a closed-loop control signal for conditional computation-constitutes a genuinely novel and fundable research hypothesis, for which we give an explicit candidate functional, a two-threshold controller, a selective-risk objective, and a worked example. The paper's principal conceptual contribution is the false-coherence principle: any system that optimizes an internal-consistency proxy while its true objective is factual correctness will systematically amplify confident error wherever the two diverge-a failure that structurally unifies spurious attractors, degraded self-correction, echo-chamber consensus, and refinement toward a wrong fixed point. We specify a pre-registered benchmark suite whose negative outcomes would falsify the program. This work is evaluative and architectural in nature; it does not propose new devices or technologies, does not claim empirical performance gains, and does not assert that the originating physical framework confers any computational advantage.

We study three variants of multi-prover quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems. We first show that the class of problems that can be efficiently verified using polynomially many quantum proofs, each of logarithmic-size, is exactly MQA (also known as QCMA), the class of problems which can be efficiently verified via a classical proof and a quantum verifier. We then study the class BellQMA(poly), characterized by a verifier who first applies unentangled, nonadaptive measurements to each of the polynomially many proofs, followed by an arbitrary but efficient quantum verification circuit on the resulting measurement outcomes. We show that if the number of outcomes per nonadaptive measurement is a polynomially-bounded function, then the expressive power of the proof system is exactly QMA. Finally, we study a class equivalent to QMA(m), denoted SepQMA(m), where the verifier's measurement operator corresponding to outcome accept is a fully separable operator across the m quantum proofs. Using cone programming duality, we give an alternate proof of a result of Harrow and Montanaro [FOCS, pp. 633-642 (2010)] that shows a perfect parallel repetition theorem for SepQMA(m) for any m.

We study three variants of multi-prover quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems. We first show that the class of problems that can be efficiently verified using polynomially many quantum proofs, each of logarithmic-size, is exactly \class{MQA} (also known as QCMA), the class of problems which can be efficiently verified via a classical proof and a quantum verifier. We then study the class $\class{BellQMA}(\poly)$, characterized by a verifier who first applies unentangled, nonadaptive measurements to each of the polynomially many proofs, followed by an arbitrary but efficient quantum verification circuit on the resulting measurement outcomes. We show that if the number of outcomes per nonadaptive measurement is a polynomially-bounded function, then the expressive power of the proof system is exactly \class{QMA}. Finally, we study a class equivalent to \class{QMA}($m$), denoted $\class{SepQMA}(m)$, where the verifier&#39;s measurement operator corresponding to outcome {\it accept} is a fu...

We consider a class of two-prover interactive proof systems where each prover returns a single bit to the verifier and the verifier&#39;s verdict is a function of the XOR of the two bits received. We show that, when the provers are allowed to coordinate their behavior using a shared entangled quantum state, a perfect parallel repetition theorem holds in the following sense. The prover&#39;s optimal success probability for simultaneously playing a collection of XOR proof systems is exactly the product of the individual optimal success probabilities. This property is remarkable in view of the fact that, in the classical case (where the provers can only utilize classical information), it does not hold. The theorem is proved by analyzing parities of XOR proof systems using semidefinite programming techniques, which we then relate to parallel repetitions of XOR games via Fourier analysis.

We prove that the complexity class QIP, which consists of all problems having quantum interactive proof systems, is contained in PSPACE. This containment is proved by applying a parallelized form of the matrix multiplicative weights update method to a class of semidefinite programs that captures the computational power of quantum interactive proofs. As the containment of PSPACE in QIP follows

The fine-structure constant is not produced by a single geometric level of the funneledspring recursion. It is produced by a scaling cascade: under the Cohesion UFT pressure axiom, every recursion level generates sub-recursions at one-third the curvature scale, which generate sub-sub-recursions, and so on indefinitely. The top-level coupling C 0 = 3/2 (from the Hexpolar n = 6 geometry) decreases geometrically as the cascade descends: C k = C 0 3 k =

A two-flavor color superconducting (2SC) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model is introduced at finite temperature T , chemical potential µ and in the presence of a constant magnetic field ẽB. The effect of (T, µ, ẽB) on the formation of chiral and color symmetry breaking condensates is studied. The complete phase portrait of the model in T -µ, µ -ẽB, and T -ẽB phase spaces for various fixed ẽB, T , and µ is explored. A threshold magnetic field ẽB t ≃ 0.5 GeV 2 is found above which the dynamics of the system is solely dominated by the lowest Landau level (LLL) and the effects of T and µ are partly compensated by ẽB.

The quest for a self-consistent Theory of Everything (TOE) has historically faced a profound conceptual impasse: the structural reconciliation between the continuous geometric descriptions of general relativity and the discrete, algebraic nature of quantum states and number-theoretic invariants. In conventional frameworks, the fabric of spacetime is treated as a smooth, differentiable manifold where metrics evolve independently of numerical or arithmetic constraints. However, at the primordial Planckian scale, this smooth approximation breaks down, necessitating a stabilizing mechanism that prevents geometric divergences and ultraviolet catastrophes. This chapter introduces the formalization of the Unified Geometric-Spectral Coupling Framework, a pioneering paradigm wherein the infinitesimal structure of the macroscopic spacetime manifold L is shown to be rigidly constrained by discrete spectral invariants. We propose that the continuous metric of the universe does not exist in an analytical vacuum; rather, its very subsistence and topological flatness are governed by a dynamic "startup code" rooted in the distribution of the non-trivial Riemann zeros and the thermal damping operators of the Grablovitz cubic scaffold. By deconstructing the dynamic interactions within the manifold, we demonstrate how local geometric curvature is continuously regulated and "tamed" by the Universal Golden Attractor (\phi_{GN}), preventing the emergence of naked singularities and ensuring a smooth dimensional transition from the higher-dimensional string bulk to our four-dimensional universe. Through this analytical synergy, the stability of the cosmic metric is elevated from an accidental physical property to an explicit holographic necessity, offering a novel physical perspective on the geometric regularity underlying natural forms.

These lecture notes give a basic introduction to the physics of phase transitions under non-equilibrium conditions. The notes start with a general introduction to non-equilibrium statistical mechanics followed by four parts. The first one discusses the universality class of directed percolation, which plays a similar role as the Ising model in equilibrium statistical physics. The second one gives an overview about other universality classes which have been of interest in recent years. The third part extends the scope to models with long-range interactions, including memory effects and so-called Lévy flights. Finally, the fourth part is concerned with deposition-evaporation phenomena leading to wetting transitions out of equilibrium. Contents 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Master equation .

This paper presents results of recent experimental studies focusing on the behavior of special materials and composites under irradiation conditions and their potential use as accelerator targets. The paper also discusses the approach and goals of on-going investigations on an expanded material matrix geared toward the neutrino superbeam and muon collider initiatives.

We present the S-I-C-T framework, a heuristic operator model that decomposes the state of a complex system into four scalar quantities-Structure (S), Information (I), Cohesion (C), and Transformation (T)-and proposes a single organizing inequality, S + C ≥ I + T , as a candidate condition for dynamical coherence. We are explicit at the outset about what this is and is not: the inequality is posited, not derived from any conservation law or variational principle, and the framework is offered as a pre-paradigmatic organizing scheme rather than an established physical theory. Our contributions are (i) precise, computable definitions of the four operators on a configuration manifold, including three complementary operationalizations of Cohesion (a spectral/Lyapunov margin, an integrated-information measure, and a persistence functional); (ii) an honest catalogue of structural analogies-not equivalences-to integrated information theory, the free-energy principle, synergetics, and the renormalization group; and (iii) a controlled computational illustration on the two-dimensional Ising model, in which the four proxies are computed from first principles of statistical mechanics and the order parameter Λ = S + C-IT is shown to change sign near the Onsager critical temperature. We stress that this illustration is a re-description of well-understood physics and is not evidence that the framework predicts anything new. We close with a candid list of limitations, the dimensional and falsifiability problems that remain open, and the conditions under which S-I-C-T would graduate from heuristic to theory.

This essay reconstructs the genealogy of the Omega theory from its origins in the concept of Anujīvat (Microvitum) to its later formalization as a teleological field theory. It argues that the Omega operators did not arise as an isolated mathematical invention, but from the attempt to clarify the formative tendencies originally attributed to Microvita. The development proceeds through several conceptual stages: self-reference (a ia) as the minimal condition of coherence; attention, meta-attention, and Zeno dynamics as mechanisms of selection, stabilization, and transformation; the Sarkar-Harman convergence as a fourfold transformational space; teleological semantics as a theory of trajectories and attractors; and teleological curvature as the emergent geometry of meaning. Artificial semantic fields provide the decisive methodological shift. They do not prove the ontological existence of Microvita, but they make Microvita-like effectsattractor formation, coherence shifts, directional transformations, semantic convergence, and field curvature-modelable and experimentally approachable. The later differentiation of Ω into Ω₁-Ω₄, and the bifurcation of Ω₄ into Ω₄⁺ and Ω₄⁻, extends the framework from consciousness and semantic organization to culture, history, and violence. The essay concludes that the movement from अ to Ω expresses a general insight: across multiple scales, from self-reference and semantic organization to consciousness, culture, and history, coherence emerges through operators acting upon relational structures.

The origin of life remains one of the greatest unresolved questions in science. Current theories generally assume that life emerged independently on Earth through chemical evolution and subsequently diversified through biological processes. However, recent discoveries indicate that several planetary bodies within the Solar System may once have possessed environments favorable for life. Ancient fluvial systems on Mars, climate simulations of early Venus, and the subsurface oceans of Europa and Enceladus collectively suggest that habitable environments were not restricted to Earth alone [1-4]. This paper proposes the Simultaneous Solar System Biogenesis Hypothesis (SSBH), according to which primitive biological systems may have emerged across multiple planetary bodies during the early history of the Solar System. Differences in planetary evolution subsequently determined whether those biospheres survived, evolved, or became extinct. The hypothesis further explores the possibility that biological material was exchanged among planetary bodies through lithopanspermia, creating a partially interconnected Solar System biosphere. A mathematical framework for planetary habitability is introduced, together with observational strategies capable of testing the hypothesis. If future evidence supports this framework, Earth may represent not the sole cradle of life but one surviving branch of a broader Solar System biological history.