Scientific Production

Cuban scientific output at macro level has not been frequently studied in the literature on scientometrics. The current paper explores the different metric approaches to the Cuban scientific activity carried out by national and international authors. Also, the article develops a scientometric study of the Cuban scientific production as included in Scopus during the period 1996-2007, using socioeconomic indicators combined with bibliometric indicators supported by the SCImago Journal & Country Rank. Web of Science and Scopus are compared as information sources. Results confirm the possibility to use Scopus to obtain an objective picture of the Cuban science behaviour during the end of the 1990s and the beginning of the XXI century. The SCImago Journal & Country Rank, in this case, offers an important set of indicators. The combination of these indicators with those related to socioeconomic aspects of activities in Science and Technology, allow the authors to show a perspective of the Cuban science system evolution during the period analyzed. The inclusion in Scopus of less-cited journals published in Spanish language and its impact on productivity and citation-based indicators is also discussed. Our investigation found an increasing growth of the Cuban scientific production during the whole period, which is in correspondence to the country efforts and expenditures in Research and Development activities.

The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the quality of research and teaching of professors in the engineering area, analyzing the relationship betwee n scientific indicators on productivity and the teach ing process inside the classroom. A case study was made at Escola Politécnica (São Paulo - Brazil). The resear ch question is: does the quality of research

This article outlines the evolution of international scientific production in Spain over the last 25 years, a period characterised by steady growth in research production. The following stages in this process are identified in accordance with some of the factors that predominated at different times. From 1974 to 1982 production increased due to causes endogenous to the scientific system itself, as scientists brought their work into line with the patterns which characterised research in other industrialised countries. From 1982 to 1991 the prioritisation of R&D by government administrative bodies represented a constant stimulus, implemented through a set of legal measures, investments and the creation of posts for new researchers. From 1989 to the present the creation of the Comisión Nacional de Evaluación de la Actividad Investigadora (National Commission for the Evaluation of Research Activity, CNEAI) and the research incentive system have provided a further stimulus, which has led to the maintenance of, and an increase in, the rate of research production in spite of the net decrease in the monetary value of research grants awarded during the last period analysed. Other special characteristics of Spanish research, such as its dependence on the public sector and its essentially academic nature, are discussed.

Populations located in the vicinity of slopes and soils derived from volcanic ash are constantly at risk due to the possibility of landslides. Such is the case of the city of Manizales, Colombia, which, due to its geomorphological characteristics, has experienced a significant number of landslides that have caused human and economic losses. The Internet of things (IoT) has allowed important technological advances for monitoring, thanks to the low cost and wide coverage of IoT-based systems. Slope monitoring and the development of landslide early warning systems (EWS) have been positively impacted by IoT developments, which shows a relationship. The objective of this article is to review, from the scientific production, the relationship between IoT and EWS. For this purpose, a fragmenting-deriving-combining methodology is applied to focus on a research trends analysis of the subject, from macroareas such as IoT and EWS to micro areas such as EWS by IoT-based landslides. Finally, the analysis concluded that the conceptual models of IoT and EWS for landslides have some correspondence in some of their layers.

In the near future, Brazil is expected to face a number of challenges with regards to economic and social development, and scientific production is a critical aspect of this development process. Over the past 30 years, there has been an almost 18-fold increase in the number of brazilian papers published, up from about 2,000 in 1980 to more than 35,000 in 2009. In this study we analyze the evolution of scientific production in terms of input (resources and permanent investigators) and output (scientific papers and doctorate graduates). We evaluate whether structural investments and the number of investigators at universities are both able to explain the increase in the number of papers, by investigating the relationships among growth rates in investments and the quantity of the papers published, as well as the number of doctorate graduates and active permanent investigators. As an indication of the fluctuations in investments pertaining to academic research, we consider the budget history of the largest Brazilian federal agencies charged with providing academic grants. We observe that the burgeoning number of papers has occurred independently of investments and the number of established investigators, thus suggesting an increase in the efficiency of Brazilian scientific output. Moreover, this increase in efficiency has occurred in conjunction with an increased number of Doctoral graduates per year. In this context, we propose that an evaluation of the academic structure is necessary in order to ascertain the risks of this increased ''efficiency''. Moreover, the recent cut of over US$ 1 billion announced by the Brazilian government may jeopardize the quality of scientific output in the future.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze how reorganization of public research organizations and shrinking public research lab budgets affect the evolution of research activity and scientific productivity. This study focuses on a case study of National Research Council of Italy (CNR), one of largest European public research organizations , to identify evolution of research activities and dynamics of scientific production from 2000 to 2019. The statistical analysis suggests that, in line with the origin of the CNR, scientific research focuses mainly on research fields of natural sciences, such as chemical, life and physical sciences, with an increasing role of scientific research in energy, engineering and mathematics. The study also shows a high intensity of collaboration of the CNR within international research networks. A key finding of this study is to show, for the first time, that although uncertain reforms and reductions of public funds, scientific productivity is growing. This novel result can be explained with self-determination of scholars as a vital determinant supporting scientific production that outclasses shrinking public research lab budgets and organizational deficiencies. The management and research policy implications of this study can be generalized to support an efficient organizational and managerial behavior, and higher scientific productivity of public research institutes in contexts of reduced public funding and market turbulence.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine the publication output of Research in Higher Education for subject support in collection development in the light of growing interest in diversified domains of research in higher education. Design/methodology/approach -The paper presents a quantitative analysis of 202 articles published in Research in Higher Education from 2000 to 2005. It employs bibliometric analysis to investigate the publication distribution, authorship patterns, research collaborations among scholars, and citation analysis to profile surrogated information for higher education resource management. Findings -Analysis of 40 issues of publications revealed a diversified usage pattern of bibliographic reference sources by contributing researchers, with a cumulative total of citations being 8,374. A positive trend in research collaboration of contributing authors, and a steady growth in the use of reference sources, periodicals and web documents in the citations signify the trend of scholarly communication of research works in the electronic age. Similar to other disciplines of research findings, journals and books were the most cited source materials for researchers discussed. Originality/value -This paper serves as a window to understanding the scientific productivity of contributing scholars, specifically in the field of higher education. This may assist researchers' and stakeholders' collection management decisions, and provide a referencing source for library professionals and policy makers.

The scientific production in a certain field shows, in great extent, the research interests in that field. Decision Support Systems are a particular class of information systems which are gaining more popularity in various domains. In order to identify the evolution in time of the publications number, authors, subjects, publications in the Decision Support Systems (DSS) field, and therefore the scientific world interest for this field, in November 2010 there have been organized a series of queries on three major international scientific databases: ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore Digital Library and ACM Digital Library. The results presented in this paper shows that, even the decision support systems research field started in 1960s, the interests for this type of systems grew exponentially with each year in the last decades.

The incidence of extramural collaboration in academic research activities is increasing as a result of various factors. These factors include policy measures aimed at fostering partnership and networking among the various components of the research system, policies which are in turn justified by the idea that knowledge sharing could increase the effectiveness of the system. Over the last two decades, the scientific community has also stepped up activities to assess the actual impact of collaboration intensity on the performance of research systems. This study draws on a number of empirical analyses, with the intention of measuring the effects of extramural collaboration on research performance and, indirectly, verifying the legitimacy of policies that support this type of collaboration. The analysis focuses on the Italian academic research system. The aim of the work is to assess the level of correlation, at institutional level, between scientific productivity and collaboration intensity as a whole, both internationally and with private organizations. This will be carried out using a bibliometric type of approach, which equates collaboration with the co-authorship of scientific publications.

There are important transformations for the Environmental Psychology in Spain since its birth and first steps until its full development. In this work we try to reflect this evolution. Our main objective is centered in the analysis of the development and extent of empirical Environmental Psychology research in Spain. The last twenty years scientific production has been progressively consolidated. The

How does science evolve? This study confronts this problem here by showing different models of scientific development from sociology, philosophy and history of science. Firstly, this paper clarifies the concept of science and scientific research. Secondly, the study proposes different theories that can explain how science and its scientific disciplines develop over the course of time. Thirdly, some relevant laws about the production and evolution of science and scientific fields are presented. Overall, then, this study clarifies, as far as possible, some approaches and characteristics of the evolutionary dynamics of science that can lay a foundation for the development of comprehensive properties to explain the advancement of science and technology in society.

This paper presents a methodology for measuring the technical efficiency of research activities. It is based on the application of data envelopment analysis to bibliometric data on the Italian university system. For that purpose, different input values (research personnel by level and extra funding) and output values (quantity, quality and level of contribution to actual scientific publications) are considered. Our study aims at overcoming some of the limitations connected to the methodologies that have so far been proposed in the literature, in particular by surveying the scientific production of universities by authors’ name.

UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA Resumen Este repertorio bibliográfico, cuya extensión aconseja publicarlo en varias entregas, se propone cubrir lo más exhaustivamente posible la producción científica sobre erotismo y sexualidad en la Antigüedad (y en menor medida también sobre Women and Gender Studies) en los últimos cincuenta años, incluyendo una selección de estudios anteriores de particular importancia.

The aim of the study is to characterize the worldwide scientific production on emotional intelligence in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The study is quantitative with bibliometric methodology. Its scope is descriptive and retrospective. The unit of study was considered to be the world scientific production generated on emotional intelligence, in the period from 2000 to 2021. A total of 2000 documents from the Web of Science database and 2000 from Scopus were analyzed. Regarding the number of authors, Scopus presents 4053 and Web of Science 4190 authors. The rate of collaboration between authors is slightly higher in Web of Science (2.26) compared to 2.22 in Scopus. The article "The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study" stands out as the most cited document in this period and Konstantinos Petrides of University College London as the author with the highest number of publications on emotional intelligence. The journal Personality and Individual Differences (Elsevier) is the medium with the largest number of documents on the subject. The United States is the main producer of scientific evidence, highlighting its collaborations with the United Kingdom. The type of scientific production that stands out most is original articles. It is most important databases, generating a complete and comparative analysis highlighting the global trends in research related to emotional intelligence.

Journal publications are important to facilitate knowledge sharing among production and operations management (POM) academics and practitioners. The purpose of this study was to explore the global POM research performance based on papers published in 20 core POM journals in the past half century. The data for the study were obtained from Thomson Reuters' Web of Science/Knowledge databases, from 1959 to 2008, when 63,776 papers were published in POM journals. The annual distribution of papers published shows a significant growth in POM research productivity over the time period 1959 to 2008. The most productive authors in these five decades were T.

This project focuses on leveraging scientific visualization and analytics software technology as an enabling technology for increasing scientific productivity and insight. Advances in computational technology have resulted in an "information big bang," which in turn has created a significant data understanding challenge. This challenge is widely acknowledged to be one of the primary bottlenecks in contemporary science. The vision for our Center is to respond directly to that challenge by adapting, extending, creating when necessary and deploying visualization and data understanding technologies for our science stakeholders. Using an organizational model as a Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies (VACET), we are well positioned to be responsive to the needs of a diverse set of scientific stakeholders in a coordinated fashion using a range of visualization, mathematics, statistics, computer and computational science and data management technologies.

The technological transformation has directly affected the functional areas of companies. This circumstance has been a challenge for corporate accounting, since the emerging technology allows handling a large volume of data, and providing valuable information for operational management, managerial control, and strategic planning. The aim of this study is to analyze current and future lines of research globally, during the period 1961–2019, on emerging technologies in corporate accounting. For this, bibliometric techniques were applied to 1126 articles on this subject to obtain findings on scientific production and the main subject areas. Scientific production has increased annually, so that in the last decade de 60.66% of all articles have been published. The main subject areas in which more articles were linked were business, management and accounting, social sciences, and economics, econometrics, and finance. Six lines of research have been identified that generate contributions o...

BACKGROUND: The concept of a tree of life is prevalent in the evolutionary literature. It stems from attempting to obtain a grand unified natural system that reflects a recurrent process of species and lineage splittings for all forms of life. Traditionally, the discipline of systematics operates in a similar hierarchy of bifurcating (sometimes multifurcating) categories. The assumption of a universal tree of life hinges upon the process of evolution being tree-like throughout all forms of life and all of biological time. In multicellular eukaryotes, the molecular mechanisms and species-level population genetics of variation do indeed mainly cause a tree-like structure over time. In prokaryotes, they do not. Prokaryotic evolution and the tree of life are two different things, and we need to treat them as such, rather than extrapolating from macroscopic life to prokaryotes. In the following we will consider this circumstance from philosophical, scientific, and epistemological perspectives, surmising that phylogeny opted for a single model as a holdover from the Modern Synthesis of evolution.

RESULTS: It was far easier to envision and defend the concept of a universal tree of life before we had data from genomes. But the belief that prokaryotes are related by such a tree has now become stronger than the data to support it. The monistic concept of a single universal tree of life appears, in the face of genome data, increasingly obsolete. This traditional model to describe evolution is no longer the most scientifically productive position to hold, because of the plurality of evolutionary patterns and mechanisms involved. Forcing a single bifurcating scheme onto prokaryotic evolution disregards the non-tree-like nature of natural variation among prokaryotes and accounts for only a minority of observations from genomes.

CONCLUSION: Prokaryotic evolution and the tree of life are two different things. Hence we will briefly set out alternative models to the tree of life to study their evolution. Ultimately, the plurality of evolutionary patterns and mechanisms involved, such as the discontinuity of the process of evolution across the prokaryote-eukaryote divide, summons forth a pluralistic approach to studying evolution.

The phenomenon of entrepreneurial universities has received considerable attention over the last decades. An entrepreneurial orientation by academia might put regions and nations in an advantageous position in emerging knowledge-intensive fields of economic activity. At the same time, such entrepreneurial orientation requires reconciliation with the scientific missions of academia. Large-scale empirical research on antecedents of the entrepreneurial effectiveness of universities is scarce. This contribution examines the extent to which scientific productivity affect entrepreneurial effectiveness, taking into account the size of universities and the presence of disciplines, as well as the R&D intensity of the regional business environment (BERD). In addition, we assess the occurrence of trade-offs between different transfer mechanisms (contract research, patenting and spin off activity). The data used pertain to 105 European universities. Our findings reveal that scientific productivity is positively associated with entrepreneurial effectiveness. Trade-offs between transfer mechanisms do not reveal themselves; on the contrary, contract research and spin off activities tend to facilitate each other. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

Objectives: To assess (a) the trend of MEDLINE citation of pediatrics articles associated with Brazilian institutions from 1990 through 2004; (b) the number of Brazilian pediatrics articles published in journals with the highest impact factor; and (c) the regional distribution of institutions.

Die periphere arterielle Verschlusskrank heit (PAVK) ist weitaus gefährlicher und verbreiteter als vielfach angenommen. Die getABIStudie [1] zeigt, dass 20 % der > 60Jährigen eine PAVKPrävalenz aufweisen. Die PAVK wird oft zu spät diagnostiziert. Das liegt vor allem da ran, dass die Betroffenen lange Zeit be schwerdefrei sind und eine entsprechen de Untersuchung daher meist erst in akuten Verdachtsfällen erfolgt. Mit dem KnöchelArmIndex ("ankle brachial in dex" [ABI]) ist die Diagnose einer PAVK durchführbar. Der KnöchelArm Index (ABI) ist ein wesentlicher Marker zur Vorhersage von Herzinfarkt, Schlag anfall und Mortalität. PAVKFrüherkennung mit dem boso ABIsystem 100: Ein Gewinn für alle. Eine präzise und schnelle, vaskulär orientierte Erst untersuchung.

In this paper, we describe our decade-long experience of building and operating one of the most active Institutional Repository in the world: www.saber.ula.ve <http://www.saber.ula.ve> (University of the Andes, Mérida-Venezuela). In order to share our experience with other institutions, ...

There is a paucity of papers dealing with the system characteristics of laboratories or, to put it another way, the institutional character of research organizations. Neither R&D economics nor the sociology of science, as traditionally conceived, has made much headway in providing insight into sets of R&D laboratories and their evolution. Drawing upon an empirical study in the plant breeding and biochemical industry, this paper presents a typology of public research laboratories which is based on three dimensions : scientific production and visibility, type of funding (public or private) and homogeneity of research themes. Three types of public laboratory. emerge: the first, called "research centres for the profession", is composed essentially of laboratories with close ties with SMEs and industry associations. The second, called "designers of generic tools and methods", is oriented towards basic research and themes of general interest to the industry as a whole. The third type, called "basic and specialised laboratories", strives to develop its scientific visibility. Contracts between this type of laboratory and industry are mainly bilateral and demonstrate the complementarity between public and private research. Each type of laboratory develops specific types of relationship with private partners. The authors have identified three logics underlying these relationships: proximity, market and club. The main objective of contracts based on a proximity logic is to test an hypothesis, while the knowledge produced is mostly tacit and specific. By contrast, knowledge is entirely coded and specific in the market logic, where the aim of the contract is to implement expertise in order to relieve a scientific bottleneck. In a club logic, the aim of contracts is to produce * We would like to thank the National Institute for Agronomic Research which gave financial support and access to information. Many thanks to our colleagues of SERD whose contribution was critical. We thank Thierry Gonard [ESC Nantes] and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments. Of course, all mistakes remain ours. The first version of this paper was presented at EUNETIC conference, Strasbourg, 1994.

This paper analyzes antecedents of patent activity of 87 European universities. The findings reveal that more patent activity is observed within larger universities and at universities that encompass engineering and biomedical departments. Higher levels of scientific productivity and contract research coincide with higher levels of patent activity. The findings reveal that academic patenting is contingent on the combined effect of a scientific and entrepreneurial orientation of universities.

This Review Talk concerns, in a detailed way, the mass discrepancy phenomenon detected in galaxies that usually we account by postulating the presence of a non luminous non baryonic component. In the theoretical framework of Newtonian Gravity and Dark Matter Halos, we start by recalling the properties of the latter, as emerging from the state-of-the-art of the numerical simulations performed in the current ΛCDM scenario of cosmological structure formation and evolution. We then report the simple, but much-telling, phenomenology of the distribution of dark and luminous matter in Spirals, Ellipticals, and dwarf Spheroidals. It will be shown that a coherent observational framework emerges from reliable data of different large samples of objects. The findings come after applying different methods of investigation to different tracers of the gravitational field. They include RCs and dispersion velocities profiles fitting, X-ray emitting gas properties analysis, weak and strong lens signal mass decompositions, analysis of halo and baryonic mass functions. We will then highlight the impressive evidence that the distribution of dark and luminous matter are closely correlated and that have universal characteristics. Hints on how this phenomenological scenario of the mass distribution in galaxies, including the Milky Way and the nearby ones, has a cosmological role, are given. Finally, we discuss the constraints on the elusive nature of the dark matter particle that observations pose to its direct and indirect searches.

Most intuitive notions of the "strength" of an interpersonal tie should be satisfied by the following definition: the strength of a tie is a (probably linear) combination of the amount of time, the emotional intensity, the intimacy (mutual confiding), and the reciprocal services which characterize the tie. Each of these is somewhat independent of the other, though the set is obviously highly intracorrelated. Discussion of operational measures of and weights attaching to each of the four elements is postponed to future empirical studies M. Granovetter (1973):1361, emphasis added Abstract: Increased specialization and extensive collaboration are common behaviours in the scientific community, as well as the evaluation of scientific research based on bibliometric indicators. This paper aims to analyse the effect of collaboration (co-authorship) on the scientific output of Italian economists.

Saludables (RCES): una sociedad entre academia y gobierno para desarrollar directrices científicas en cuanto a conservación y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad marina RESUMEN: El programa de la Red Canadiense de Ecosistemas Saludables (RCES) fue concebido para unificar a líderes académicos e investigadores de gobierno con manejadores de recursos de las agencias federales del Canadá, con el fin de lograr un mejor entendimiento de la información científica concerniente a la biodiversidad marina en el Pacífico, Atlántico y Ártico canadienses. En específico, la red está generando diversos productos para informar los compromisos políticos en temas de conservación y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad marina. La desconexión entre la investigación científica dirigida y su aplicación en políticas públicas, resulta en una falta de información científica relevante para tomar decisiones cuya resolución no puede esperar a la acumulación de conocimientos. Para reducir esta brecha, la investigación llevada a cabo en la RCES se estructura en tres tópicos integrados y entrelazados: biodiversidad marina, funcionamiento de ecosistemas y conectividad entre poblaciones. Los productos derivados de la RCES van desde mapas de líneas base, bases de datos y códigos de barras como herramienta para comprender procesos y monitorear cambios en el futuro; herramientas predictivas para maximizar el conocimiento de los patrones espaciales y temporales de la diversidad, herramientas analíticas y de muestreo para caracterizar y evaluar la relación entre hábitat y biodiversidad; marcos conceptuales para la toma de decisiones en el contexto del manejo integral y sustentable del océano, nuevos hallazgos sobre biodiversidad y funcionamiento de ecosistemas; hasta la emisión de sugerencias específicas, suplemento de datos, modelos y sistemas de información para apoyar los esfuerzos de ordenación marina.

A large number of studies have focused on water erosion in the southern Alps because of its intensity and the high erodability affecting numerous outcrops in this region. The aim of this paper is to determine the relations between natural and human factors on the one hand, geomorphologic behaviour of hillslopes and fluvio-torrential dynamics at two time scales (geological and historical) on the other hand. This paper specially focuses on the recent weakening of torrential activity and its linkage with reforestation and rural desertion on the watersheds. Another objective is to compare these results with a rich mainly French scientific production on this theme. Experimental data on: current erosion measurements and the analysis of its processes on the one hand, and geomorphologic background of river beds and slopes, are compared and analysed using archives and the present knowledge on historical climate. It has been shown that the overexploitation of watersheds leads to an increase in soil loss, in the number and intensity of floods in alpine valleys, as well as to an enhancement of sediment transport. However, climatic changes during the Holocene and during the past millennium have resulted in changes in morphological behaviour of the hillslopes upstream and of river beds downstream.

The development of technologies enables the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in urban environments, creating smart cities. Hence, the optimal management of data generated in the interconnection of electronic sensors in real time improves the quality of life. The objective of this study is to analyze global research on smart cities based on IoT technology applications. For this, bibliometric techniques were applied to 1232 documents on this topic, corresponding to the period 2011–2019, to obtain findings on scientific activity and the main thematic areas. Scientific production has increased annually, so that the last triennium has accumulated 83.23% of the publications. The most outstanding thematic areas were Computer Science and Engineering. Seven lines have been identified in the development of research on smart cities based on IoT applications. In addition, the study has detected seven new future research directions. The growing trend at the global level of scientific ...

Literature on the conversion from intensive to organic farming is scarce. However, both the conversion of farmers to organic farming and of consumers to organic food are the driving forces for the development of the organic sector. In this review, we combine agricultural and social scientists' viewpoints for a critical appraisal of literature on conversion to organic food and farming. First, a brief historical retrospective enables us to refer the scientific production to the institutional and economic context over the past decades. Secondly, we review the methods used to analyse conversion in agricultural and social sciences, and show that emphasis is most often laid upon the effects of conversion and the motivations to convert, on the basis of comparative approaches with so-called conventional agriculture. Therefore, the literature minimises the importance of transitional aspects and trajectories, and rarely approaches conversion as a longer process than its legal duration and from a wider point of view. Thirdly, we examine the paradigms of input efficiency and system redesign, which frame discussions about transitions in agriculture, beyond organics, and therefore helps shed light on sustainability issues. We suggest that analysing conversion and more generally transitions in agriculture as multidimensional issues, involving both production and social practices, entails interdisciplinary approaches and the redefinition of some central research topics. organic food and farming / conversion / transition / conventionalisation thesis / interdisciplinarity / redesign Article published by EDP Sciences and available at

We analyze the temporal evolution of emerging fields within several scientific disciplines in terms of numbers of authors and publications. From bibliographic searches we construct databases of authors, papers, and their dates of publication. We show that the temporal development of each field, while different in detail, is well described by population contagion models, suitably adapted from epidemiology to reflect the dynamics of scientific interaction. Dynamical parameters are estimated and discussed to reflect fundamental characteristics of the field, such as time of apprenticeship and recruitment rate. We also show that fields are characterized by simple scaling laws relating numbers of new publications to new authors, with exponents that reflect increasing or decreasing returns in scientific productivity.

We report on a field experiment held near Silver Lake playa in the Mojave Desert in February 1999 with the Marsokhod rover. The payload (Descent Imager, PanCam, Mini-TES, and Robotic Arm Camera), data volumes, and data transmission/receipt windows simulated those planned for the Mars Surveyor mission selected for 2001. A central mast with a pan and tilt platform at 150 cm height carried a high-resolution color stereo imager to simulate the PanCam and a visible/near-infrared fiberoptic spectrometer (operating range 0.35-2.5 •m). Monochrome stereo navigation cameras were mounted on the mast and the front and rear of the rover near the wheels.

The main aim of this study was to present evidence of the ways in which different media have conditioned and dramatically reorganized education, in general, and mathematics education, in particular. After an introduction of the theme, we discuss the epistemological perspective that provides the foundation for our analysis: the notion of humans-with-media. Then, we briefly illustrate how the medium is related to the scientific production of mathematical knowledge. We take a detour into the world of art to examine how devices and instruments have historically been associated with the production of mathematical knowledge. Then, we review studies on the history of education to show how traditional media were introduced into schools and have influenced education. In particular, we examine how devices such as blackboards and notebooks, which were novelties a 100 years ago, came to be accepted in schools and the mathematical activities that were promoted with their use. Finally, we discuss how information technology has changed education and how the Internet may have an impact on mathematics education comparable to that of the notebook over a century ago.

Latin-American scientific achievement is generally under-represented in databases for a number of reasons pointed out in our study. In this paper we analyze Latin-American scientific production in terms of input (resources) and output (publications). The indicators used were: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), economically active population (EAP), percentage of GNP destined to R+D, and total number of researchers dedicated to R+D. These indicators were subjected to bivariant analysis to determine the degree of correlation with the number of ISI publications.

Worldwide collaboration in high-energy physics (HEP) is a tradition which dates back several decades, with scientific publications mostly coauthored by scientists from different countries. This coauthorship phenomenon makes it difficult to identify precisely the "share" of each country in HEP scientific production. One year's worth of HEP scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals is analysed and their authors are uniquely assigned to countries. This method allows the first correct estimation on a pro rata basis of the share of HEP scientific publishing among several countries and institutions. The results provide an interesting insight into the geographical collaborative patterns of the HEP community. The HEP publishing landscape is further analysed to provide information on the journals favoured by the HEP community and on the geographical variation of their author bases. These results provide quantitative input to the ongoing debate on the possible transition of HEP publishing to an Open Access model.

Analisa os temas da produção científica internacional,publicada entre 2006 e 2015, sobre Organização do Conhecimento (OC) e Recuperação de Informação (RI) indexada nas bases de dados Web of Science (WoS) e Scopus. Desenvolve uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória e tem como corpus 100 artigos que relacionam a Organização do Conhecimento e a Recuperação de Informação, publicados entre 2006 e 2015 em periódicos indexados nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus. Analisa os artigos que compõem o corpus e  classifica-os utilizando como categorias as dimensões da organização do conhecimento, consideradas subtemas do Congresso Brasileiro de Organização do Conhecimento da International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO): dimensão epistemológica, dimensão aplicada, dimensão social e política. Reconhece que a maioria da produção científica está concentrada na dimensão aplicada, o que pode ser explicada pela característica aplicada da RI. A dimensão epistemológica aparece como segun...

The scientific output of research sectors involved in Cuban R&D activities during the period 2003-2007, using Scopus as data source, was analyzed. Quantitative and qualitative dimension of the scientific production was described through a set of bibliometric indicators. The most productive and visible sectors were identified. The evolution of the total scientific output by sector, and the behavior of the three most important sectors were studied. Inter-sector relationships were visualized with the aim to analyze the national scientific macro-structure. The growth of Higher Education and Health Sector determined the nation's growth during this period. Despite a positive evolution of the Cuban scientific output, a weak linkage between universities and institutions of science and technological innovation, and also scarce relationships between scientific research centers and health institutions, were observed. Low indices of international collaboration in Health Sector, and deficient links between R&D units of enterprises and institutions belonging to Higher Education and Science and Technology, were also identified.

Presently, science is an important precondition for the economic development of less-developed countries. This paper discusses the specific roles that science has at initial stages of development, pointing to its contributions for the countries' absorptive capability. Furthermore, this paper specifies the role of science for initiating a positive interaction with technological development, since initial stages of development and during catching up processes. For less-developed countries, neither the linear model of technology nor an "inverted linear model" would take place: a more interactive approach is necessary for development. Using statistics of patents (USPTO) and scientific papers (ISI) for 120 countries (1974, 1982, 1990, and 1998), this paper analyses some evidences on thresholds levels of scientific production to originate an interactive relationship between science and technology. These data also document that the value of this threshold seems to double from one period to another. Although this paper presents tentative results, some policy implications are discussed: scientific institutional building must be seen as a component of modern industrial policies.

The CIC among Brazilian researchers refers to the activity of providing information and knowledge that enables the joint work of experts for the resolution of problems and development of new ideas or theories, which usually result in joint scientific publications. Thus, the objective of this article is to elaborate a model that relates the factors that influence the diffusion of the CIC among Brazilian researchers in the modality "productivity" of CNPq, as mechanisms for generating innovations and new knowledge, measured by scientific production. As for the method, in a first moment a bibliographic research was carried out to evaluate existing models in the literature regarding the determining factors of the ICC on the capacity of innovation and generation of innovations in the HEIs, especially in the research groups. Next, the structural and measurement model was elaborated and validated using an online questionnaire for data collection, with five-point likert questions, sent to researchers in the productivity modality in research, levels SR, 2, 1A, 1B and 1C of CNPq. The questionnaire was answered by 262 researchers and the collected data were analyzed using the SEM analysis instrument based on PLS. The results found indicated that the hypotheses of the model were accepted. The results revealed that the individual characteristics of the researchers, the organizational characteristics and the technology contribute to the CIC, which in turn favors the generation of publications and promotion of knowledge. In addition, individual characteristics and publications contribute to the advancement of innovation.

The emotions that human beings experience have a key role in the environments in which they operate. In art education, creative processes are influenced by the emotions and experiences lived by the individual, enabling a more emotional and creative design to make life more pleasant. The aim was to examine the research during the period 1917–2020 on the development of emotional creativity in art education. Mathematical and statistical techniques were applied to 984 articles carried from Elsevier’s Scopus database. The findings yielded data on the scientific productivity of the journal, authors, research institutions, and countries/territories that promoted this field. The data showed an exponential trend, mostly in the last decade. Five lines of research stand out: emotion, higher education, education, art, and leadership. Moreover, five future research directions related to visual art education, affective paradigm, metacompetency, expressive arts therapy group, and cognitive empathy...

This project focuses on leveraging scientific visualization and analytics software technology as an enabling technology for increasing scientific productivity and insight. Advances in computational technology have resulted in an "information big bang," which in turn has created a significant data understanding challenge. This challenge is widely acknowledged to be one of the primary bottlenecks in contemporary science. The vision for our Center is to respond directly to that challenge by adapting, extending, creating when necessary and deploying visualization and data understanding technologies for our science stakeholders. Using an organizational model as a Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies (VACET), we are well positioned to be responsive to the needs of a diverse set of scientific stakeholders in a coordinated fashion using a range of visualization, mathematics, statistics, computer and computational science and data management technologies.

The process of restructuring European universities in order to harmonize their educational systems is rapidly approaching a key milestone as 2010 looms large on the horizon. Our universities must take this opportunity to evolve into highly competitive environments that are unhindered by linguistic constraints and fully capable of transferring knowledge. The objective of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, it sets out to analyze new forms of education and instruction made available on engineering degrees within a context of ever-greater internationalization; and, on the other hand, it seeks to highlight the benefits arising from joint collaboration between the teams that comprise interuniversity networks. To that end, data taken from surveys conducted in three European universities are used as real case studies. The results demonstrate that the internationalization of knowledge across universities has a positive impact on scientific productivity, improves the quality of education offered by the teaching staff and leads to greater student mobility. This strategy is intrinsically linked to learning from local experiences shared by members of the same university as well as from more global experiences made available through inter-university networks. It implies being willing to listen, to communicate, to engage in dialogue and means that we must seek to understand the potential contributions from the staff and students that make up each university.