Clean Technologies

• A simulation-based comparative assessment of APVs was proposed. • A MCDA was used to rank APV alternatives and site-specific settings. • Processing tomato demonstrated high adaptability to APV conditions. • The overhead mono-axial APV with 6 m pitch ranked best across 5 Italian sites. • The overhead bi-axial APV is the most flexible technology to suit agricultural activities.

This study reviews the available and most commonly used methods of gas deodorization. Comparing various methods of odor removal, undoubtedly biological methods of pollution degradation have an advantage over others—chemical and physical. This advantage is manifestedmainly in ecological and economic terms. The possibility of using biological methods to remove H2S and NH3, as the most common emitted by the municipal sector companies, was analyzed in terms of their removal efficiency. The method of bio-purification of air in biotrickling filters is more advantageous than the others, due to the high effectiveness of VOCs and odors degradation, lack of secondary pollutants, and economic aspects—it is a method competitive to the commonly used air purification method in biofilters.

Julius Nyerere Hydropower Plant and Dam-Tanzania," project description listing a 2,115 MW plant, nine 235 MW turbines, and associated 400 kV infrastructure. 2. The Citizen (Tanzania), 2 Apr. 2026, reporting that JNHPP is operating at roughly 40% of installed capacity, with about 800 MW reaching the grid because of transmission limitations; the same report cites ongoing Chalinze-Dodoma and Chalinze-Kinyerezi-Mkuranga 400 kV works. 3. The Citizen (Tanzania), 11 Aug. 2025, reporting TANESCO's statement that the Chalinze-Dodoma 400 kV line is designed to carry the full 2,115 MW from JNHPP into the national grid.

Rising atmospheric CO₂ threatens ecosystems and human settlements, motivating scalable
solutions that both capture CO₂ and convert it into useful fuels without increasing net emissions.
This study compares two capture strategies and integrates them with a sunlight-driven
photocatalytic conversion pathway. First, trials with monoethanolamine (MEA) showed effective
CO₂ uptake, but suffered from economic and process drawbacks that limit practical deployment.
Second, we synthesized a novel composite material, zinc-adenine metal–organic framework
(MOF) incorporated with TiO₂, and a companion MOF, polymer membrane intended for passive
air collection. The Zn-adenine MOF particles demonstrated high CO₂ affinity (capture up to 58%
under experimental conditions) while the TiO₂ component enabled photocatalytic conversion of
the captured CO₂ to hydrocarbons when coupled with copper co-catalysis and thermoelectric
enhancement. The composite lowered the semiconductor cutoff frequency, reducing the energy
threshold for photocatalysis and improving conversion efficiency under solar illumination.
Prototype design work shows a feasible, low-cost device architecture for decentralized,
community-level CO₂ capture and sunlight-driven fuel synthesis. Results indicate that MOF-based
Capture, paired with optimized photocatalysis, provides a promising route to transform atmospheric
CO₂ from an environmental liability into a distributed fuel resource. Future work will focus on
scale-up, long-term stability, and lifecycle energy and economic analysis.

Bu kitabın her türlü yayın hakkı Yaz Yayınları'na aittir, tüm hakları saklıdır. Kitabın tamamı ya da bir kısmı 5846 sayılı Kanun'un hükümlerine göre, kitabı yayınlayan firmanın önceden izni alınmaksızın elektronik, mekanik, fotokopi ya da herhangi bir kayıt sistemiyle çoğaltılamaz, yayınlanamaz, depolanamaz.

Windows play a pivotal role in building design by providing daylight, solar heat gains, and natural ventilation. However, older buildings with outdated windows and inadequate solar control suffer from overheating, discomfort glare, and high cooling costs. While replacing existing windows with high-performance products can significantly boost energy efficiency and occupant comfort, the associated costs can be prohibitive. Consequently, retrofit technologies that utilize existing glass panes and frames offer a compelling solution. This paper investigates the thermal, energy, and daylight performance of two innovative window retrofit technologies relative to a clear reference tested simultaneously at the BeTOP outdoor test cells in Toronto, ON-a vicinity with distinct warm summers and cold winters. The retrofits included a near-infrared absorbing CsWO 3-SnO 2 nanosuspension and a nanoceramic WO 3-based photochromic window film with dynamic absorptance to visible radiation. The low-cost technologies were applied directly to interior glass surfaces, allowing for swift installation with minimal occupancy interruption. The results show that retrofitting existing glass did not significantly influence the equivalent thermal transmittance but significant reductions in the equivalent solar factor and solar transmittance were observed. Although the retrofits did not significantly influence the energy consumption in this particular setting due to Toronto's cold climate and the adopted low window-wall ratio (10%), they contributed to the mitigation of overheating indicated by up to 50% reduction in the percentage of people dissatisfied. Furthermore, the photochromic film significantly improved visual comfort indicated by a 10%-17% improvement in the useful daylight illuminance and a 9% reduction in peak discomfort glare probability.

This study investigates the nexus between sustainable development indicators and economic growth across seven strategic emerging economies: China, Turkey, Brazil, Malaysia, Iran, Egypt, and Argentina, from the period 2002 to 2023. Utilizing panel data regression analysis, the Random Effects model was identified as the most appropriate estimation method based on rigorous statistical criteria. The empirical results reveal that R&D expenditures, health expenditures, the renewable energy share, and CO 2 emissions exert a positive and significant influence on GDP. In contrast, education expenditures were found to have a negative and statistically insignificant effect on growth. This study emphasizes the necessity of supporting vital sectors, such as agriculture and industry, while simultaneously adopting effective environmental policies to reduce emissions and ensure long-term sustainable development goals in the analyzed countries.

Surdurulebilir kalkinma simdiki toplumlarin sorunlarina gelecek nesillerin refah seviyelerini etkilemeden cozum odakli olmaya calisan bir kavramdir. Surdurulebilir kalkinmanin saglanabilmesi icin sadece birey ve toplumlarin degil tum kurum ve kuruluslarin dogrudan ve ya dolayli etkileri mevcuttur. Bu kuruluslardan biri olarak Turkiye’de bankacilik sektoru ele alinarak bu alandaki mevcut etkiler ortaya koyulmaya calisilmistir. Turkiye’de onemli finans kurumlarindan olan bankalar; calisanlar, musteriler, paydaslar, kendisine bagli bircok kurumlar ile etki ettigi alan ve kisi sayisi yuksektir. Bundan dolayi boylesi bir sektorun surdurulebilir kalkinma hedeflerini gerceklestirme yolunda destegini almanin saglayacagi olumlu ve olumsuz etkiler ortaya koyulmaya calisilmistir. Turkiye’de ekonomik boyutta sagladiklari tum krediler icinden yedi kredi turunun olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri incelenmistir. Diger taraftan da Turkiye’de aktif buyuklugune gore ilk on bes bankanin projeleri ve calismala...

Bu çalışma, küresel sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerine ulaşmada kilit bir rol oynayan Yeşil FinTech'in potansiyelini, zorluklarını ve etik gerekliliklerini incelemektedir. Yeşil FinTech, iklim hedeflerinin finansal teknolojinin uygulanması yoluyla hayata geçirilmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. FinTech, yeşil tahvil ve krediler gibi sürdürülebilir finansman araçlarının verimliliğini, erişilebilirliğini ve ölçeklenebilirliğini artırarak, işlem maliyetlerini ve süresini düşürmekte, böylece kurumsal yeşil teknoloji inovasyonunu teşvik etmektedir. Özellikle yapay zeka finansal kurumlara, sürdürülebilirlik raporlarını analiz etme, ESG (Çevresel, Sosyal ve Yönetişim) performansını tahmin etme, çevre dostu yatırımları teşvik etme ve çevresel riskleri değerlendirme gibi imkanlar sağlamaktadır. Blokzincir, yeşil finansman konusunda şeffaflığı ve güveni artırarak, karbon kredilerinin izlenmesini ve yeşil tahvil gelirlerinin takip edilmesini sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca, dijital kredi platformları ve kitle fonlaması gibi FinTech yöntemleri, yeşil projelerin finansmanındaki zorlukları azaltarak, sürdürülebilir yatırım fırsatlarına erişimi kolaylaştırmaktadır. Böylece finansal hizmetlerin yetersiz hizmet alan topluluklara ulaştırılmasıyla finansal kapsayıcılık artırılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, Yeşil FinTech'in uygulanmasında önemli zorluklar ve etik kaygılar mevcuttur. Emisyon hesaplamalarında veri boşlukları, farklı ESG çerçeveleri arasındaki tutarsızlıklar ve yeşil tanımının standartlaştırılmaması temel sorunlardır. Ayrıca, algoritmik önyargı, otomatikleştirilmiş yeşil ürün önerilerinde insan denetiminin eksikliği ve yeşil yıkama endişeleri etik zorlukları oluşturmaktadır. Kırsal alanlarda sınırlı internet bağlantısı, cihaz erişim sorunları ve dijital okuryazarlık eksikliği ise dijital uçurum ve erişilebilirlik problemlerini derinleştirmektedir. Algoritmik adaletin sağlanması ve etik veri kullanımının temel bir gereklilik olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

In this paper, a composite control strategy for improved off-grid configuration based on photovoltaic (PV array), a wind turbine (WT), and a diesel engine (DE) generator to achieve high performance while supplying nonlinear loads is investigated. To operate the WT efficiently under variable speed conditions and to obtain accurate and fast convergence to the maximum global operating point without a speed sensor, an iterative interpolation method is integrated with the perturbation and observation (P&O) technique. To ensure the balance of power in the system and to achieve the maximum power from the PV array without using any maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method, and ensuring stable operation during the disturbance, a double-loop control strategy for a two-switches buck-boost converter is developed. Furthermore, to protect the synchronous generator of the diesel generator (DG) from the 5th and 7th order-harmonics created by the connected nonlinear loads and to solve the issue of...

This paper presents a thermal analysis of compounds called smart windows in typical building design; such windows are covered with a vanadium dioxide film doped with tungsten and are characterized by their phase transition which makes the transmission coefficient high for low temperatures and low for high temperatures. This leads to the natural optimization of thermal comfort in summer and winter through a decrease in solar radiation transmission in the summer and an increase in it in the winter. A comparative study of four types of glass has been carried out both in summer and winter: simple glass SiO2, dioxide of vanadium un-doped glass, vanadium dioxide glass doped with 3% tungsten and 5% tungsten in order to evaluate their effect on the interior temperature of the building. For these reasons, a thermal model in the dynamic state has been developed to assess the thermal performance in such a building and to evaluate the effect of these windows on thermal comfort in terms of heat flow, density and internal temperature. The analysis was carried out having taken into account the external weather conditions of Fez, such as radiation, natural convection, air exchange, and the outdoor temperature as well as different parameters of the building envelope.

Gas turbine power plants have important roles in the global power generation market. The examines thermodynamically the impact of steam injection for a combined cycle including a gas turbine cycle with a two-stage turbine and carbon dioxide recompression. The combined cycle is compared with the simple case without steam injection. Steam injection’s impact is observed on important parameters such as energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and output power. It is revealed that steam injection reduces exergy destruction in components compared to the simple case. The efficiencies for both cases are obtained. The energy and exergy efficiencies respectively are found to be 30.4% and 29.4% for the simple case, and 35.3% and 34.1% for the case with steam injection. Also, incorporating steam injection reduces emissions of carbon dioxide.

Biogas is the anaerobic digestion of organic matter, which has become an environmentally friendly form of energy. It has played a major role in mitigating climate change as well as reducing poverty. A domestic biogas system is installed and being promoted in rural areas of Nepal. Manure from cows and buffaloes and black water from human waste are generally being used as feeding materials. In this work, the emphasis is on the different raw materials and installed components in the plant located in Ghorahi-16, Dang as well as the rate of biogas production throughout the year in the local premises. The raw material locally available is not enough for the operation of the biogas plant. This article also provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of biogas distribution in local premises and also focuses on energy security and sustainability. The physical and chemical parameters (CN ratio, pH value) of feedstock material are needed to analyze the rate of biogas production.

China, the world's largest greenhouse gas emitter, faces challenges aligning economic growth with its 2030 carbon peak and 2060 neutrality goals. This study examines drivers of carbon intensity from 1999 to 2023, focusing on policy stringency, industrial transformation, green innovation, renewable energy, urbanization, and energy efficiency, while also considering foreign direct investment and integrating the Environmental Kuznets Curve and Endogenous Growth Theory frameworks. Using World Bank data and econometric methods (autoregressive distributed lag, fully modified ordinary least squares, variance decomposition), the analysis finds a one-unit increase in policy stringency reduces carbon intensity by 1.5 % (β ¼ ¡0.015, p ¼ 0.001), and a 1 % increase in renewable energy lowers carbon intensity by 0.161 % (β ¼ ¡0.161, p < 0.001). Industrial transformation decreases carbon intensity by 0.5 % per unit (β ¼ ¡0.005, p ¼ 0.051), and urbanization by 0.4 % (β ¼ ¡0.004, p ¼ 0.033). Green innovation shows short-term impact (β ¼ ¡0.060, p < 0.001) but is insignificant long-term (β ¼ ¡0.008, p ¼ 0.818). Energy efficiency increases carbon intensity by 0.549 % per 1 % rise (β ¼ 0.549, p < 0.001), reflecting energy-intensive growth. Foreign direct investment's effect varies with policy context and showed no significant overall effect (β ¼ 0.002, p ¼ 0.503). These findings underscore the need for integrated strategies combining regulatory rigor, industrial reform, and renewable energy expansion. Policymakers should prioritize sustained enforcement and green financing to decarbonize high-emission sectors. Future research should explore regional variations and non-linear policy effects to refine strategies. This study advances environmental economics by quantifying decarbonization drivers, offering theoretical and practical insights for sustainable development and extends the Environmental Kuznets Curve by highlighting policy-driven transitions, contributing to Sustainable Development Goal 13.

Drinking water treatment generates a high amount of pasty by-product known as drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS). The chemical composition, microstructure and rheological behavior of DWTS are of utmost importance in the calculation, design, optimization, commissioning and control of its treatment processes. The purpose of this research was to characterize the DWTS from the drinking water treatment plant of Marrakech (Morocco), aiming to help future researchers and engineers in predicting its hydrodynamic behavior. The first part of this study was devoted to the physical structure and the chemical composition of sludge. The second part was oriented towards the study of the mechanical properties; a penetration test and a rotational rheology test were performed. For the first test, a force–length penetration diagram was plotted in order to calculate the hardness, the cohesiveness and the adhesiveness of DWTS. For the second test, the shear stress and the apparent viscosity were plo...

This study examines the research climate on machine learning applications in renewable energy (MLARE). Therefore, the publication trends (PT) and bibliometric analysis (BA) on MLARE research published and indexed in the Elsevier Scopus database between 2012 and 2021 were examined. The PT was adopted to deduce the major stakeholders, top-cited publications, and funding organizations on MLARE, whereas BA elucidated critical insights into the research landscape, scientific developments, and technological growth. The PT revealed 1218 published documents comprising 46.9% articles, 39.7% conference papers, and 6.0% reviews on the topic. Subject area analysis revealed MLARE research spans the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics among others, which indicates it is a broad, multidisciplinary, and impactful research topic. The most prolific researcher, affiliations, country, and funder are Ravinesh C. Deo, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, United States, and the Nat...

Global energy demand has risen sharply, intensifying concerns over greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Fossil fuel combustion remains the primary driver of increasing carbon dioxide levels. A rapid transition to clean energy sources is therefore imperative. Dark fermentative biohydrogen production (DFHP) has been investigated as a scalable, low-carbon hydrogen (H 2) pathway that leverages organic waste and industrial waste heat. The study objectives were to quantify research evolution, assess techno-economic performance, and propose sustainable deployment pathways. Bibliometric analysis was performed on 435 Scopus records, yielding an annual growth rate of 19.6 % and 928 unique keywords. Besides, bibliometric trends were visualised using VOSviewer, Biblioshiny, and Graphica software. For techno-economic evaluation, H 2 conversion efficiencies, water requirements, and cost impacts under waste-heat integration were compared against conventional H 2 production methods. DFHP was shown to operate in standard fermenters with negligible water demand. Wasteheat integration was demonstrated to eliminate external heating costs and lower levelized H 2 costs. Key technical and operational challenges were identified, including feedstock variability, volatile metabolite inhibition, and mass-and heat-transfer limitations at scale. Sustainable pathways were outlined, emphasizing low-energy pretreatment, in situ metabolite removal, advanced reactor geometries, and inclusive capacity-building partnerships co-located with waste-processing facilities. Alignment with sustainable development goals (SDGs) for affordable clean energy, responsible consumption, and climate action was highlighted. A clear roadmap has been provided to advance global decarbonization efforts and to accelerate the deployment of a resilient H 2 economy.

Sewage sludge (SS) from urban wastewater treatment is still an environmental, economic, and social problem. Current SS management is not consensual, and more alternatives are required to recover some valuable compounds, such as nutrients and organic matter. This study investigates the use of green liquor dregs from the pulp and paper industry—GLDs—as an adjuvant of drying, to develop a product for agronomic applications, focusing on the rheological behavior. The rheological properties were assessed for anaerobically digested sludge (ADS). The limit viscosity of raw ADS was about 0.005 Pa·s in the case of 5% TSs (total solids) increasing to 0.51 Pa·s for 20% TSs. From the oscillatory tests, the ideal viscous flow below 10% TSs was observed, whereas a viscoelastic–solid behavior was detected for a higher concentration of TSs. The addition of GLDs to the ADS reduced the consistency index, reducing the shear resistance of the material. Rheological assays showed that GLDs may facilitate ...

This project focuses on the installation of a 6.2KVA solar inverter system aimed at providing a reliable and sustainable power supply for laboratory activities in the Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora. The study was motivated by the frequent power outages that hinder practical courses requiring constant electricity. The system components include solar panels, charge controllers, inverter units, batteries, and associated wiring components. The installation involved connecting solar panels rated 450 watts in series to tubular batteries of 230Ah, which in turn were linked to a 6.2KVA inverter for power distribution. Tests carried out with a multimeter confirmed an output of 220 volts suitable for laboratory equipment. The system proved efficient, noiseless, and environmentally friendly, eliminating the drawbacks of conventional fossil fuel generators. It is recommended for expansion to other departments, with provisions for additional panels and batteries to support higher energy demands.

Obtaining information on scientific topics and access to websites with multidimensional data is a crucial part of any geothermal project development. Using the Internet to publish information according to the FAIR principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability) on topics that are not yet well known to stakeholders could improve not only general knowledge but also public acceptance for increased use of geothermal in the future. This research lists 90 geothermal websites from eight countries: nine in Austria, 13 in Croatia, eight in Hungary, 17 in Italy, seven in Germany, 16 in Iceland, 13 in the Netherlands and seven in Slovenia, and classifies them based on findability and content criteria. It is an issue that only 41 % of these national-relevant websites are easy to find using a browser and keywords, while for the rest an expert advice is needed. The user-impression by searching these websites was checked, for example, on language, graphical presentation, type of information, content, and references. It was expected that Iceland, Italy and Germany, as the countries with the largest geothermal utilization, have the most information available. Iceland has the most findable and quality websites, while Italy has the most listed websites but only a few are easy to find. Germany is not ranked as high as expected. The Netherlands and Croatia do not stand out but have few very good websites. Hungary and Austria show similar results while Slovenia needs most improvements.

The shifting of leather industry towards environmentally sustainable practices has necessitated the development of ecofriendly alternatives to traditional synthetic fat liquors. This study focuses the manufacturing and evaluation of multifunctional, bio-based fat liquor derived from Neem oil (Azadirachta indica) and Neat's Foot oil, aiming to enhance leather quality while aligning with green chemistry principles. The result of this study showed that neat's Foot oil provided excellent lubrication and fiber compatibility, while Neem oil offers antimicrobial, insect-repellent, and antifungal benefits due to its active chemical nature. The neats foot oil was chemically characterized, sulfated, and emulsified, resulting in stable, homogenous fat liquor suitable for chrome-tanned sheepskin applications. The sulfated blend was optimized with Neem oil concentrations ranging from 2.43% to 6.5%, ensuring optimal softness, microbial resistance, and minimal sensory drawbacks such as odor or discoloration. Chemical analyses revealed a viscosity of 3691 cP, a density of 0.938 g/ mL, a saponification value of 140 mg KOH/g oil, and a low acid value of 7.4 mgNaOH/g oil, indicating its effective lubrication and minimal degradation characteristics. The fat liquor was tested through standard leather processing and organoleptic evaluation by certified tanners. Results demonstrated that the treated leather exhibited superior or comparable properties to conventional products in terms of softness, grain smoothness, and overall appearance.This research underscores the potentials of Neem-Neat's Foot oil blends as sustainable, high-performance fat liquors and promotes the adoption of renewable resources in leather processing. Recommendations include further optimization of sulfation parameters, longterm stability studies, and environmental impact assessments.

Several empirical equations, such as those by Dulong and Demirbas, have been widely used to estimate the higher heating value (HHV) of fuels from their elemental composition. However, when applied to Thai bagasse, these models exhibited substantial errors, with average deviations exceeding 10% from laboratory-tested values. To address this, 47 sets of elemental composition data for bagasse were compiled from Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports of biomass power plants in Thailand. Two regressionbased predictive models tailored to Thai bagasse were developed and evaluated. The performance of the developed models was evaluated against six established equations from international studies using four statistical indicators-Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Bias Error (MBE), Average Bias Error (ABE), and Average Absolute Error (AAE). These indicators were selected to assess both the unsystematic bias and the overall predictive accuracy of the models. The proposed models demonstrated marked improvements, reducing MAE by 3.74% compared to the best existing equation. Model 1 (HHV = 17.137-0.161 × Mc) yielded MBE =-0.061 MJ/kg, MAE = 0.52 MJ/kg, ABE = +0.0171%, and AAE = 5.75%, while Model 2 (HHV = 1.496 + 0.157 C + 0.19 O) achieved MBE = +0.037 MJ/kg, MAE = 0.37 MJ/kg, ABE = +0.98%, and AAE = 4.12%. These results confirm that the developed models provide significantly improved HHV prediction accuracy for Thai bagasse, which provides better fuel management for bagasse-based power plants.

Mining wastewater (MWW) can contain mercury in high concentrations. In this study, four autochthonous aquatic plant species (Eichhornia Crassipes—EC, Marsilea Quadrifolia—MQ, Ludwigia Helminthorrhiza—LH, and Lemna Minor—LM) were identified and tested for phytoaccumulation of total mercury (THg). To better study the accumulation phenomenon and macrophyte responses, this work has been divided into three phases, and pilot-scale reactors have been used to simulate real conditions. The results highlighted that, in case of 15 µgTHg,fed, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) was significantly higher in EC (19.04) and LH (18.41) with respect to MQ and LM (almost six times and two times higher, respectively). EC granted the best results in terms of THg accumulation (50.90%) and lower evapotranspiration of THg phenomenon with respect to LH. A significant decrease of the BCF (from 23.45 to 21.98) and an increase of the TF (from 0.23 up to 0.73) after 42 d highlighted that a breaking-time in terms ...

The development of efficient and stable photocatalysts for hydrogen (H 2) generation is crucial for sustainable energy applications. This study addresses the limitations of pristine zinc oxide (ZnO), its wide bandgap (~ 3.37 eV), and rapid charge recombination by synthesizing aluminum (Al) and cerium (Ce) co-doped ZnO nanocomposites (ACZO) via a scalable hydrothermal method. Structural and optical characterizations confirmed successful dopant incorporation, reduced crystallite size, and enhanced light absorption, with a narrowed bandgap of 2.64 eV. Further, these modifications suppress electron-hole recombination, as evidenced by a 70% reduction in photoluminescence intensity for ACZO compared to ZnO. Under simulated solar irradiation, the optimized ACZO nanocomposite achieved an H 2 generation rate of 1474 μmol/g.h, a 2.8-fold increase over pristine ZnO, outperforming single-doped counterparts (AZO: 1.25-fold; and CZO: 1.84-fold). The optimal catalyst dosage was determined to be 1.5 g/L, balancing dispersion and light absorption. Furthermore, ACZO exhibited excellent photostability over multiple cycles, demonstrating its potential for long-term applications. This study highlights the effectiveness of dual doping in enhancing ZnO's photocatalytic efficiency, positioning ACZO as a promising candidate for scalable solar-driven hydrogen production.

The aim of this study is to assess the conversion of a Natural Gas Combined Cycle power plant (NGCC) using an advanced gas turbine (GE9H) for CO 2 pre-combustion capture. The natural gas is reformed in an auto-thermal reformer (ATR) either with pure oxygen or with air. After CO-conversion shift to CO 2 and physical CO 2 recovery, the synthesis gas contains a high fraction of H 2 . It is diluted with N 2 and steam to lower its low heating value (LHV) for NOx emission control. Oxygen purity and reforming pressure have little impact on the performances. High pressure reforming is preferred to reduce the process size. Air reforming results in a slightly higher efficiency but in a bigger process too. The CO 2 recovery rate has a big impact on the power plant efficiency since a lot of steam is required to lower the low heating value (LHV) of the synthesis gas leaving the recovery process. Different values of LHV have been assessed.

Küresel ısınmayla birlikte ortaya çıkan iklim değişikliğinin dünyadaki doğal kaynakları tehdit etmesini önlemek amacıyla yeşil inovasyon son dönemde işletmeler için önemli bir araç haline gelmiştir. Çevresel kaynakların bilinçsiz tüketimi ve kirletilmesi hususu çeşitli tarafları özellikle ilgilendiren hızlı ekonomik ve endüstriyel gelişme tarafından tetiklenmektedir. Finansal kurumların da nicelik ve nitelik açısından ekonomik kalkınma ve büyüme üzerinde etkisi olması nedeniyle mevcut bankacılık sektörünün sürdürülebilir bir ortamın belirlenmesinde önemli bir role sahip olduğu açıkça ifade edilebilir. Modern ekonomilerde, hizmet işletmeleri, yaratılan değerin çoğunu oluşturmaktadır ancak bununla birlikte inovasyon araştırmalarında daha çok imalat sektörüne yönelik ar-ge, fikri mülkiyet, çığır açan teknolojilerin icadı gibi konulara ağırlık verilmektedir. Ekonomik büyüme ve sürdürülebilirlik açısından önem arz eden hizmet işletmelerinin sürekli olarak yeni fikirler üretip uygulayarak...

In this present study, the potential application of DCMFC for the treatment of three different sourced industrial wastewater streams: biorefinery, dairy and mixed streams was investigated. Operating conditions were optimised using the Box Behnken design in response surface methodology (RSM) with three validation experimental runs. The effect of process variables, i.e., HRT (48 h), catholyte dose (0.1 gmol/L) and electrode surface area (three carbon rods argumentation-m2) on the production of electricity as voltage yield (mV), power density (mW/m2), current density (mA/m2), Columbic efficiency (%) CE and Gibbs free energy correlation with the electromotive force of the DCMFC system. Experimental results obtained were a positive response towards the predictive values according to the DoE numerical optimisation sequence. At numerical optimum MFC conditions stated above, validation experimental responses of voltage yield by biorefinery wastewater were 645.2 mV, mixed wastewater was 549 ...

Uganda has ambitions to become a middle‐income country by 2040. Achieving this goal would require an economic transformation that is led and aided by industrialization. Economic transformation and industrialization also require efficient utilization of energy, including electricity. The cost of electricity in Uganda is not cheap; thus, there is an incentive for industries and policymakers to invest in energy efficiency measures. The fact that energy efficiency could contribute to climate and other social policy objectives is also an added advantage. Since the mid‐2000s, following a power crisis, the Government of Uganda has taken several initiatives to promote energy efficiency within the industrial sector. However, although targeted interventions delivered demonstrable gains, efforts to institutionalize industrial energy efficiency remains a challenge. In this article, we use institutional theory and the political economy approach to explore why institutionalization has been diffic...

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell based technology is expected to be one of the easiest green technologies to harness and to convert available solar energy into hydrogen . Among the known systems of GaAs, Si, GaP and CdS-Cadmium sulphide is one of the best suited PEC materials that display a balance between its efficiency and stability. It has capability to absorb the visible light photons (E~1.5eV -3eV), and displays the bandenergetics that suits for water-splitting reaction (H 2 OH 2 +O 2 ), that ultimately is based on the electronic and optical structure of the sulphides. However, the photo-induced dissolution of CdS in an electrolyte during its photo-illumination in PEC cell is its major drawback . Though arsenides and phosphides show higher efficiency however CdS exhibits significant stability. In contrast though TiO 2 / ZnO show good stability but CdS displays good optical response towards visible light photons as compared null response of titanate like systems. This necessitates one to identify the practical way to inhibit the photocorrosion in case of CdS photoanodes which is mainly facilitated due to interaction of photogenerated holes with CdS lattice. In past, Pt/ RuO 2 / Ru modified CdS surface were found to control the unwanted photocorrosion . Commercially, usage of such materials is un-economic option for any technological usage. The present work discusses that with advent of present day new synthetic routes how the dynamics of photo generated holes and electrons can be controlled to improve the stability and efficiency of the sulphide photoanodes, which in turn shows an an improvement in the performance and stability of the PEC cell for desirable technological applications.

Solar energy is the future fuel and an apt solution for energy related concerns. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells can channelize solar energy directly into chemical energy and provide a useful fuel in the form of hydrogen. Exploring an efficient semiconductor material for such purpose is an essential prospect. This chapter highlights the importance of Cd chalcogenides in this technology. CdS is the most studied material for PEC research, possess perfect band gap, and band edge position as required for the desired photoanode material in the PEC cell. The efficiency of CdS photoanode can be improved specially by; (i) tuning of the electronic band structure of electrode lattice via. doping, and by (ii) electrode surface modification by utilizing metal-oxide nanoparticles or by loading of co-catalyst. Effect of modification of CdS photoanodes, with earth abundant transition metal hydroxide co-catalysts, on the PEC performance is reviewed.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell based technology is expected to be one of the easiest green technologies to harness and to convert available solar energy into hydrogen . Among the known systems of GaAs, Si, GaP and CdS-Cadmium sulphide is one of the best suited PEC materials that display a balance between its efficiency and stability. It has capability to absorb the visible light photons (E~1.5eV -3eV), and displays the bandenergetics that suits for water-splitting reaction (H 2 OH 2 +O 2 ), that ultimately is based on the electronic and optical structure of the sulphides. However, the photo-induced dissolution of CdS in an electrolyte during its photo-illumination in PEC cell is its major drawback . Though arsenides and phosphides show higher efficiency however CdS exhibits significant stability. In contrast though TiO 2 / ZnO show good stability but CdS displays good optical response towards visible light photons as compared null response of titanate like systems. This necessitates one to identify the practical way to inhibit the photocorrosion in case of CdS photoanodes which is mainly facilitated due to interaction of photogenerated holes with CdS lattice. In past, Pt/ RuO 2 / Ru modified CdS surface were found to control the unwanted photocorrosion . Commercially, usage of such materials is un-economic option for any technological usage. The present work discusses that with advent of present day new synthetic routes how the dynamics of photo generated holes and electrons can be controlled to improve the stability and efficiency of the sulphide photoanodes, which in turn shows an an improvement in the performance and stability of the PEC cell for desirable technological applications.

Tertiary wastewater treatment could provide a reliable source of water for reuse. Amongst these types of wastewater treatment, deep-bed filtration of secondary effluents can effectively remove particles and organic matter; however, NH4+ and NO2− are not easily removed. This study examined the feasibility of stimulating microbial activity using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a bio-specific and clean oxygen source that leaves no residuals in the water and is advantageous upon aeration due to the solubility limitations of the oxygen. The performance of a pilot bio-filtration system at a filtration velocity of 5–6 m/h, was enhanced by the addition of H2O2 for particle, organic matter, NH4+, and NO2− removal. Hydrogen peroxide provided the oxygen demand for full nitrification. As a result, influent concentrations of 4.2 ± 2.5 mg/L N-NH4+ and 0.65 ± 0.4 mg/L N-NO2 were removed during the short hydraulic residence time (HRT). In comparison, filtration without H2O2 addition only removed up to ...

Recent research employs the use of solar-powered squirrel cage induction motors as prime movers of electric generators. The use is to mitigate the high fuel, operating and maintenance costs, air and noise pollution and low performance efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Successful soft testing of a system minimizes associated costs and could culminate in practical implementation of system. This paper reports validation outcomes of soft testing conducted on a solar-powered squirrel-cage induction motor-driven electric generator. The solar irradiations considered were 1000 W/m 2 , 750 W/m 2 and 250 W/m 2 at temperatures of 25 o C and 20 o C. The soft tests in MATLAB/Simulink software environment were conducted on four models namely, the solar PV array, DC-AC converter, squirrel cage induction motor and the synchronous electric generator. For the three solar irradiance values, the output power and output voltage of the generator remained same at 24.7 kW and 400 Vac, respectively. However, the reductions in solar irradiance from 750 W/m 2 to 250 W/ m 2 at same temperature of 20 o C gave a reduction of 2.75 Vdc from 36.57 Vdc to 33.82 Vdc. This reduction in voltage could not prevent the induction motor from rotating at the nominal speed of 1500 rpm to drive the generator.