Intercity Transportation

This research article deals with the measurement of attitude of teaching faculty in Peshawar University with reference to women employment. A sample size of 210 respondents (university male teachers with different cadres) was randomly selected through proportional allocation basis. Chi square χ2 and Kendall's tau-b statistics were used to determine the level of association and strength and direction of relationship. Majority of the respondents i.e. 207 opined that men are at their liberty to opt for both career and family, 65.7% acceded to lesser ratio of women in employment sector than men with little room for involvement in decision making process (63.8%) along with a discriminatory attitude being faced by women (94.3%). Moreover, at bivariate level a negative (T b = .134) with significant relationship (P<0.05) was discovered between female were actively participating in household activities with women employment. Similarly, a negative (T b =-.176) but significant association (p<0.05) was

Transportation is a very important aspect of urban mobility and the quality of services is a major determinant of its efficiency. This paper evaluated how the quality of intra-city public transport services affects passenger satisfaction in Ibadan, Nigeria. The survey was carried out in five large terminals, including Ojoo, Agodi Gate, New Gbagi, Iwo Road, and Challenge. A sample of 400 passengers was chosen using stratified random sampling using the Yamane formula. The SERVQUAL framework was used to analyse the data and measured the quality of the service in terms of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Findings showed that there were high expectation-perception gaps in service delivery. The greatest gap was in reliability (overall score 6.55), which means poor punctuality and inconsistent schedules. Tangibles like vehicle condition and cleanliness also had high dissatisfaction (overall score 5.64). Smaller but significant gaps in responsiveness and assurance, and empathy, especially individualized passenger care, were missing. These findings indicate that passengers are least satisfied with the reliability of the services and physical conditions, which are the strongest determinants of overall satisfaction. The research concludes that low reliability and tangibles destroy passenger trust and confidence in public transport. It means more rigid schedules, modernization of terminals and vehicles, professionalism of workers, reinforcement of empathy-based policies, and more control by the authorities to enhance service delivery and customer satisfaction.

Transportation is a very important aspect of urban mobility and the quality of services is a major determinant of its efficiency. This paper evaluated how the quality of intra-city public transport services affects passenger satisfaction in Ibadan, Nigeria. The survey was carried out in five large terminals, including Ojoo, Agodi Gate, New Gbagi, Iwo Road, and Challenge. A sample of 400 passengers was chosen using stratified random sampling using the Yamane formula. The SERVQUAL framework was used to analyse the data and measured the quality of the service in terms of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Findings showed that there were high expectation-perception gaps in service delivery. The greatest gap was in reliability (overall score 6.55), which means poor punctuality and inconsistent schedules. Tangibles like vehicle condition and cleanliness also had high dissatisfaction (overall score 5.64). Smaller but significant gaps in responsiveness and assurance, and empathy, especially individualized passenger care, were missing. These findings indicate that passengers are least satisfied with the reliability of the services and physical conditions, which are the strongest determinants of overall satisfaction. The research concludes that low reliability and tangibles destroy passenger trust and confidence in public transport. It means more rigid schedules, modernization of terminals and vehicles, professionalism of workers, reinforcement of empathy-based policies, and more control by the authorities to enhance service delivery and customer satisfaction.

Transportation is a very important aspect of urban mobility and the quality of services is a major determinant of its efficiency. This paper evaluated how the quality of intra-city public transport services affects passenger satisfaction in Ibadan, Nigeria. The survey was carried out in five large terminals, including Ojoo, Agodi Gate, New Gbagi, Iwo Road, and Challenge. A sample of 400 passengers was chosen using stratified random sampling using the Yamane formula. The SERVQUAL framework was used to analyse the data and measured the quality of the service in terms of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Findings showed that there were high expectation-perception gaps in service delivery. The greatest gap was in reliability (overall score 6.55), which means poor punctuality and inconsistent schedules. Tangibles like vehicle condition and cleanliness also had high dissatisfaction (overall score 5.64). Smaller but significant gaps in responsiveness and assurance, and empathy, especially individualized passenger care, were missing. These findings indicate that passengers are least satisfied with the reliability of the services and physical conditions, which are the strongest determinants of overall satisfaction. The research concludes that low reliability and tangibles destroy passenger trust and confidence in public transport. It means more rigid schedules, modernization of terminals and vehicles, professionalism of workers, reinforcement of empathy-based policies, and more control by the authorities to enhance service delivery and customer satisfaction.

The paper seeks to examine customer’s perception about the state of public transport in Ghana; assess the extent to which customers are satisfied with Metro Mass Transport’s(MMT)public bus service delivery; and further establish the relationship (if any) among service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. A quantitative approach, using questionnaires, was adopted to survey 377 regular students from the University of Cape Coast, who mostly patronize public transport services, especially on vacations, public holidays and school reopening seasons. Data were analyzed, using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s product-moment correlation technique. The findings indicate that the respondents’ strongest perception of the state of public transportation was its importance to society. Majority of the respondents were generally dissatisfied with MMTsservice delivery; and empirically, there was a weak, negative correlation between customer satisfaction in terms of service qualit...

This study evaluates the service quality and customer satisfaction of Niazi Express, a leading transport company in Pakistan. The research uses the SERVQUAL model to examine key factors such as punctuality, cleanliness, pricing, and staff way of behaving that influence customer perceptions. A quantitative approach was adopted, collecting data from 200 passengers and 50 employees through structured surveys. Statistical analysis reveals that punctuality and staff conduct significantly impact customer loyalty, while issues like fare transparency and service inconsistencies remain concerns. Findings indicate that enhancing service quality can improve customer retention and competitiveness. The study recommends improvements in operational efficiency, employee training, and fare policies to align services with passenger expectations. By addressing these areas, Niazi Express can enhance overall customer satisfaction and strengthen its market position. Future research can expand this study by comparing different transport services or incorporating qualitative insights from customer interviews to better understand service quality dynamics.

First and foremost, we say a big thank you to God for seeing us through this work and keeping us strong and focused. We owe many thanks to many people who helped and supported us during the writing of this thesis. Our deepest thanks go to our supervisor, Prof. Anis Chelbi, for guiding us and correcting various documents of ours with attention and care. Prof. Anis Chelbi took pain to go through the project and made necessary corrections when needed. Also, our gratitude goes to our coordinators for showing so much concern. We express our thanks to the Principal of University of education, Kumasi campus, for extending his support. Thanks and appreciation to the helpful people at Intercity State Transport Company, for their support. We would also like to thank the Institution and faculty members without whom this project would have been a distant reality. We also extend our heartfelt thanks to our families and well-wishers.

Introduction: It is important that destinations are able to measure their competitiveness in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses and thereby develop their future strategies. North Gondar's competitiveness as a tourist destination has not been studied and analyzed and so, no study results have been used for an efficient decision making in the sector. Purpose: The aim of this study is to present the results of a survey on the competitiveness of North Gondar as an international tourism destination from a supply-side perspective. Methodology: Both primary and secondary data were used in this research. As methods of collecting primary data, a structured five point Likert scale questionnaire was employed and data was collected from 170 respondents. For secondary data, published; such as books and journals, unpublished statistical materials such as records maintained governmental organizations and researches carried out by individuals, were used. Data was analyzed quantitatively using frequencies, percentages, means, medians, modes and standard deviations in SPSS and results were discussed on importance-performance analysis (IPA) grid. Findings: The study finds that it is only with 33% of the total attributes presented to the respondents that the destination was viewed to be competitive when almost all attributes were seen to be important for the competitiveness of the zone in the international tourism market..

Introduction: It is important that destinations are able to measure their competitiveness in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses and thereby develop their future strategies. North Gondar’s competitiveness as a tourist destination has not been studied and analyzed and so, no study results have been used for an efficient decision making in the sector. Purpose: The aim of this study is to present the results of a survey on the competitiveness of North Gondar as an international tourism destination from a supply-side perspective. Methodology: Both primary and secondary data were used in this research. As methods of collecting primary data, a structured five point Likert scale questionnaire was employed and data was collected from 170 respondents. For secondary data, published; such as books and journals, unpublished statistical materials such as records maintained governmental organizations and researches carried out by individuals, were used. Data was analyzed quantitative...

Federal funding for intercity bus programs is available to states under Section 5311 (f) of the Federal Transit Act. The act requires that 15% of all federal funding for public transportation in nonurbanized areas be expended for intercity bus transportation, unless the state governor certifies that the intercity bus service needs are adequately met. A demand-supply-deficiency analysis was undertaken to assess whether intercity bus needs are being met in Illinois. The analysis indicates that some larger city-to-city routes could use additional service. In addition, many smaller urban places have no access to rail or bus service, especially in southern Illinois, and many of these have no Section 5311(f) recipients. Without state support for intercity bus programs, it is unlikely that people in these places will have access to such service in the foreseeable future.

In a country where there is a high level of car ownership, public buses is considered as another modes of transport that is more sustainable. Despite that, there is a very low level of public bus ridership in Malaysia which questions the users’ satisfaction on its service quality. This study investigates the role of public buses service quality (tangibility, reliability, assurance, empathy and responsiveness) by the utilizing the SERVQUAL model towards users’ satisfaction. A sample of 300 questionnaires were obtained from public bus users in Kota Samarahan, Malaysia as the case study area. Using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model, the results show that tangibility, reliability and responsiveness are significant service quality factors that influence users’ satisfaction of public buses in the case study area. Of the factors, tangibility is considered as the most critical factor that influence users’ satisfaction. This study provides imperative knowledge which will be adva...

Federal funding for intercity bus programs is available to states under Section 5311 (f) of the Federal Transit Act. The act requires that 15% of all federal funding for public transportation in nonurbanized areas be expended for intercity bus transportation, unless the state governor certifies that the intercity bus service needs are adequately met. A demand-supply-deficiency analysis was undertaken to assess whether intercity bus needs are being met in Illinois. The analysis indicates that some larger city-to-city routes could use additional service. In addition, many smaller urban places have no access to rail or bus service, especially in southern Illinois, and many of these have no Section 5311(f) recipients. Without state support for intercity bus programs, it is unlikely that people in these places will have access to such service in the foreseeable future.

Abstract:
The main aim of the study is to measure the service quality of Mumbai metro trains in general
and to evaluate the service quality gap between the perception and expectation of commuters,
as there are many metro lines under construction but the present study focuses only on 3 metro
lines that are in operation currently, the two new lines of the Mumbai metro viz Line 2A -
Andheri West to Anand Nagar and Line 7 - Gundavli to Dahisar started in January 2023
whereas line 1- from Ghatkopar to Versova has operated since 2014. The SERVQUAL Model
is used to analyze the service quality gap, 5 constructs of the model were studied consisting of
3 factors in every i.e.15 questions of the SERVQUAL model were used in the study, Data has
been collected from 120 Metro travelers of Mumbai City using Google forms. (Minimum
sample required at 0.5 effect size, Alpha of 5%, and power of test 95% to apply paired t-test =
54) non-probability convenience sampling technique was used for the current study. Both
primary and secondary data collection techniques have been used for the present study. SPSS
26 has been used for the current study, and the technique applied for the analysis is paired t–
test. As per the findings of the research, there is no service gap in the constructs of Reliability,
Tangibility, and Assurance but there exists a service gap in a few items of empathy and
responsiveness.
Keywords: Mumbai metro, line 1, line 2A, line 7, SERVQUAL, service gap.

Platforms constitute an integral component of any rail journey. An individual may avail of several platform-based amenities at a railway station, satisfaction out of which is assumed to be of paramount significance. Hence this study measures satisfaction that passengers gain out of such amenities through a survey conducted at Kanpur Central station of North Central Railway in India. Regression analysis has been applied to determine a model of passenger satisfaction, following which, a service quality performance matrix (SQPM) is constructed to demarcate between amenities that need to be improved and those that may be maintained. Finally a User Satisfaction Index (USI) is built based on Customer Satisfaction Index to define a priority order for improving amenities. Regression results show 5 out of 7 factors significant in predicting passenger satisfaction. Out of the 26 amenities under improvement zone of SQPM, the top 5 that need to be improved as per USI include 3 related to cleanliness and hygiene. Findings point towards abysmal condition of Kanpur Central, which falls in the prestigious A1 category of stations of Indian Railways. The validated model as an outcome of this paper is expected to be useful for policy makers in defining policies and strategies for improving platform-based amenities. Further, the CSI we have constructed would provide a framework to formulate improvement action plans on priority basis by Indian Railways.

This paper evaluates sustainable urban bus service quality based on passenger perception and expectation in local tourism destinations in order to attain a comprehension of tourists’ attitudes towards local public transport. The study focuses on the combination of route 101 and 102 by Rapid Penang bus to investigate passenger satisfaction because the bus is the main public transport used by most tourist who use both routes. Data collection by questionnaire survey from 201 valid questionnaires was analysed using sustainable assessment model for both routes. The focus groups of this study are local and foreign tourist as the perceived service quality has a significant positive influence on tourist satisfaction. Moreover, previous experience moderates the relationship between perceived service quality and satisfaction. Results obtained indicate 28 indicators in measuring performance of service quality offered, and 6 vital attributes are identified including; reliability, understandin...

The paper seeks to examine customer’s perception about the state of public transport in Ghana; assess the extent to which customers are satisfied with Metro Mass Transport’s(MMT)public bus service delivery; and further establish the relationship (if any) among service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. A quantitative approach, using questionnaires, was adopted to survey 377 regular students from the University of Cape Coast, who mostly patronize public transport services, especially on vacations, public holidays and school reopening seasons. Data were analyzed, using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s product-moment correlation technique. The findings indicate that the respondents’ strongest perception of the state of public transportation was its importance to society. Majority of the respondents were generally dissatisfied with MMTsservice delivery; and empirically, there was a weak, negative correlation between customer satisfaction in terms of service qualit...

Urban transport and travel safety in African cities have not received enough attention in global research and policy. This paper contributes to this gap, by exploring how travel behaviours and patterns of school pupils between the ages of 6-15 years are expose to risk of fatal injury around Accra, Ghana's capital. Methods: The study adopted a case study design and multiple qualitative methods of data collection. A total of 370 pupils and their parents were randomly sampled and interviewed, using semi-structured questionnaires and interview guides. In addition, 53 teachers, officials of municipal departments of roads and transport, association of transport operators and other key informants were purposively sampled and interviewed, using interview guides. Finally, the daily journey, to and from school, of selected pupils were observed for a week along major routes and around school zones during peak hours. Results: The study revealed that walking is still the dominant mode of travelling to and from school, adopted by 53.7% and 57.5% of pupils, respectively. This is because most of the pupils studied (48.6%) live within less than 1 km from their respective schools. Similar to other African cities, the main challenge associated with walking to school, in Accra is that, most pupils are neither accompanied nor protected by any adult. The situation is worsened by their risky travel behaviours such as jay walking, dropping off at areas not designated as bus stops; riding bicycles without helmets and playing while crossing the road after school hours. Conclusion: The paper draws attention to traffic collisions and fatalities among basic school pupils in and around Accra. Particularly, the paper resonates the worsening trip-to-school behaviours of basic school pupils in African cities. Cities on the continent still provide unsafe, expensive and inefficient transport services. The paper calls for a re-examination of urban mobility and safety among school pupils; as an urgent urban transport policy issue in Africa cities.

The measurement of quality of life (QoL) can be used as an urban planning tool to address challenges confronting the management of urban centers. The results of such measurements may provide the required basis for formulating future spatial and urban planning policies. Using the city of Kumasi, this paper examines the determinants of QoL of residents. This study surveyed 500 households. A subjective residents' assessment of QoL and a Factor Analysis are performed to explore the determinants of QoL and their relative importance. The results show an acceptable goodness of fit, supporting the view that the main determinants of QoL are health, housing, economic status and neighborhood.

This paper examines the relationship between transport and telecommunication in developing countries within the broader concept of Smart Cities. Using Ghana as a case study, and drawing mainly on secondary data and few institutional surveys, the paper establishes that telegraph and telephone facilities, as well as new fiber optic networks are heavily dependent on rights-of-way of roads and railways in Ghana, as was observed in the advanced countries. In addition, the paper observed that at the macro level, the nature of the relationship between telecommunication and transport tends to support the complementary role of telecommunication rather than a substitution role. The paper concludes by recommending further studies at the micro level to untie the dilemma in the nexus between telecommunication and transport to inform public policy.

Public transportation is essential for public transport users as it comprises all transport facilities in which passengers do not use their personal means of transportation to travel. Public transportation performs a lot of functions which helps passengers in different form. It enhances the quality of life in societies on condition that it provides safe, efficient and inexpensive transportation services. A good public transport system makes efficient use of urban space, provide efficient and affordable mobility, and access to work, school/colleges, social, recreation and economic activities. This paper mainly focus on the study of effects of the public transport services in the quality of life of the public transport road users. The effects of public transport on the quality of life of road users are measured in the terms of servqual dimension i.e. Empathy dimensions, Reliability dimension, Responsive dimension, Tangible dimension and Comfort dimension. The gap between the expectation and perception were analyzed to determine the effects on the quality of life. From the study it was observed that the public perception of public transport services with indicators insurance, empathy, reliability, responsive, tangible and comfortable is very low in giving the good service to the passengers.

The purpose of this paper is to look at the Travel and tourism (T&T) competitiveness in India. The infrastructure is found to be a significant predictor of T&T competitiveness. The paper begins with an overview of the problem highlighted in the literature and then moves on to what has already been done to solve the problem in Indian T&T sector. For data analysis methods such as Partial Least Squares, correlation matrix, composite reliabilities and average variance extracted (AVE) are applied. Research shows that the country&#39;s supply of transport, ICT, and energy infrastructure remains largely insufficient and ill-adapted to the needs of the T&T competitiveness.

The study is to apply SERVQUAL scale in assessing campus shuttle bus service. The methodology was opinion survey of simple randomly selected 300 respondents at the two designated stations for the shuttle service. The cronbach&#39;salpha of the attributes ranges from 0.903-0.907. Frequencies, percentage, mean andpaired sample t-testwas used for the data analysis. The results of the study indicates that 55% of the respondents are male; 70.2% are aged between 20-24years; 67.3% use the shuttle every other day; 50.5% use the campus shuttle because of the lower transport fares; 83.7% use the campus shuttle for educational reasons; all the five dimensions have negative gap scores and 17 attributes are statistically significant with p-value&lt;0.005. The study makes recommendations for better service delivery.

A cross sectional study of gender perspective of campus shuttle service was carried out using 891 questionnaires administered on students from the three foremost public universities in Ghana. The questionnaires containing gender of respondents and modified SERVQUAL scale were administered through simple random sampling at the designated bus stops in the three universities from 8am-4pm. The results revealed that males patronized shuttle service more than females; male’s perceived functional quality differed from female’s and The findings of the hypothesis showed that there was a significance gender difference in perceived functional quality.

Several factors influence the preference and patronage of one public transport mode as against the others. The study set out to assess the factors that influence students of the University of Cape Coast in their choice of public transport service operators. Using questionnaires and interview guides, the study was conducted at five main intercity bus terminals in Cape Coast involving 100 student commuters who happened to be available at the various terminals during the survey (Easter break). The study found that the students gave massive consideration to fare, safety, comfort and reliability before deciding on which transport operator to choose. The study also revealed that the government-owned fleet were the most preferred by the students surveyed compared to the other privately-owned modals. It was thus concluded that service operator preference and patronage was a function of how affordable, comfortable, safe and reliable their fleet and services are and also that the students pre...

Road transport forms part of the daily activities of individuals and it is the principal mode of transport in Ghana. In many parts of the world, individuals tend to use their private vehicles due to lack of satisfaction they derive from the services of public transport. In this paper, passengers satisfaction with public transport services in Ghana has been investigated using binary logistic regression model. Among the sampled passengers, the results indicate that 15%, 63.2%, 20.8% and 1% believed that the overall service quality of public transport is excellent, good, moderate and poor respectively. From the estimated binary logit model, passengers rating for overall service quality tend to increase when they are satisfied with service components such as fare structure (OR=1.897; 95%CI=1.08-3.33), crime rate at bus station (OR=1.829, 95%CI=1.05-3.18) and traffic safety record of the bus (OR=4.407; 95%CI=2.64-7.36). It was established that, passenger's satisfaction with public transport service is highly influenced by bus traffic safety record. Thus, to retain existing and attract new users, policies relating to passengers safety and comfort as well as fare and control of crime rate at the bus station should be targeted and improved upon. They are the service components that users valued most.

In order to encourage the use of public transportation, it is necessary to make it more appealing to commuters by conducting frequent Service Quality (SQ) evaluations and modifications. Understanding passengers' expectations of public transportation are important, and evaluating the SQ is an essential tool for assessing the overall performance of the public transportation system. The purpose of the present study was to examine the expectations and perceptions of core passengers regarding SQ in public bus transportation. By surveying 598 passengers in rural public transportation in India, the study results are illustrated and further discussed to guide possible bus SQ improvements in rural areas. In addition, the impact of these expectations and perceptions on satisfaction levels of rural public bus transportation services are explored by applying the Interval-Valued Pythagorean Fuzzy (IVPF). The outcomes of the survey indicated significant disparities among expectations and perceptions of passengers, as well as widespread dissatisfaction with the delivery of bus services in rural areas as a whole. The dependability and adaptiveness of the bus service have been critical in describing the overall quality of bus services in rural areas, and best practices from around the world were used to develop a set of recommendations for transportation operators and local officials.

Road transportation plays a critical role as a means to commute between places. Ensuring quality in this service, therefore, is crucial. In this paper, we explore the service quality characteristics of intercity bus passenger transport and analyse the determinants of commuters' perceived service value in the European and Indian context. A structured questionnaire was administered face-to-face and captured the passengers' perception of service quality. Factor analysis and multiple linear regression were used to test the research hypotheses of the study. Empirical results demonstrate that timely service, women-friendliness, ticket price affordability and service to price satisfaction are common to passengers from Europe and India, and significantly impact commuters' perceived service value devised as overall satisfaction. In particular, external tangibles such as clean drinking water, clean bus stops are however significantly more important for passengers in Europe, while handling of luggage is a more appropriate tangible for passengers in the Indian context. Additional analysis suggests that technology also significantly impacts the overall satisfaction of passengers in both contexts. Several comparative results were discussed for their context similarities and differences.