Papers by Ashraf Y Nasr Naiem
Background Ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, and genitofemoral nerves are together known as "border ... more Background Ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, and genitofemoral nerves are together known as "border nerves" of the lumbar plexus. Aim of this study was to find out the variations in formation and branching pattern of these nerves and correlate with their clinical relevance. Materials and Methods For this study 30 formaldehyde preserved cadavers were used, and the nerves were studied on both the sides, thus making the sample size of 60. Results Iliohypogastric nerve was absent in 6.6% and double in 1.6%. It was prefixed with a twig from T12 in 6.6% and had origin from both L1 and L2 in 1.6%. The ilioinguinal nerve was absent in 3.3% and double in 3.3%. The genitofemoral nerve exhibited a large number of variations. It was absent in 1.6%. Early division of the nerve prior to emergence from the psoas major muscle was noticed in 13.3%, and early division soon after emergence from the muscle was noted in 3.3%. In one cadaver, on one side, genital branch was absent, and it continued as femoral branch only. In another cadaver, the nerve continued as genital branch only. In two other cases, genital and femoral branches were seen to arise separately from the lumbar plexus. The nerve had its origin from L1 and L2 in 25%, L2 and L3 in 25%, L1 in 3.3%, L2 in 46.66%, and L3 in 1.6% of the cases. Conclusion Knowledge of these variations would be of immense help during surgical approach and giving nerve block for anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in this region.
Zagazig university medical journal, Jun 29, 2015
The radial nerve is one of the most commonly injured nerves in long bone fractures. Knowledge of ... more The radial nerve is one of the most commonly injured nerves in long bone fractures. Knowledge of the anatomy of the radial nerve is a key component for safety and successful surgical procedures about the arm and the elbow. This study aimed to identify the level of the points at which the radial nerve begins and ends its course on the posterior shaft of humerus in relation to the palpable anatomic bony landmarks of the arm. The upper limbs of twenty adult human cadavers, ten males and ten females, were used in this study. The specimens were obtained from the Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University. The limbs were dissected and the radial nerve of each was exposed throughout its course within the arm. The distance between the points of both radial nerve entry and exit on the spiral groove was measured in relation to different bony landmarks. The values were measured in millimeters and in percentages in relation to the humeral length. The average humeral length (from the postero lateral angle of acromion to the centre of lateral epicondyle) was 316 mm ± 5.5 in male upper limbs and 286 mm ± 15.4 in female upper limbs. The mean distance from the point of radial nerve entry to the lateral angle of acromion, tip of the coracoid process, centre of lateral and medial epicondyles was 143.3 ± 14 mm (44.5%), 131.7 ± 14.9 mm (42.5%), 174.2 ±13.3 mm (55.5%) and 178.1± 15.2 mm(57.5%) in male upper limbs and they were 121.4 ± 10.4 mm (42.4%), 116.6 ± 12.3 mm (41.4%), 164.6 ± 1.9 mm (57.6%) & 166.3 ± 13.2 mm (58.6%) in female upper limbs respectively. However, the mean distances from the point of radial nerve exit to same bony landmarks were 214.2 ± 12.4 mm (67.7%), 205.6 ± 13.2 mm (66.4%), 102.5 ± 12.9 mm (32.3%), 104.7 ± 13 mm (33.8%) in male upper limbs and were 185.3 ± 14.6 mm(64.8%), 180.9 ± 13.4 mm (64.8%), 100.3 ± 8 mm (35.1%), 101.3 ± 7 mm (36%) and 23.8 ± 6 mm (8%) in female upper limbs respectively. Significant differences (P < 0.01) were reported between most of radial nerve measurements of both male and female upper limbs with exception of the mean distance from the point of radial nerve exit to the centre of both lateral and medial epicondyles. However, no significant differences were recorded between the measurements of right and left upper limbs of male or female cadavers. The palpable bony landmarks of arm provide an accurate data for the surgeon to determine the location and to avoid the iatrogenic injury of the radial nerve during the surgical interventions of the arm.
Anatomical Science International, Jan 2, 2017
Folia morphologica, 2012
To describe the radial artery and its variants in origin, branching pattern, mode of termination,... more To describe the radial artery and its variants in origin, branching pattern, mode of termination, and measurements of its length and external diameter. One hundred upper limbs of 30 men and 20 women adult cadavers were used in this study. The cadavers were obtained from the Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The axillary region, arm, forearm, and hand of each limb were dissected to clarify the course and branches of the radial artery. This anatomical descriptive study was conducted between September 2010 and August 2012 after approval of the Ethical Committee. The mean distance of the normal origin of the radial artery as one of two terminal branches of the brachial artery was 38.7 ± 9.5 mm in men and 36.5 ± 8.5 mm in the upper limbs of women below the intercondylar line, and variant origin of the radial artery was found in eight limbs. The mean of radial artery length was 226.2 ± 21.7 mm in men and 209.9 ± 13.9 mm in women and ...
Anatomical Science International, 2016
The aim of this study was to determine the vertebral level and variations in the position of the ... more The aim of this study was to determine the vertebral level and variations in the position of the termination of both conus medullaris (CMT) and dural sac (DST) with special reference to the apex of the sacral hiatus (SHA) using magnetic resonance (MR) images and human cadavers. Different measurements were made on 200 MR sagittal T1-and T2-weighted lumbosacral images and 60 formalin-fixed adult human cadavers. The linear distances between the CMT, DST and SHA, the anteroposterior diameter at SHA, delete length and thickness of the sacrococcygeal membrane were also measured. These measurements were correlated with age and sex. In the MRI study, the mean vertebral level of CMT and its highest incidence were seen at the lower third of L1 (L1L) in male patients and at the L1-2 disc in female patients; that of DST was observed at the upper third of S2 (S2U) in male patients and the middle third of S2 (S2M) in female patients and the mean vertebral level of the SHA was noted at the middle third of S4 (S4M) in both males and females with no significant age or sex differences (P \ 0.05). In the cadaveric specimens, the mean vertebral levels of CMT, DST and SHA were seen at L1L, S2M and S4U, respectively in both male and female specimens, with no sex difference. Also in the MRI study, all linear distances in the male patients were significantly different (P \ 0.05) from those in female patients with exception of the thickness of SCM and the AP diameter at SHA. Accurate knowledge of these levels and the distances in-between are important for safe and successful spinal and caudal anaesthesia.
Folia Morphologica, Sep 3, 2015
Background: Morphology and histology of filum terminale (FT) has a role in the pathophysiology of... more Background: Morphology and histology of filum terminale (FT) has a role in the pathophysiology of TCS. Objective: This research was implemented to investigate the morphometric parameters and histological structure of normal FT in adult human cadavers and MRI scans to correlate them with the pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome (TCS). Materials and methods: twenty five adult human cadavers (15 males &10 females) and 100 MR echo scans of lumbosacral region (50 males and 50 females), were used for this study. MRI patients were divided into 21-40 and 41-60 age groups. The cadavers were dissected at the prone position to explore their fila. The length of FT, filum terminale internum (FTI), filum terminale externum (FTE), vertebral level of beginning, dural piercing and termination of FT, and the initial, midpoint, and mid-FTE diameters were determined. Four segments were excised from lower conus, upper, middle, and lower thirds of FT. The specimens were processed for light microscopic examination. Statistical analysis was done for these parameters. Results: MRI morphometrical parameters of FT, except FTI length, revealed no age effect or sex differences, where length of FTI, FTE, initial diameter, level of conus medullaris termination (CMT)
Precise Autonomous Rescuing Relying on Integrated Visual and IR Detection Technique
Menoufia Journal of Electronic Engineering Research, 2010
National Journal of Clinical Anatomy, 2019
Background Ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, and genitofemoral nerves are together known as “border ... more Background Ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, and genitofemoral nerves are together known as “border nerves” of the lumbar plexus. Aim of this study was to find out the variations in formation and branching pattern of these nerves and correlate with their clinical relevance. Materials and Methods For this study 30 formaldehyde preserved cadavers were used, and the nerves were studied on both the sides, thus making the sample size of 60. Results Iliohypogastric nerve was absent in 6.6% and double in 1.6%. It was prefixed with a twig from T12 in 6.6% and had origin from both L1 and L2 in 1.6%. The ilioinguinal nerve was absent in 3.3% and double in 3.3%. The genitofemoral nerve exhibited a large number of variations. It was absent in 1.6%. Early division of the nerve prior to emergence from the psoas major muscle was noticed in 13.3%, and early division soon after emergence from the muscle was noted in 3.3%. In one cadaver, on one side, genital branch was absent, and it continued as femor...
Acta Histochemica, 2017
Adriamycin (ADR), a potent cytotoxic drug, has many adverse effects on different body organs limi... more Adriamycin (ADR), a potent cytotoxic drug, has many adverse effects on different body organs limiting its therapeutic uses. Aged garlic extract (AGE), a garlic preparation, contains many organosulfur compounds with potent antioxidant activity. This investigation was conducted to study the possible protective effects & the underlying the mechanism of AGE on ADR-induced testicular damage. Thirty-six adult male rats were assigned into six groups: a control, AGE-treated (250 mg/kg once oral for 14 days), ADR-treated (10 mg/kg, i.p. once at day 8), AGE (7 days before) + ADR (once at day 8), ADR (once on day 8) + AGE (7 days after), AGE (14 days) + ADR (once at day 8). At day 15; blood samples were collected then the animals were sacrificed and testicular samples were prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. Parenchymal disorganization, cellular degeneration, nuclear apoptosis, mitochondrial degeneration and cytoplasmic vacuolation, decrease count and increase abnormalities of sperms, low testosterone level, high MDA concentration, low GSH level, and decrease GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD activity were recorded in ADR-treated rats. Remarkable histological, biochemical and ultrastructural improvements were observed in the combined AGE plus ADR-treated groups. Thus, AGE can be used as an adjuvant therapy to resume male infertility and weak spermatogenesis induced by cytotoxic drugs or other environmental toxins through its cytoprotective and antioxidant properties.
Endoscopic Orientation of the Parasellar Region in Sphenoid Sinus with Ill-Defined Bony Landmarks: An Anatomic Study
Skull Base 2010; 20(6): 421-428, 2010
The sphenoid bony landmarks are important for endoscopic orientation in skull base surgery but sh... more The sphenoid bony landmarks are important for endoscopic orientation in skull base surgery but show a wide range of variations. We aimed to describe an instructional model for the endoscopic parasellar anatomy in sphenoid sinuses with ill-defined bony landmarks. Five preserved injected cadaveric heads and four sides of dry skulls were studied endoscopically via transethmoid, transsphenoidal approach. The parasellar region was exposed by drilling along the maxillary nerve (V2) canal [the length of the foramen rotundum (FR) between the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa]. This was achieved by drilling in the inferior part of the lateral wall of posterior ethmoids immediately above the sphenopalatine foramen. Cavernous V2 was traced to the paraclival internal carotid artery (ICA). Cavernous sinus (CS) apex was exposed by drilling a triangle bounded by V2 and its canal inferiorly, bone between FR and superior orbital fissure (SOF) anteriorly, and ophthalmic nerve (V1) superiorly. Drilling was continued toward the annulus of Zinn (AZ) and optic nerve superiorly and over the intracavernous ICA posteriorly. Endoscopic measurements between V2, SOF, AZ, and opticocarotid recess were obtained. Endoscopic systematic orientation of parasellar anatomy is presented that can be helpful for approaching sphenoid sinus with ill-defined bony landmarks.
Microscopy research and technique, Jan 22, 2015
Aged garlic extract (AGE) is a natural dietary substance having different antioxidant free-radica... more Aged garlic extract (AGE) is a natural dietary substance having different antioxidant free-radical-scavenger compounds that ameliorates the toxicity of the oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AGE on cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Twenty-four, adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups namely control, AGE-treated (a single oral dose of 250 mg/kg/day for 21 days), CP-treated (a single intraperitoneal dose of 7.5 mg/kg on Day 16), and AGE + CP-treated (AGE at a dose of 250 mg/kg/once daily for 21 days and a single dose of CP of 7.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally on Day 16). Body weight and absolute and relative kidney weights of each rat were calculated. Serum creatinine, uric acid, and urea levels were determined. Level of malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione and activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase of renal tissues were measured. Renal specimens from each rat were prepared for both light and electron microscop...
Journal of Cytology & Histology, 2013
Background: Cisplatin (CP) is one of the most effective antineoplastic drugs used for the treatme... more Background: Cisplatin (CP) is one of the most effective antineoplastic drugs used for the treatment of various solid tumors. However, the nephrotoxic effect of CP limits its clinical use. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of misoprostol (MP) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Material & Methods: Twenty four male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (control, cisplatintreated, misoprostol-treated and combined misoprostol and cisplatin-treated). Group II rats were treated with CP single i.p. dose of 7.5mg/kg on 5 th day. Group III Rats were treated with oral MP at a dose of 200µg/kg/day for nine days. Group II rats were treated with CP single i.p. dose of 7.5mg/kg day MP for nine consecutive days and injected with CP single i.p. dose (7.5mg/kg) on 5 th day. Body weight of rats was recorded on 1 st , 3 rd , 5 th , 7 th and 9 th. days. On the 10 th day, the rats were anesthetized by ether and scarified. Blood samples were obtained to determine creatinine and BUN levels. Body weight, Kidney weight & body weight/kidney weight ratio were calculated. Specimens of rats' kidneys were prepared for both light and electron microscopic examinations. Results: single dose of CP (7.5 mg/kg i.p) resulted in a significant decrease of body weight (P.˂0.001), decrease of kidney weight (P.˂0.005), increase of relative kidney weight/body weight ratio (P.˂0.005) and increase of creatinine and BUN levels (P.˂0.001) compared to control rats. Combination of MP with CP improved most of the previous parameters. In CP-treated rats, marked degenerative and necrotic changes were noticed at the cortico-medullary renal zone. In combined MP and CP-treated rats, mild degenerative changes were seen within the renal tissues. Conclusion: The present study may provide promising results about the protective effect of MP against CPinduced nephrotoxicity that may be of value in tumor therapy programs.
Anatomy & Cell Biology, 2020
Adriamycin (ADR) efficacy in cancer chemotherapy is well-established. However, ADR-induced cardio... more Adriamycin (ADR) efficacy in cancer chemotherapy is well-established. However, ADR-induced cardiotoxicity remains a significant challenge. Aged garlic extract (AGE) is a natural polyphenol with high antioxidant potential. This study was planned to determine the cytoprotective and antioxidant actions of AGE against the cardiotoxic effect of ADR in rats. Six equal groups, control, ADR-treated (single dose of 10 mg/kg on day 8); AGE-treated (one dose of 250 mg/kg for 14 days); AGE plus ADR-treated (one dose of 250 mg/kg AGE for one week plus ADR injection of 10 mg/kg on day 8); ADR plus AGE-treated (single ADR injection of 10 mg/kg on day 8 plus AGE of 250 mg/kg once from 8th to 14th day); combined AGE plus ADR plus AGE-treated (one dose of 250 mg/kg AGE for 14 days plus single ADR injection of 10 mg/kg on day 8). Sera and cardiac samples were collected on day 15 and prepared for histological, ultrastructural and biochemical study. Disorganization, focal degeneration and necrosis with apoptotic changes of the cardiac myofibrils were observed in ADR-treated rats. Also, reduction in level of total creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase enzymes, glutathione, glutathioneperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities and elevation in malondialdehyde concentration were detected in ADR-treated rats. However, combination of AGE attenuated most of the histopathological, ultrastructural, and biochemical changes induced by ADR. Combination of AGE attenuated the cardiotoxic effects-induced by ADR through its antioxidant and cytoprotective potentials. Therefore, AGE can use as adjunct during administration of ADR in cancer therapy.
Toxicology, 1998
Precision-cut liver slices from phenobarbital-treated rats were incubated for up to 8 h with the ... 
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Papers by Ashraf Y Nasr Naiem