Travel Behaviour

With the development of the Internet and social media not only communication has become vibrant but new ways of communication have also emerged such as vlogging. Vlogging generally and travel vlogging particularly has emerged as an effective medium of communication about tourist destinations based on the experiences of the travellers. Therefore, this study has analysed transitivity processes used in travel vlogs about Pakistan posted on YouTube employing Hilary Janks's rubric (2005) for linguistic analysis. The analysis of transitivity reveals a predominant use of action and material processes which make the travel vlogs engaging for the audience. The frequent use of mental, relational and verbal processes in the narrative of these vlogs reflects the cognitive states of the vloggers, the relationship between the entities and individuals, and their attributes and the acts of communication. These processes provide insight into the vloggers' thoughts, highlight positive attributes of the individuals and other elements in the context and make the message reliable through communication acts and interactions. However, there is limited use of physiological and existential processes in the travel vlogs about Pakistan. Overall, through the effective use of different transitivity processes, the vloggers have presented a positive and appealing image of Pakistan as a tourist destination.

With the development of the Internet and social media not only communication has become vibrant but new ways of communication have also emerged such as vlogging. Vlogging generally and travel vlogging particularly has emerged as an effective medium of communication about tourist destinations based on the experiences of the travellers. Therefore, this study has analysed transitivity processes used in travel vlogs about Pakistan posted on YouTube employing Hilary Janks's rubric (2005) for linguistic analysis. The analysis of transitivity reveals a predominant use of action and material processes which make the travel vlogs engaging for the audience. The frequent use of mental, relational and verbal processes in the narrative of these vlogs reflects the cognitive states of the vloggers, the relationship between the entities and individuals, and their attributes and the acts of communication. These processes provide insight into the vloggers' thoughts, highlight positive attributes of the individuals and other elements in the context and make the message reliable through communication acts and interactions. However, there is limited use of physiological and existential processes in the travel vlogs about Pakistan. Overall, through the effective use of different transitivity processes, the vloggers have presented a positive and appealing image of Pakistan as a tourist destination.

Marginal utilities of goods are well defined because the quantities of goods can vary independently. Consumer theory differs for time because total time is fixed. In addition to a constraint on total time, this requires a revision to the marginal terms for time: marginal utilities are directional derivatives corresponding to feasible time reallocations. The partial derivative of utility with respect to any single use of time, 𝑈 𝑡 𝑖 , while mathematically well defined, does not have an independent economic interpretation. This result formalizes an intuition present but unresolved in the literature and clarifies anomalies in the measurement of time values.

Travel texts are a unique literary genre that capture the authors' impressions from their journeys and attract scholars from various disciplines. These texts offer insights into the topography, history, and both tangible and intangible cultural heritage of a place. Although they reflect the personal ideology of the traveler, they still serve as a valuable source of knowledge about the past. They function to a large extent as early tourist guides, providing information for the preparation and duration of a tour, fulfilling a dual role: to inform and to encourage (corresponding to the Greek word πρό(σ)κληση which means "challenge" and with the addition of "σ" in the same moment "invitation") a new journey. This research presents data on the nature, culture, religious monuments, maps, gastronomy, customs, and traditions observed by past visitors to locations in the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly the islands of Lesbos, Chios, Rhodes, Karpathos, and Crete. The information derived from these texts is compared with modern travel guides in an attempt to highlight the common elements of cultural interest, both tangible and intangible, to further develop them in tourist routes.

Special events attract extraordinarily high travel demands within a relative short period of time. Managing those travel demands is more critical than that for normal commuting trips since the high demands usually induce more severe impacts to local traffic. The impacts vary amongst different special events due to the difference in their natures. Unlike most of the special events like concerts or football matches that have a fixed date and time, the visitors to grave-sweeping could choose their available date and time to visit around the festival dates. Therefore, the policy measures suggested to manage the demand for other special events in the previous researches cannot be applied directly for the case of grave-sweeping. Grave-sweeping is one of the popular special events in Asia, especially in Chinese societies, where many visitors are attracted to cemeteries and columbaria around the two traditional festivals. The high travel demands cause overcrowding at the sites and congestio...

This quantitative research approach was applied using primary data collection through a structured online questionnaire distributed via Google forms from the local commuters who regularly travel through the public transportations to examine "Are the commuters in Dhaka willing to pay higher bus fares in exchange for improved public bus services. Although buses remain one of the most affordable transportation options in Dhaka where the existing services are mostly associated with overcrowding. Alternative modes of transport such as CNGs, motorcycles and private cars provide greater comfort and convenience at significantly higher cost. The research investigates how improvements in bus service quality could encaurage commuters to accept moderate increased fair. The findings of this paper reveal that 87.5% of respondents are reeling to pay a higher fair if the bus service says improve. Among them 39.2% are willing to pay an additional 5 to 10 taka while others are willing to pay even more depending on the level of service improvements. Faster and punctual travel, improved safety, better bus conditions, reduced overcrowding and guaranteed seating emerged as the most influential factors those are affecting commuter's preferences. This paper concludes that improved bus service quality can increase commuter's acceptance of moderate fair adjustments and potentially encourage greater reliance or public buses instead of private or alternative transport modes. And if it can be possible then the decreased dependency in alternative transportation can reduce the traffic of Dhaka's highway.

This article repositions digital nomads not as stateless figures of freedom but as central actors in evolving regimes of mobility governance. Moving beyond the lifestyle framing, we propose two lines of inquiry. First, we examine how race, class, and passport privilege shape differentiated access to mobility infrastructures co-produced by states and platforms. Second, we examine how nomads navigate and produce networked digital enclaves and cloud statestopological formations where territory is reconstituted through platforms, co-living hubs, and e-residency regimes. The article calls for scholarship that treats nomads not as exceptions to state power but as actors in its reconfiguration, where motion itself becomes a site of governance. By bridging political geography, mobility studies, and critical migration scholarship, this agenda seeks to theorize sovereignty beyond fixed borders and nomadism beyond neoliberal individualism.

This paper introduces a critical distinction between two phenomena that are routinely conflated in both popular and academic discourse: passive temporal displacement (PTD)-the well-confirmed relativistic effect by which a moving or gravitationally displaced observer accumulates less proper time than a stationary one-and active future travel (AFT)-the deliberate use of a technological device to transport a subject to a specific, chosen future moment, in the manner of a vehicle. We argue that while PTD is confirmed by experiment and raises no paradox, AFT is self-refuting on three independent grounds. First, the Symmetry Argument demonstrates that any machine capable of delivering a traveler to a future destination creates, by its own operation, a traveler who has arrived from the past-entailing the backward time travel already proved impossible in companion papers. Second, the Empty Future Paradox observes that AFT, if ever achieved, would necessarily produce visitors from the future arriving in our present; the total absence of such visitors constitutes strong evidence that no AFT machine is ever built in any era accessible to our timeline. Third, the Definitional Collapse shows that the word 'travel' in 'future time travel,' when examined precisely, requires a return capability or at minimum a machine that persists into the destination era-and the existence of such a machine at the destination implies its use for backward travel, which is impossible. Together these three arguments constitute what we call the Self-Refutation Theorem for Active Future Travel: the coherent description of an AFT machine contains, as a logical consequence of its own operation, proof of its impossibility. We close by sharply distinguishing our argument from any challenge to relativistic time dilation, which remains uncontested, and by reflecting on what the twin impossibilities of backward and active-forward time travel reveal about the fundamental asymmetry of time.

Background: This paper examines changing patterns in the utilisation and geographic access to health services in Great Britain using National Travel Survey data . The National Travel Survey (NTS) is a series of household surveys designed to provide data on personal travel and monitor changes in travel behaviour over time. The utilisation rate was derived using the proportion of journeys made to access health services. Geographic access was analysed by separating the concept into its accessibility and mobility dimensions.

Background: This paper examines changing patterns in the utilisation and geographic access to health services in Great Britain using National Travel Survey data . The National Travel Survey (NTS) is a series of household surveys designed to provide data on personal travel and monitor changes in travel behaviour over time. The utilisation rate was derived using the proportion of journeys made to access health services. Geographic access was analysed by separating the concept into its accessibility and mobility dimensions.

This research article deals with the measurement of attitude of teaching faculty in Peshawar University with reference to women employment. A sample size of 210 respondents (university male teachers with different cadres) was randomly selected through proportional allocation basis. Chi square χ2 and Kendall's tau-b statistics were used to determine the level of association and strength and direction of relationship. Majority of the respondents i.e. 207 opined that men are at their liberty to opt for both career and family, 65.7% acceded to lesser ratio of women in employment sector than men with little room for involvement in decision making process (63.8%) along with a discriminatory attitude being faced by women (94.3%). Moreover, at bivariate level a negative (T b = .134) with significant relationship (P<0.05) was discovered between female were actively participating in household activities with women employment. Similarly, a negative (T b =-.176) but significant association (p<0.05) was

Rapid urbanization, population growth, and motor vehicle use in developing countries have intensified urban issues such as traffic congestion and pollution. These challenges, particularly acute in megacities like Dhaka, reduce quality of life, cause economic losses, and harm the environment. This study highlights structural and systemic failures in urban planning and emphasizes ecological and human-centered solutions. It proposes integrated strategies including pedestrian-priority zones, green infrastructure, alternative transit, and greening efforts like roadside landscaping and green islands to mitigate air and noise pollution. Using both qualitative (literature review, stakeholder interviews) and quantitative (traffic density, air quality, road length, green space per capita) data, the study finds that monocentric urban models worsen traffic, suggesting a shift toward polycentric planning. Ultimately, traffic issues are not just technical but social and environmental, requiring interdisciplinary, sustainable approaches to improve urban life.

This study explores how visitors' push motivations-novelty and prestige, Relaxation, and relationship enhancement-influence emotional involvement and overall Satisfaction within the context of sustainable farm tourism in Wayanad, Kerala. Primary data were collected from 385 visitors across five selected sustainable farm tourism sites using a structured questionnaire. The proposed research model was tested using PLS-SEM approach in Smart PLS 4.0. The findings indicate that all push motivations significantly and positively affect emotional involvement, with relationship enhancement exerting the strongest influence, followed by novelty and prestige and Relaxation. Emotional involvement was found to have a substantial positive effect on visitor satisfaction. In addition, push motivations directly influence Satisfaction, with relationship enhancement and Relaxation emerging as key predictors, while novelty and prestige show a comparatively weaker yet significant effect. Mediation analysis confirms that emotional involvement partially mediates the relationship between push motivations and Satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of emotionally engaging, socially interactive, and relaxing farm tourism experiences in enhancing visitor satisfaction and promoting sustainable rural tourism development.

This study examines the tourism value chain of the Cartagena de Indias-Santa Cruz de Mompox river corridor in Colombia. The objective is to analyze how the corridor's territorial configuration, prioritized nodes, and inventory of attractions contribute to strengthening the sustainable integration of destinations. The research is based on three questions: (RQ1) How is the corridor's territorial configuration structured and refined? (RQ2) Which locations should be prioritized according to the multi-criteria evaluation? (RQ3) How do the attractions and industry trends influence opportunities for strengthening the sustainable value chain? A case study design combined document review, mapping, field validation, expert consultation, multi-criteria scoring, and stakeholder surveys. The findings reveal a spatially continuous but functionally uneven system. Central nodes, such as Cartagena and Mompox, show greater integration of attractions and services, while intermediate municipalities show untapped potential, limited by insufficient promotion and training. While infrastructure and basic services are positively assessed, governance coordination and marketing remain critically deficient. Trend analysis indicates high viability for heritage and nature tourism, while eco-innovation and well-being require gradual institutional and capacity development. This study provides a replicable framework that integrates territorial mapping, prioritization matrices, and attraction-based value chain analysis for sustainable tourism in corridors.

This study explored the potential for car-free living in low-density, sprawling urban environments through a 20-day intervention. Twenty car-dependent participants from Brisbane, Australia, and Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, were asked to live without a car during this period. The study had two main goals: (1) understand the process of change by examining participants' motivations, challenges, coping strategies, and the factors that supported their success; and (2) assess whether the provided financial incentives were enough to encourage long-term behaviour change. Data were collected through interviews and travel diaries, guided by the TransTheoretical Model (TTM). The results showed that while giving up cars entirely is unrealistic in these cities due to limited accessibility and transport alternatives, study participants were likely to slightly reduce their reliance on cars. This suggests that experiencing car-free living, even briefly, can help people break away from automobility.

The problem of traffic congestion and associated externalities has become a major focus of transport policies in recent years. Legislation has been passed recently in the United Kingdom to empower local authorities to implement road-user charging. This study investigates the effect of a hypothetical road-user charging scheme in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Previous studies tend to focus on measuring users&#x27; willingness to pay, often neglecting the subsequent impact on activity schedules. This paper focuses on how participants adapt not only their travel behaviour but also their activity participation and rescheduling patterns. Results suggest that the scheme is effective in reducing car use during peak times in the city but that overall activity participation remains largely unchanged. © 2006 LSE and the University of Bath

This paper examines everyday social interactions on public transport, focusing on acts of incivility observed along a busy inner-city bus route in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. Using systematic observations with a fieldwork protocol, we adopt a mixed-methods approach, including logistic regression models to analyse these travel behaviours. The range of behaviours observed is broad and difficult to classify. Of 119 observed interactions, 83 instances were categorised as acts of incivility, not directed at one person but towards those travelling on the bus ('diffuse incivility'), such as playing music loudly or disrupting exits. The regression model explains over half of the variation in observed transit incivility, with incivilities significantly more likely to occur on weekends and farther from the driver's cabin. Targeted, context-specific measures, such as signage addressing group behaviours, can help prevent undesirable conduct and encourage acts of courtesy between travellers on buses.

" tepat pada waktunya. Makalah ini disusun adalah untuk memenuhi nilai tugas dalam mata kuliah Akuntansi Syariah pada Fakultasi Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Jurusan Akuntansi, Universitas Jambi. Selain itu,tujuan utama penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk menggali lebih dalam, mengurai, dan menyajikan informasi yang dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang suatu fenomena atau masalah yang menjadi fokus kajian. Makalah ini tentunya masih memiliki keterbatasan dan kekurangan. Oleh karena itu,kritik dan saran dari pembaca sangat diharapkan guna perbaikan di masa yang akan datang. Semoga makalah ini dapat memberikan kontribusi positif dalam pemahaman dan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Akhir kata, penulis berharap makalah ini dapat menjadi bahan bacaan yang informatif dan inspiratif bagi pembaca. Semoga ilmu yang terkandung dalam makalah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan masyarakat pada umumnya.

BackgroundGiving the rising trend in childhood obesity in many countries including Switzerland, strategies to increase physical activity such as promoting active school travel are important. Yet, little is known about time trends of active commuting in Swiss schoolchildren and factors associated with changes in walking and biking to school.MethodsBetween 1994 and 2005, information about mobility behaviour of children aged 6-14 years was collected within three Swiss population based national travel behaviour surveys. Mode of transport to school was reported for 4244 children. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess active school travel time trends and their influencing factors.ResultsMore than 70% of Swiss children walked or biked to school. Nevertheless, the proportion of children biking to school decreased (p = 0.05, linear trend), predominately in urban areas, and motorized transportation increased since 1994 (p = 0.02). Distance to school did not ch...

Recent studies adopted models of user acceptance of information technology to predict and explain drivers’ acceptance of traffic information. Among these frameworks, the most commonly used is the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). However, TAM is too general and does not consider drivers’ response in specific traffic conditions or choice scenarios. This study combines an extended TAM with different choice scenarios displayed by Variable Message Signs (VMS) into a Hybrid Choice Model (HCM). Two models are proposed. The first model takes into account the causal relationships among latent variables based on the following hypotheses: Information Quality (IQ) has a positive effect on Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) which, in turn, have a positive effect on the Behavioural Intention (BI) to use traffic information. In the second model, the four latent variables PU, PEOU, IQ, and BI are directly added to the utility function without any causal relationships. 339 ...

The development and ease of access to transportation in South Sulawesi Province opens up opportunities for the workforce to work in areas that are administratively different from their residence as commuters. Commuter workers tend to increase every year. When Covid-19 hit the economy in Indonesia, te government issued various policies to suppress the spread of the Covid-19 virus. One of them is by implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) which was also adapted by the South Sulawesi Provincial Government. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on commuter workers is still not a concern, especially even though the restrictions on economic and social activities have a significant impact on the working hours and income of commuter workers. This study determines the factors that affect the income of commuter workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the results of the August 2020 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) data processing, it shows that the income received by commuter workers during the Covid-19 pandemic is influenced by the variables of working hours, business fields, employment status, policies for implementing Work from Home, education level and gender.

Due to similarities in terms of network structure and interactions among them, most infrastructure systems can be viewed as coupled layers of a generalized transportation network in which the passenger, freight, data, water, and energy flows are the commodities in the different layers. The coupling is due to the varying degrees of interactions among these layers in terms of shared physical networks, budgetary constraints, socio-economic environments, environmental concerns, information/other resources, and in particular, functional interdependencies. However, these interactions are normally ignored in the engineering planning, design and analysis of infrastructure systems. Identifying and understanding these interactions using a holistic perspective can lead to more efficient infrastructure systems. This paper presents a preliminary network flow equilibrium model of dynamic multi-layer infrastructure networks in the form of a differential game involving two essential time scales. In particular, three coupled network layers-automobiles, urban freight and data-are modeled as being comprised of Cournot-Nash dynamic agents. An agent-based simulation solution structure is introduced to solve the flow equilibrium and optimal budget allocation problem for these three layers under the assumption of a super authority that oversees investments in the infrastructure of all three technologies and thereby creates a dynamic Stackelberg leader-follower game.

The interaction between transport, land-uses and travel patterns produce diverse transportation problems in urban cities with traffic congestion as the most visible manifestation. Traffic congestion is a frequent phenomenon in most cities around the globe. This paper reviews the interaction between land-use traffic congestion through published literature. The objective of this study is to encourage and provide researchers with future research directions in land-use and traffic congestion. For this purpose, a systematic review was performed analysing 45 articles from the year 2010 to 2020 using a descriptive approach. Subsequently, the results of the study show that although the interaction between land-use and traffic congestion has gained currency in developed countries far less is known on this subject in developing parts of the world, though new evidence is steadily accumulating. Consequently, limitations of this work are presented, opportunities are identified for future lines o...

Gender identity, a combination of an individual's gender psychological traits, social gender roles, and gender orientations, has a dramatic impact on one's perceptions and behaviors related to consumption. However, the influence of gender identity has been oversimplified in the recent marketing literature by using sex as the sole gender-related descriptor. As a result, the marketing literature has been hampered in its ability to predict gender-related consumer behaviors. This study focuses on how gender identity manifests in itself in the consumers' product consumption and brand relationship. The focal population of interest was the Generation-Y aged consumers in the U.S. and their relationships with personal care products. Results generated from structural equation modeling indicate that multiple constructs of gender identity have significant and unique impacts on product involvement and brand loyalty and, further, that product involvement serves as a mediator that linking gender identity with brand loyalty.

Gender identity, a combination of an individual’s gender psychological traits, social gender roles, and gender orientations, has a dramatic impact on one’s perceptions and behaviors related to consumption. However, the influence of gender identity has been oversimplified in the recent marketing literature by using sex as the sole gender-related descriptor. As a result, the marketing literature has been hampered in its ability to predict gender-related consumer behaviors. This study focuses on how gender identity manifests in itself in the consumers’ product consumption and brand relationship. The focal population of interest was the Generation-Y aged consumers in the U.S. and their relationships with personal care products. Results generated from structural equation modeling indicate that multiple constructs of gender identity have significant and unique impacts on product involvement and brand loyalty and, further, that product involvement serves as a mediator that linking gender i...

This study explores the creative and narrative techniques in the Bayt Nour travel vlog series by Algerian content creator Nour Brahimi. As travel vlogging increasingly shapes tourism practices, this research highlights how Bayt Nour combines cultural authenticity with global accessibility. Through narrative analysis, the study examines key elements such as titles, storytelling structure, character development, spatial diversity, and temporal techniques. The findings reveal that Brahimi's innovative approach-blending visual creativity and emotional engagement-has positioned Bayt Nour as a pioneering example in digital tourism content. The research concludes that the series inspires a broad audience and promotes cultural understanding and lesser-known tourist destinations, offering a model for creative and inspiring tourism storytelling.

Il viaggio, topos letterario e oggetto di studio evenemenziale, è
lo spazio di trasformazione profonda delle società. Indagato in
prospettiva storica, esso permette di affrontare fenomeni che
spesso vi si collegano direttamente: conflitti, migrazioni, inse
diamenti e reinsediamenti, diaspore, gruppi che si sovrappon
gono, movimenti all’interno di reti poste a livelli diversi (politi
che, religiose, linguistico culturali, dinastico familiari). Quando
a mettersi in cammino sono fedeli dei tre grandi monoteismi,
si confrontano visioni diverse, si scontrano idee contrastanti
dell’esistenza stessa, si affiancano modelli di vita non concilia
bili. Eppure, negli incontri e negli sguardi che si incrociano a
scoprire l’altro nasce un mondo complesso, dinamico, aperto
all’innovazione.
I saggi raccolti in questo volume analizzano con un approccio
comparativo e documentario protagonisti, esperienze, itinera
ri e fenomeni, evidenziando come Ebraismo, Cristianesimo e
Islam hanno dato vita a luoghi e tradizioni di viaggio propri,
ma al contempo hanno creato intorno al Mediterraneo sovrap
posizioni, scambi e forme nuove di sapere che alimentano
tutt’oggi la cultura europea.

The „I didn‟t see him/her‟ defence is a cliche when it comes to incidents involving motor vehicle drivers and cyclists on the road. The same statement could equally be used to describe much mainstream transport planning as far as cyclists are concerned and the absence or incorrect use of data on bicycle use has led to distortion of resource allocation away from projects to benefit cycling safety (Ker, 1994).

In its present form, tourism is dependent on the availability of oil and is comparatively oil-intensive. While forecasts for future tourism growth are optimistic, there is also increasing evidence about the imminence of a peak in oil production and the economic effects that this would cause. Globally and on a destination level it will be necessary to consider how a transition towards fossil-fuel free economies might look like for tourism.It is therefore timely and prudent for the tourism sector to consider its current oil requirements and derive indicators for monitoring its oil consumption. In particular, destinations need indicators of the amount of oil consumed by the various markets from which they receive visitors. New Zealand is used as an example for assessing the oilintensity of its Top 10 countries of origin based on the 10 indicators. Overall, the least exposed markets for New Zealand with respect to oil are Australia, China, Singapore, and Taiwan, although a more detailed analysis would be required for markets that display very heterogeneous travel behaviour. Among the indicators, eco-efficiency is particularly important as it allows comparison of resource inputs with economic outputs.

This paper presents a study about the travel behavior in western suburban area of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Traffic data and data from an online travel survey were used to create information from which several findings were highlighted. Furthermore, several push and pull measures were suggested in order to reduce car dependency and thus to improve urban mobility in the area. Therefore, the collection of data regarding travel behavior was addressed in order to conduct comprehensive analysis and to establish an appropriate direction to urban mobility development. Key-Words: sustainable mobility, travel behavior, WIM system, online travel survey, Cluj-Napoca urban area

The research was based on a questionnaire distributed through an online survey and the social network. A total of 190 respondents participated in the survey. The average age of the respondents was 39.24 years, with a gender distribution of 35.48% male and 64.52% female. The majority of the respondents come from urban areas (63.04%) and have an average income of 1320 EUR. The research results indicate that Slovenians are active travelers, as the majority have already traveled and plan to travel in the future. Europe is the most common destination, followed by Africa, Asia, North America, South America, and Australia with Oceania. Reasons for traveling include visiting natural and cultural landmarks, a desire to get to know countries, pristine nature, and cuisine. During their travels, they are most attracted to the coast, nature, local hospitality, and a safe environment. When planning a trip, most respondents rely on booking platforms (Booking.com, TripAdvisor), books and guides, as well as recommendations from friends. More than half of the respondents have already booked a trip through a mobile application. Most respondents (74.07%) prefer to travel alone or independently, while 25.93% opt for travel agencies. Regarding the financial aspects of travel, respondents most frequently allocate up to 1,000 EUR for visas, flight tickets, and the trip itself. As for additional expenses (food, excursions, transportation), the majority plan to spend up to 700 EUR. The research findings provide valuable information for researchers, educational institutions, and tourism agencies. The results enable the customization of tourism offerings, better understanding of trends and consumer preferences, and enhancement of the user experience.

Short-form travel videos are popular, but the process of audience involvement while watching remains unclear. This study explores audience involvement along with expressions of travel intention and introduces the concepts of destination image and psychological distance to construct a structural model. A total of 487 questionnaires were used for structural equation model testing. Results show that audience involvement has a positive impact on the destination’s cognitive and affective image, ultimately leading to travel intention. Meanwhile, the destination’s cognitive and affective image play a partial mediating role between the influencing mechanisms. Moreover, psychological distance has a negative moderating effect between audience involvement and travel intention, and on audience involvement and cognitive image. However, it has no significant moderating effect on both audience involvement and affective image. The results provide a broader research perspective for the development o...

El Festival Internacional de Cometas de Jaipur es una vibrante celebración que atrae a aficionados a las cometas de todo el mundo. Este evento anual exhibe una deslumbrante variedad de cometas de diversas formas, tamaños y colores, creando un espectáculo visual impactante con la arquitectura histórica de la ciudad como telón de fondo. Los participantes participan en competencias amistosas, demostrando sus habilidades en el vuelo y manejo de cometas, mientras los espectadores disfrutan de un ambiente festivo con música, gastronomía y espectáculos culturales. El festival no solo resalta la rica tradición del vuelo de cometas, sino que también fomenta un sentido de comunidad y camaradería entre los asistentes.